2022年北京市高考英語試題及答案解析

年北京市高考英語試題及答案解析2022年北京市高考英語試題及答案解析(word)

高考英語試卷通常要求掩蓋英語基礎(chǔ)學(xué)問、閱讀、聽力、寫作等多個(gè)方面。以下是關(guān)于2022年北京市高考英語試題及答案解析的相關(guān)內(nèi)容，供大家參考!

2022年一般高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試(北京卷)

英語

本試卷共11頁，共100分?？荚嚂r(shí)長90分鐘。

考生務(wù)必在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答，在試卷上作答無效。

考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分學(xué)問運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，30分)

第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)

閱讀下面短文，把握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

OneMondaymorning,whilethechildrenwereenjoying“freeplay”,Isteppedtothedoorwayoftheclassroomtotakeabreak.Suddenly,I1amovementoftheheavywoodendoor.ThiswastheverydoorI2guidedthechildrenthroughtoensuretheirsafetyfromthebittercold.Ifeltachill(寒意)gothroughmybody.

Mylegscarriedmetothatdoor,andIpusheditopen.ItwasoneofmykindergartenerswhoIthoughtwas3thatday.Hehadbeendroppedoffatschoollateandwas4toopenthedoor.

Hemusthavebeenwaitingthereforquiteawhile!Withoutaword,Irushedhimtothehospital.Hewastreatedforfrostbiteonhishands.He’dneedtimeto5,andwouldn’tcomeforclassthenextday,Ithought.

Thenextmorning,oneofthefirstto6wasmylittlefrostbittenboy.Notonlydidheruninwithenergy,buthis7couldbeheardasloudasever!Igavehimawarmhugandtoldhimhow8Iwastoseehim.Hiswordshavestayedwithmealltheseyears,“Iknewyouwouldopenthedoor.”

ThatcoldMondaymorning,hewaitedalong,longwhileforadultsto9.Toachild,everyminutefeelslikeforever.Hedidn’tattempttowalkbackhome;hewaitedandtrusted.Thisfive-year-oldtaughtmeapowerfullessonin10.

1.A.causedB.spottedC.checkedD.imagined

2.A.hesitantlyB.randomlyC.dizzilyD.carefully

3.A.angryB.absentC.specialD.noisy

4.A.courageousB.contentC.unableD.unwilling

5.A.recoverB.playC.changeD.wait

6.A.settleB.gatherC.arriveD.react

7.A.sneezeB.weepC.complaintD.laughter

8.A.luckyB.happyC.curiousD.nervous

9.A.showupB.pullupC.holdupD.lineup

10.A.gratitudeB.forgivenessC.faithD.kindness

其次節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)

閱讀下列短文，依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。

A

Helenwaswalkingdownthestreetlate11theevening,herarmsfilledwithgrocerybags.Focusedonbalancingthebags,shedidn’tnoticeherwalletfallingoutofherpocket.AsHelenwalkedon,sheheardamanchargingtowardsher.Fearfulthathemighthaveanintention12(harm)her,Helenstartedtorun.Eventually,theman13(catch)upwithher,andhewasonlytryingtoreturnherwallet!

B

Whydohumansprefersomesmellsoverothers?Onetheory,increasingly14(support)byexperts,suggeststhatsmellpreferencesarelearned.It’seasytoexplainhowwedetermine15smellsaredangerousornot:welearn.Thishasbeenadoptedtoensureeasierdetectionofgasleaks.Gasnaturally16(have)norecognisablesmell.However,astrongsmellisaddedsothatwecanraisethealarmwhenwedetectthesmellassociatedwithdanger.

C

Sincepeoplecan’talwayseatoutorcookfor17(they),theygettakeoutororderdelivery.Moretakeoutandmorefooddeliveryequalmorewaste,especiallyplasticwaste.Thatincludescups,bottles,andbags,mostof18areonlygoodforoneuse.That’sabigproblemanditisgettingeven19(bad).Theuseofthoseplastics20(increase)by300%since2022.Theworldwon’tsurviveifthissituationcontinues.

其次部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)

第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

A

Peer(同伴)AssistedStudySessions(PASS)isapeer-facilitatedlearningprogrammeavailabletostudentsenrolled(注冊(cè))inmostcoreunitsofstudyinourbusinessschool.

PASSinvolvesweeklysessionswhereyouworkingroupstotacklespeciallypreparedproblemsets,basedaroundaunitofstudyyou’reenrolledin.

PASSdoesn’tre-teachordelivernewcontent.It’sanopportunitytodeepenyourunderstandingofthekeypointsfromlecturematerialswhileyouareapplyingyourskillstosolveproblems.

Youworkinteractivelywithyourpeers.Asapeergroup,youdecidewhatiscoveredineachsession.Thatway,PASSdirectlyrespondstoyourneedsandfeedback.

RegistrationinTerm2willopenat9am,21September2022.

Waitinglists

Ifasessionisfull,youcanregisterforthewaitinglist.Wewillemailyouifaplacebecomesavailableorifanewsessionistobeheld.

Whenyouareplacedonawaitinglist,wewillemailyouanumberwhichtellsyouwhereyouareonthelist.Ifyouareclosetothefrontofthelist,youhaveagoodchanceofgainingaplaceintheprogrammeinthenearfuture.

Deregistering

IfyoumisstwoPASSsessionsinarow,youwillbederegisteredandyourplacewillbegiventosomeoneonthewaitinglist.Makesureyoufillintheattendancesheetateachsessiontorecordyourattendance.

You’llbeinformedbyemailifyouarebeingderegisteredasaresultofmissingsessions.Ifyoubelieveyouhavereceivedtheemailinerror,emailthePASSofficeatpassoffice@.

21.InPASS,students______.

A.attendnewlecturesB.decidetheirownschedules

C.prepareproblemsetsingroupsD.usetheirskillstosolveproblems

22.Whatcanstudentsdoifasessionisfull?

A.Fillintheattendancesheet.B.Signupforthewaitinglist.

C.Reporttheirneedsandfeedback.D.Emailtheofficetheirnumbersonthelist.

23.Studentswillbederegisteredif______.

A.theysendemailsinerrorB.theyfailtoworkinteractively

C.theygivetheirplacestoothersD.theymisstwosessionsinarow

B

MynameisAlice.Earlylastyear,Iwastroubledbyananxietythatcrippled(減弱)myabilitytodoanything.Ifeltlikeastormcloudhungoverme.ForalmostayearIstruggledon,constantlystaringatthiswallthatfacedme.Myperfectionisttendencieswerethemainrootofthis:IwantedtobeperfectatwhateverIdid,whichobviouslyinlifeisnotpossible,butitconsumedme.

Oneday,IattendedapresentationbywildlifeconservationistGrantBrownatmyhighschool.Hispresentationnotonlyawedandinspiredme,butalsohelpedemergeaninnerdesiretomakeadifferenceintheworld.Ijoinedapre-presentationdinnerwithhimandthatsmallersettingallowedmetoslowlybuildupmycouragetospeakone-on-onewithhim—anideathathadseemedcompletelyimpossible.Thisfirstcontactwaswheremystorybegan.

Amonthlater,BrowninvitedmetoattendtheWorldYouthWildlifeConference.Lookingback,Inowseethatthiswouldbethefirstinaseriesoftimelyopportunitiesthatmyoldselfwouldhaveletpass,butthatthisnewandmoreconfidentAliceenthusiasticallyseized.ShortlyafterIreceivedhisinvitation,applicationstojointheYouthforNatureandtheYouthforPlanetgroupsweresentaroundthroughmyhighschool.Idecidedtocommittocompletingtheapplications,andsoonIwasapartofagrowingglobalteamofyoungpeopleworkingtoprotectnature.Eachofthesenewstepscontinuedtogrowmyconfidence.

IamwritingthisjustsixmonthssincemyjourneybeganandI’verealisedthatmybiggestobstacle(障礙)thiswholetimewasmyself.Itwasthatvoiceinthebackofmyheadtellingmethatonephrasethathasstoppedsomanypeoplefromreachingtheirpotential:Ican’t.Theysaygoodthingscometothosewhowait;Isay:grabeveryopportunitywitheverythingyouhaveandbeimpatient.Afterall,naturedoesnotrequireourpatience,butouraction.

24.WhatwasthemaincauseforAlice’sanxiety?

A.Herinabilitytoactherage.B.Herhabitofconsumption.

C.Herdesiretobeperfect.D.Herlackofinspiration.

25.HowdidGrantBrown’spresentationinfluenceAlice?

A.Shedecidedtodosomethingfornature.B.Shetastedthesweetnessoffriendship.

C.Shelearnedabouttheharmofdesire.D.Shebuiltuphercouragetospeakup.

26.TheactivitiesAlicejoinedinhelpedhertobecomemore______.

A.intelligentB.confidentC.innovativeD.critical

27.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?

A.Practicemakesperfect.B.Patienceisacureofanxiety.

C.Actionisworry’sworstenemy.D.Everythingcomestothosewhowait.

C

“Whatwouldtheworldbeiftherewerenohunger?”It’saquestionthatProfessorCrystalwouldaskherstudents.Theyfoundithardtoanswer,shewrotelater,becauseimaginingsomethingthatisn’tpartofreallife—andlearninghowtomakeitreal—isarareskill.Itistaughttoartistsandengineers,butmuchlessoftentoscientists.Crystalsetouttochangethat,andhelpedtocreateaglobalmovement.Theresult—anapproachknownassystemsthinking—isnowseenasessentialinmeetingglobalchallenges.

Systemsthinkingiscrucialtoachievingtargetssuchaszerohungerandbetternutritionbecauseitrequiresconsideringthewayinwhichfoodisproduced,processed,deliveredandconsumed,andlookingathowthosethingsintersect(交叉)withhumanhealth,theenvironment,economicsandsociety.Accordingtosystemsthinking,changingthefoodsystem—oranyothernetwork—requiresthreethingstohappen.First,researchersneedtoidentifyalltheplayersinthatsystem;second,theymustworkouthowtheyrelatetoeachother;andthird,theyneedtounderstandandquantifytheimpactofthoserelationshipsoneachotherandonthoseoutsidethesystem.

Takenutrition.InthelatestUNreportonglobalfoodsecurity,thenumberofundernourished(養(yǎng)分不良)peopleintheworldhasbeenrising,despitegreatadvancesinnutritionscience.Trackingof150biochemicalsinfoodhasbeenimportantinrevealingtherelationshipsbetweencalories,sugar,fatandtheoccurrenceofcommondiseases.Butusingmachinelearningandartificialintelligence,somescientistsproposethathumandietsconsistofatleast26,000biochemicals—andthatthevastmajorityarenotknown.

Asystemsapproachtocreatingchangeisalsobuiltontheassumptionthateveryoneinthesystemhasequalpower.Butassomeresearchersfind,thefoodsystemisnotanequalone.Agoodwaytoredress(修正)suchpowerimbalanceisformoreuniversitiestodowhatCrystaldidandteachstudentshowtothinkusingasystemsapproach.

Moreresearchers,policymakersandrepresentativesfromthefoodindustrymustlearntolookbeyondtheirdirectlinesofresponsibilityandadoptasystemsapproach.Crystalknewthatvisionsalonedon’tproduceresults,butconcludedthat“we’llneverproduceresultsthatwecan’tenvision”.

28.TheauthorusesthequestionunderlinedinParagraph1to______.

A.illustrateanargumentB.highlightanopinion

C.introducethetopicD.predicttheending

29.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthefieldofnutrition?

A.Thefirstobjectiveofsystemsthinkinghasn’tbeenachieved.

B.Therelationshipsamongplayershavebeenclarified.

C.Machinelearningcansolvethenutritionproblem.

D.Theimpactofnutritioncannotbequantified.

30.Asforsystemsthinking,whichwouldtheauthoragreewith?

A.Itmaybeusedtojustifypowerimbalance.

B.Itcanbeappliedtotacklechallenges.

C.Ithelpstoprovewhyhungerexists.

D.Itgoesbeyondhumanimagination.

D

Quantum(量子)computershavebeenonmymindalotlately.Afriendhasbeensendingmearticlesonhowquantumcomputersmighthelpsolvesomeofthebiggestchallengeswefaceashumans.I’vealsohadexchangeswithtwoquantum-computingexperts.OneiscomputerscientistChrisJohnsonwhoIseeassomeonewhohelpskeepthefieldhonest.TheotherisphysicistPhilipTaylor.

Fordecades,quantumcomputinghasbeenlittlemorethanalaboratorycuriosity.Now,bigtechcompanieshaveinvestedinquantumcomputing,ashavemanysmallerones.AccordingtoBusinessWeekly,quantummachinescouldhelpus“curecancer,andeventakestepstoturnclimatechangeintheoppositedirection.”Thisisthesortofhype(炒作)thatannoysJohnson.Heworriesthatresearchersaremakingpromisestheycan’tkeep.“What’snew,”Johnsonwrote,“isthatmillionsofdollarsarenowpotentiallyavailabletoquantumcomputingresearchers.”

Asquantumcomputingattractsmoreattentionandfunding,researchersmaymisleadinvestors,journalists,thepublicand,worstofall,themselvesabouttheirwork’spotential.Ifresearcherscan’tkeeptheirpromises,excitementmightgivewaytodoubt,disappointmentandanger,Johnsonwarns.Lotsofothertechnologieshavegonethroughstagesofexcitement.Butsomethingaboutquantumcomputingmakesitespeciallypronetohype,Johnsonsuggests,perhapsbecause“‘quantum’standsforsomethingcoolyoushouldn’tbeabletounderstand.”AndthatbringsmebacktoTaylor,whosuggestedthatIreadhisbookQforQuantum.

AfterIreadthebook,Taylorpatientlyansweredmyquestionsaboutit.HealsoansweredmyquestionsaboutPyQuantum,thefirmheco-foundedin2022.TaylorsharesJohnson’sconcernsabouthype,buthesaysthoseconcernsdonotapplytoPyQuantum.

Thecompany,hesays,iscloserthananyotherfirm“byaverylargemargin(幅度)”tobuildinga“useful”quantumcomputer,onethat“solvesanimpactfulproblemthatwewouldnothavebeenabletosolveotherwise.”Headds,“Peoplewillnaturallydiscountmyopinions,butIhavespentalotoftimequantitativelycomparingwhatwearedoingwithothers.”

CouldPyQuantumreallybeleadingallthecompetition“byawidemargin”,asTaylorclaims?Idon’tknow.I’mcertainlynotgoingtoadvisemyfriendoranyoneelsetoinvestinquantumcomputers.ButItrustTaylor,justasItrustJohnson.

31.RegardingJohnson’sconcerns,theauthorfeels______.

A.sympatheticB.unconcernedC.doubtfulD.excited

32.WhatleadstoTaylor’soptimismaboutquantumcomputing?

A.Hisdominanceinphysics.B.Thecompetitioninthefield.

C.HisconfidenceinPyQuantum.D.Theinvestmentoftechcompanies.

33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prone”inParagraph3mostprobablymean?

A.Open.B.Cool.C.Useful.D.Resistant.

34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.IsJohnsonMoreCompetentThanTaylor?

B.IsQuantumComputingRedefiningTechnology?

C.WillQuantumComputersEverComeintoBeing?

D.WillQuantumComputingEverLiveUptoItsHype?

其次節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)

依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

Healthandfitnesshelpapersonliveagoodandhealthylife.Oftenduetovariouspressures,wetendtoignoreourhealth.35Itisthefitnesslevelofourbodythathelpsusfightthesediseases.

36Weneedtobefittohaveahealthybody.Similarly,ifwearehealthyweshallnaturallybeattractedtowardsmaintainingthefitnessofourbody.Healthisthestateofourbodyatagiventime.Wemaynothaveanydiseasebutstillhaveaweakbody,whichisreadytobetargetedbyviruses.37Thisdoesnotdefinitelymeanthatwearenothealthy.Itmeansthefitnesslevelisnotinaccordancewithourageandtheclimaticconditionswelivein.

Itisimportantforeveryonetodevotesometimetohealthandfitness.38Forinstance,wemustexercisedailyregardlessofourageandworkingstyle.Therearedifferentlevelsofexercisesfordifferentagegroupsandwemustdothemaccordingtoourownhealthandage.

Additionally,itisimportanttorelaxourbody.Weshouldhaveatleastsixtoeighthoursofsleepeveryday.Ithelpsinimprovingourimmune(免疫)systemandprotectsusagainstdiseases.39This,inturn,givesusnewgoalsofhealthandfitness.

A.Fitnesslevelsdecidethequalityoflife.

B.Healthandfitnessareinterrelatedtoeachother.

C.Italsohelpsinkeepinguscalmandrelaxesourmind.

D.Forinstance,wemayhaveatendencytocatchacoldeasily.

E.Ifwekeepourbodyfit,wecanenjoylifeinabettermanner.

F.Therearesomeactivitieswhicheveryoneshoulddoinourlife.

G.Thismakesourbodysufferandwecatchlifestyleandotherdiseases.

第三部分書面表達(dá)(共兩節(jié)，32分)

第一節(jié)(共4小題;第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分)

閱讀下面短文，依據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。

Tom,a15-year-oldinventorandentrepreneur(創(chuàng)業(yè)者),witnessedathisownschoolthewidespreadconsumptionofsugarydrinksbykids.Heknewtherehadtobeabetterportabledrinksolutionanddecidedtoinnovatefromsomethinghesawinhisownhome:fruitinfused(浸泡)water.

Tomwatchedhismummakehealthyfruitinfusionsbutthenstruggleforatake-alongoption.Fromobservinghismumandfromhisdesiretogivekidsbetterdrinkoptions,hecameupwithhisoriginalmodelfortheFunBottle.“Iwantedtocomeupwithahealthy,naturalwayforpeopletodrinkwhenonthego.Abigpartofmymissionistogetpeopleofallagesoffsugarydrinks,”Tomexplains.

Thebottleismadewithastrainer(濾網(wǎng))thatallowsthegreattastesandnaturalsugarsofthevariousfruitsandvegetablesyouchoosetocomethroughthewater,withoutanyoftheseedsorskinsflowingthrough.

TomisproudofhisdesignandexcitedtobesellingtheFunBottleonhiswebsiteandinstores,butthis15-year-oldismostproudoftheopportunitiesthatFunBottlepresentstoothers.Ithelpstoprovidehealthyalternativestosugarydrinks;andalsoTomdonatespartoftheprofitstotheOrganisationforaHealthierGeneration(OHG).

Tomhasbeenawardedseveralprizes,butthisteenageinnovatorremainshumble.Whenaskedwhatadvicehe’dgiveotherentrepreneurialyouth,hesays,“Prepareandhaveyourfamily’ssupport.Itisimportanttoknowfromthebeginningthattherearealotofhighsandlows,andthereisnosuchthingasovernightsuccess.”

40.WhatdidTomwitnessathisownschool?

41.WheredidTomgettheideafortheoriginalmodelfortheFunBottle?

42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.

?TomismostproudoftheopportunitiesthatFunBottlepresentstoothersbecausehenotonlyprovideshealthyalternativestosugarydrinksbutalsodonatesalltheprofitstotheOHG.

43.AmongTom’squalities,whichone(s)doyouthinkwillbeimportantforus?Why?(Inabout40words)

其次節(jié)(20分)

假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三同學(xué)李華。你準(zhǔn)備邀請(qǐng)英國好友Jim為你們班做一關(guān)于英語寫作的線上閱歷溝通。請(qǐng)你用英文給他寫一封電子郵件，內(nèi)容包括：

1.建議溝通的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容及其緣由;

2.溝通時(shí)間和其他相關(guān)事項(xiàng)。

留意：1.詞數(shù)100左右;

2.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。

DearJim,

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,

LiHua

(請(qǐng)務(wù)必將作文寫在答題卡指定區(qū)域內(nèi))

2022年一般高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試(北京卷)

英語參考答案

第一部分學(xué)問運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，30分)

第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)

1.B2.D3.B4.C5.A

6.C7.D8.B9.A10.C

其次節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)

11.in12.toharm13.caught14.supported15.whether

16.has17.themselves18.which19.worse20.hasincreased

其次部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)

第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)

21.D22.B23.D24.C25.A

26.B27.C28.C29.A30.B

31.A32.C33.A34.D

其次節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)

35.G36.B37.D38.F39.C

第