2021屆天津市東麗區(qū)民族中學(xué)高三英語期末試卷及答案

2021屆天津市東麗區(qū)民族中學(xué)高三英語期末試卷及答案第一部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項AThefollowing4famouspaintings,fromJanvanEyck’sportraittoPabloPicasso’smasterpiece,havestoodthetestoftime.TheArnolfiniPortraitJanvanEyck’sArnolfiniPortrait,anoilpaintingonwoodproducedin1434,isundoubtedlyoneofthemasterpiecesintheNationalGallery,London.Thispaintingisasvisuallyinterestingasitisfamed.Itisalsoaninformativedocumentonfifteenth-centurysociety,throughvanEyck’sheavyuseofsymbolism-whilehusbandswentouttoengageinbusiness,wivesconcernedthemselveswithdomesticduties.TheStarryNightVincentvanGoghpaintedTheStarryNight,oiloncanvas,amoderatelyabstractlandscapepaintingofanexpressivenightskyoverasmallhillsidevillage,duringhis12-monthstayatthementalhospitalnearSaint-Remy-de-Provence,Francebetween1889and1890.WhentheMuseumofModernArtinNewYorkCitypurchasedthepaintingfromaprivatecollectorin1941,itwasnotwellknown,butithassincebecomeoneofvanGogh'smostfamousworks.TheHarvestersTheHarvestersisanoilpaintingonwoodcompletedbyPieterBruegeltheElderin1565.ItdepictstheharvesttimewhichmostcommonlyoccurredwithinthemonthsofAugustandSeptember.NicolaesJonghelinck,amerchantbankerandartcollectorfromAntwerp,commissionedthispainting.ThepaintinghasbeenattheMetropolitanMuseumofArtinNewYorkCitysince1919.GuernicaGuernica,alargeblack-and-whiteoilpainting,waspaintedbytheCubistSpanishpainter,PabloPicassoin1937.Thetitle‘Guernica’referstothecitythatwasbombedbyNaziplanesduringtheSpanishCivilWar.Thepaintingdepictsthehorrorsofwarandasaresult,hascometobeananti-warsymbolandareminderofthetragediesofwar.Today,thepaintingishousedattheMuseoNationalCentrodeArteReinaSofiainMadrid.Whatdothefourpaintingshaveincommon?A.Theyareoilpaintings. B.TheyarekeptinNewYork.C.Theyshowdifferentpeople’slives.D.Theyarecreatedduring10thcenturyto19thcentury.WhatdoweknowaboutTheStarryNight?Itshowsthesceneryofasmallhillsidevillage.VanGoghproduceditwhenlivinginhishome.Aprivatecollectorgaveitawaytothemuseum.Itwasnotfamousbefore1941.Whosepaintingshowsthedestructionofwar?A.JanvanEyck. B.VincentvanGogh. C.PieterBruegel. D.PabloPicasso.BPhotographerRebeccaDouglashasalwaysbeenfascinatedbythenightsky.HerloveforstarshastakentheU.K.residenton“starwalking”tripstoIcelandandintotheArctic,whereshestepsoutontodarkenedtrailstocapturetwinklingstarsandglowingplanetsinherimages.Hikingatnightisn’tuncommon.Plentyofpeoplehikeafterdarktogettocampsitesorwatchthesunrisefromamountaintop.Starwalkinggoesastepfurtherbyblendinghikingwithstargazing.Ratherthanheadingtoanobservatoryorsettingupatelescopeinyourbackyard,starwalkingtakesyouonabriefjourneytolookatthestarsfromdifferentviewpoints.Whetheryou’reinthemountainsideorbythelakewithstarsreflectingonthewater,starwalkingisoftenmuchmoredynamicthantraditionalstargazing.What’smore,starwalkingisgoodforyou.Thereareplentyofstudiesthatshowthehealthbenefitsofbeinginnature.Spendingatleasttwohoursaweekoutdoors,particularlywhileengaginginwhatinvolves“effortlessattention”,candecreasebloodpressure,heartrate,andstresslevels.Sohowdoesanaspiringstarwalkergetstarted?Itdoesn’ttakemuchmorethanasturdypairofboots.Whiletelescopesandbinocularsobviouslyhavetheiruses,peopleareencouragedtostartwithnaked-eyestargazing.Usingonlytheeyesallowsonetogetlostintheinfiniteexpanseofspaceandletsthemindgo.Itisadvisedthatonereaduponthenightskybeforeheadingout.Freemobileapps,suchasStarWalk2,canhelpidentifycelestialbodies（天體）andareeasytouse—simplypointyourphoneattheskytorevealamap.WebsiteslikeSky&TelescopeandNASA’sSpacePlacecoverthebasics,havein-depthexplanationsonstars,andofferadviceonequipment.SpacePlacepostsmonthlyskywatchingupdates,soyoucanplanoutingsaroundeventssuchasmeteorshowers.IntheUnitedStates,nationalparksaregreatoptionsforinexperiencednighthikers.Manyofferguidedoutingsthatexplaintheimportanceofprotectingnightskies.ThosewithagoodnumberofwalksundertheirbeltmaywanttotryGlacierNationalParkinMontana.Ifnationalparksandotherdark-skydesignatedareasareoutofrange,checklocalastronomyclubsandobservatoriesforguidedsessions.SitesliketheInternationalAstronomicalUnionareusefulforfindingresourcesbyarea.Attheendoftheday,thebestadviceistotakeitslowandenjoythejourney.“Withallofthechaos（混亂）that'shappeningaroundus,theoneconstanthasbeenthenightsky,"explainsDouglas,whohasbeenexploringpopularplacesnearby,longafterthecrowdshavegonehomefortheday.“Walkingisquiteamindfulwayoflookingupandbeingremindedthat,althougheverythingfeelssodifferent,somethingsarestillthesame.”Accordingtothepassage,starwalkingrefersto .goingtoanobservatorylookingatstarsinmountainscombininghikingandstargazingsettingupatelescopeinthebackyardOneofthereasonswhypeoplegoonastarwalkingisthat .it’seasiertoidentifycelestialbodiesitisgoodforphysicalandmentalhealththeycanenjoythejourneywithoutcrowdstheycanraiseawarenessofprotectingnightskiesAccordingtothepassage,astarwalkingbeginnerisadvisedto .prepareapairofstrongbootsstartbyobservingwithtelescopesjoinanastronomycluboranobservatoryfindguidedoutingswiththehelpofmobileappsThemainpurposeofthepassageisto .excitepeople’sinterestinstarwalkingrecommendsomeplacesforstarwalkingexplainthehealthbenefitsofstarwalkingintroducethepreparationsforstarwalkingCScientistsattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology（麻省理工學(xué)院）haveturnedspiderwebsintomusic——creatinganstrangesoundtrackthatcouldhelpthembetterunderstandhowthespidersoutputtheircomplexcreationsandevenhowtheycommunicate.TheMITteamworkedwithBerlin-basedartistTomasSaracenototake2D（two-dimensional）laser（激光）scansofaspiderweb,whichwerelinkedtogetherandmadeintoamathematicalmodelthatcouldrecreatethewebin3DinVR（virtualreality）.TheyalsoworkedwithMIT’smusicdepartmenttocreatethevirtualinstrument.“Eventhoughtheweblooksreallyrandom（隨機），thereactuallyarealotofinsidestructuresandyoucanvisualize（可視化）themandyoucanlookatthem,butit’sreallyhardtograspforthehumanimaginationorhumanbraintounderstandallthesestructuraldetails,”saidMITengineeringprofessorMarkusBuehler,whopresentedtheworkonMondayatavirtualmeetingoftheAmericanChemicalSociety.ListeningtothemusicwhilemovingthroughtheVRspiderwebletsyouseeandhearthesestructuralchangesandgivesabetterideaofhowspidersseetheworld,hetoldCNN.“Spidersusevibrations（振動）asawaytolocatethemselves,tocommunicatewithotherspidersandsotheideaofthinkingreallylikeaspiderwouldexperiencetheworldwassomethingthatwasveryimportanttousasspidermaterialscientists,”Buehlersaid.Spidersareabletobuildtheirwebswithoutshelvesorsupports,sohavingabetterideaofhowtheyworkcouldleadtothedevelopmentofadvancednew3Dprintingtechniques.“ThereasonwhyIdidthatisIwantedtobeabletogetinformationreallyfromthespiderworld,whichisveryweirdandmysterious,”Buehlerexplained.Inadditiontothescientificvalue,Buehlersaidthewebsaremusicallyinterestingandthatyoucanhearthesoundsthespidercreatesduringconstruction.“It’sunusualandeerieandscary,butfinallybeautiful.”hedescribed.WhathaveMITscientistsdoneaccordingtothepassage?Theyhavetranslatedspiderwebsintosounds.Theyhavemadeamathematicalmodeltoproducewebs.Theyhavecreatedasoundtracktocatchspiders.Theyhaveknownhowspiderscommunicate.Whatcanweknowaboutspiderwebsfromparagraph3?Theirstructuresarebeautifulandclear.ProfessorMarkusBuehlerknowsthemwell.TheAmericanChemicalSocietypresentstheresult.Theyarecomplexforpeopletofigureitout.Inwhichfieldwillthestudybehelpful?A.virtualreality B.printingC.painting D.film-makingWhatisthemainideaofthepassage?Ittellsusthatthemusiccreatedbyspidersisscary.Itshowshowtheresearcherscarryouttheexperiment.Itpresentsanewandcreativewaytostudyspiders.Itexplainswhyscientistsdidtheexperiment.DLasVegascityinNevadaisbuiltinadesert.Thecitymaybeknowntotheoutsideworldforitspartying.Butofficialshavefoundthatthereare21squarekilometersofuselessgrass.Thegrassisneverlaidon,playedonorevensteppedon.Thegrassisonlytheretolooknice.Now,thecityisaskingtheNevadastatelegislaturetobanuselessgrass.ItistryingtobecomethefirstplaceinAmericatobanthatkindofgrassoftenseenbetweenstreets,inhousingdevelopmentsandinofficeparks.Itisestimatedthatuselessgrassmakesup40%ofallthegrassinLasVegasanditneedsalotofwatertosurvive.Grassneedsfourtimesmorewaterthandryclimateplantslikecactus.Bytearingoutthegrass,thecitycouldreduceyearlywaterusageby15%.In2003,theSouthernNevadaWaterAuthoritybanneddevelopersfromplantinggrassinfrontofnewhomes.Italsoofferedhomeowners$30foreachsquaremeterofgrasstheytearout.Butfewerpeoplearenowusingtheprogram.WaterusagehasincreasedinsouthernNevadaby9%since2019.Andlastyear,LasVegaswentarecord240dayswithoutmajorrainfall.TheColoradoRiverprovidesmuchofNevada'sdrinkingwater.Therivercouldlosemorewaterasclimatechangeaffectsit.Waterofficialsinotherdrycitiessaidwaterusageneedstobereduced.ButtheyfearthereactiontoreformsliketheonesinLasVegasiftheircommunitiesdonotacceptthem.CynthiaCampbellisthewaterresourcesadviserforthecityofPhoenixinArizona.“Theremightcomeapointwhencityrestrictionsgettoosevereforsomeresidents.They'llsaythatisthepointofnoreturnforthem,”Campbellsaid.“Forsomepeople,it'sapool.Forsomepeople,it'sgrass.”WhydoesLasVegascitytrytobanuselessgrass?A.Toprotectthelocalpeople. B.Tobeautifythecity.C.Toreducewaterusage. D.Toreducewaste.WhatprogramwascarriedoutinLasVegasin2003?Allowingplantinggrassbeforenewhouses.Encouragingtheresidentstotearoutgrass.Praisingthosewhosignedontheprogram.Awardingthosewhoreducedwaterusage.WhatisimpliedinCampbell'swordsinthelastparagraph?Manyresidentswon'tfollowtheban.Reactiontothereformwillvarypersonally.Othermeasuresshouldbetakentoprotectwetter.Waterofficialsshouldtakemanyfactorsintoaccount.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.LasVegasPlanstoBanUselessGrassAMethodIsAdoptedtoSaveLasVegasChoicesbetweenBeautyandPracticeGrassIsImportantbutUselessinLasVegas第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項Handgesturescanbeusedtocommunicatewhilespeaking.Therearemanyuniversalhandsigns;suchasholdingupanindexfingertospeakorinterrupt,puttingafingertothelipstoaskforsilence.___16___.Buttherearesomehandgesturesthatmightmeansomethingdifferentinanothercountry.Manydifferences.___17___.Thisgestureconsistsofcreatingacirclewiththethumbandindexfingerwithotherfingersextended.InmostoftheEnglish-speakingcultures,itmeans‘ok’.InAustraliaitmeans‘zero’whileinmanyWesterncountriesitactuallymeans‘three’andinChinaitisawaytoindicate‘seven’.Gestureswithvariation.Thissignhastheindexandmiddlefingerextenduptomakea‘V’.Butthereisabigdifferenceinitsmeaningdependingonwhichwaythepalmisfacing.PalmFacingOut:___18___PalmFacingIn:Thesignisaninsultsimilartogivingthemiddlefinger,particularlyintheUKandSouthAfrica.Harmlessoroffensive?IntheUSA,thegestureofusingyourindexfingertobeckonsomeonetocometoyouisnotawelcomegestureinAsia.InthePhilippines,thisshouldonlybeusedtobeckondogs.___19___.___20___Ofcourseithelpstopreparebeforeyouvisitacountry.Butifyouforgetormakeasignoutofhabit,justremembertosmileandapologize.Andperhapswithanexplanation,mostpeoplewillbeunderstanding.A.Prepareandtakecare.BThemastersofhandgestures.Therearesomanywell-knowngestures.Itishighlyoffensivetouseitwithhumans.OriginallythissigncommunicatedVictory.Thesearegenerallyunderstoodallovertheworld.Thefollowinggesturehasmorethanjustonealternativemeaning.第二部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項Realfinancialsecurityandfreedomisnotinourjobbutinourpassion（激情）.It’seasytodecideand 21 amanbyhispursuit（追求）.Inlife,wealwaysdooneofthetwothings:eithermakingalivingormakinga 22 Pensionsandsalariesstopmanyfrompursuingexcellencewhilepassion 23 hiddenpotentialsthat 24 usforchallengesandchances.Ajobhelpsusmakealivingwhilepassionenablesustomakeadifference.Iwanttohelpchangethemisguided 25 amongworkersthatajobisameansoflivelihood.Rather,itshouldbeameansto 26 ourpassion.The 27 yourealizethetruthoflife,themoreclearlyyoucan 28 yourselfinlivingavaluablelife.ThesuccessofKFCshowshow 29 itistopursueyourpassioninsteadofyourpension.ItsfounderColonelSanders,didn’trealizethisuntilhereceivedhisfirstsocialsecurity 30 of105dollars.Buthedecidedthere 31 wassomethingtodoforhimselfandotherpeople 32 livingonthatsmallpension.Sohewas 33 todevotehimselftosome 34 things.Drawing 35 fromhismother'sspecialrecipeforfriedchicken,heinvented“finger-licking”seasoningwithelevenspicesand卜0「5$（草藥）.Regardlessofmuch 36 ,hemanagedtopromotethecompany’srapidexpansionto 37 6,000locations.Sanders’lifepointedtowardstwo 38 aboutmakingadifference:one,thereisnoagethatistoo 39 tomakeadifference;two,thereisnothingtoosmallor 40 tomakeadifferencewith,aslongasitisyourpassion.21.A.electB.greetC.evaluateD.think22.A.differenceB.fortuneC.listD.plan23.A.doesB.unlocksC.helpsD.folds24.A.getB.saluteC.leave D.equip25.A.tipB.equalityC.relief D.belief26.A.createB.fuelC.intend D.resign27.A.betterB.sharperC.earlierD.closer28.A.positionB.squeezeC.standD.adopt29.A.considerateB.potentialC.holyD.meaningful30.A.checkB.billC.note D.fine31.A.hardlyB.simplyC.merelyD.surely32.A.becauseofB.insteadofC.insearchofD.regardlessof33.A.designedB.appointedC.determinedD.strengthened34.A.valuableB.suitableC.reasonableD.comfortable35.A.virtueB.justiceC.inspirationD.admiration36.A.agreementB.consumptionC.rejectionD.sentence37.A.lessthanB.morethanC.otherthanD.betterthan38.A.factsB.principlesC.theoriesD.thoughts39.A.youngB.smartC.stupidD.old40.A.unconsciousB.insignificantC.unhappyD.incorrect第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式TheMontrealMuseumofFineArtsinCanadahasorganizedagroupofdoctorstohelpsickpeopleinthepastfewmonths.Thedoctorswillsendpatientstoartgalleries,insteadof___41.___(give)themmedicine.Themuseumisinvolvedintenexperimentsonpatientstofindouthowarthasaneffect 42. health.Thepatientsincludepeoplewithbreastcancer(乳腺癌),eatingdisordersandmentalhealth 43. (problem).ThomasBastien,directorofeducationandwellnessatthemuseum,believesthatartcanheal.Hesaid,“Wesawthatthemuseumwasgoodforpeople,sowe 44. (decide)tostartthisprogramwiththedoctorsafewmonthsago.Ifyouhavebreastcancer,youcancometothemuseumandyoumightfeelmuch 45. （well）”.DrHeleneBoyer, 46. hasalotofexperienceinhelpingtohealpeoplewitharttreatment,spokeaboutitsadvantages.Shesaid,“There’smoreandmorescientificevidencethatarttreatmentisgoodforyourphysicalhealth.”Shesaidthatlookingatartincreases 47. samekindsofhormones（激素）in 48. （we）bodiesthatareproducedwhenweexercise.Themuseum’sdirector-generalsaid,“Iam 49. （complete）surethatinthe21stcentury,artwillbewhatphysicalactivitywasforhealthinthe20thcentury.Iamvery 50. （confidence）init.”第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)短文改錯（滿分10分）51.假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號S）,并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均只限一詞；只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分。IhavebeenlearningEnglishsinceIaminprimaryschool,butthetruthwasthatIwasnotsogoodatlistening.NomatterhowhardlyItried,Icouldn’tunderstandclearlywhichmyEnglishteachersornativespeakerssaid.Oneday,IwassurfingtheInternetwhileanadvertisementforEnglishlisteningdrewyourattention.Tomyamaze,itwasawebsitewhererecordingofsomewell-knownbookswereprovided.Whenseethewebsite,Ifellinloveit,whichturnedouttobeveryuseful.NowIhavemadeaprogressinlistening.第二節(jié)書面表達（滿分25分）52.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Lyinginbedwithmyhusband,Gary,wewerereminiscing（懷舊）.Havingbeentogetherfor31years,wewerenowproudparentsto5children.Ourfoureldestkidshadflownawaytotheirownlife,andSamuel,inhisfinal