power made easy八月學(xué)習(xí)筆記版閱讀

SESSION40ORIGINSANDRELATED(Part1.money,andwhatitwillThemodernworldoperateslargelybymeansofapricestructure—wealthandpovertyarethereforewordsthatindicatethepossession,ontheonehand,orthelack,ontheother,ofmoney.Penury,fromLatinpenuria,need,neediness,isdire,abjectpoverty,completelackoffinancialresources.ItisoneofthetwostrongestEnglishwordstherearetodenoteabsenceofmoney.Theadjectiveform,penurious(p?-NYr′-ee-?sorp?-NR′ee-?s),strangelyenough,maymeanpoverty-stricken,butmorecommonlysignifiesstingy,close-fisted,niggardly;sosparingintheuseofmoneyastogivetheappearanceofpenurious[p?'nj??r??s]（貧困的 penurious[p?'nj??r??s]（貧困的 近近義詞： dire：veryseriousor leadtoconsequencesconsequencesabject?bd?ekt]unfortunateormiserable可 Penuriousisasynonymofparsimonious-s?-Mō′-nee-?s),butismuchstrongerinimplication.Aparsimonious isstingy;a istwiceasstingy.Penury,then,ispoverty;penuriousnessisstinginess, parsimony(PAHR′-s?-mō′-nee). poverty)isindigence(IN′-d?-j?ns).Indigent(IN′ penniless—theyaresimplylivinginreducedcircumstances,forgoingmanycreaturecomforts,dtoundergothetypeofhardshipsthatmaypanyalackofsufficientparsimoniousparsimonious 的（indigence[n]貧困-indigentOntheotherhand,aclosesynonymofandoneofequalstrength,isdestitution-t?-T′-sh?n).Destitute(DES′-t?-tt)peopledonotevenhavethemeansformeresubsistence—assuch,theyareperhapsonthevergeofstarvation.Penuryanddestitutionarenotmerelystraitenedcircumstances—theyaredownrightdesperatecircumstances.destitution=penurydestituteadj. 生存，在這里也可以替換成straitenedstreitnd]：financiallydistressed經(jīng)Toturnnowtothebrightersideofthethepossessionofmoney,especiallyinamounts,isexpressedbyaffluence(AF′-l-?ns).Affluent(AF′-l-?nt)people,peopleofaffluence,orthoselivinginaffluentcircumstances,aremorethancomfortable;inaddition,thereistheimplicationthattheirwealthisincreasing.Peoplewholiveinaffluenceprobablyownlargeandcostlyhomes,runbig,newcars,belongtoexpensivegolforcountryclubs,etc.affluence[n]richness富裕affluent['?fl??nt]富裕的→moneyflowingto -y?-l?ns),whichnotonlyimpliesmuchgreaterwealththanaffluence,butinadditionsuggestslavishexpendituresandostentatiouslysurroundings.Peopleofopulenceownestates;driveonlyoutrageouslyexpensiveandspeciallyequippedcars(Rolls-Royces勞斯萊斯,Mercedes-Benzes奔馳,Porsches保時(shí)捷,etc.);haveacorpsofservants,includingamajor-domo（=butler管家）;belongtogolfandyachtandcountryclubs,etc.,etc.Embroiderthefantasyasmuchasyouwishto.Opulent(OP′-y?-l?nt)maydescribepeople,surroundings,stylesoflife,orthelike.opulence['?pj?l(?)ns]富裕（affluent程度opulent embroiderembroiderAwithB:AembroidertheoriginalstorytomakeitmoreAffluentisacombinationoftheprefixad-,to,toward(changingtoaf-beforearootbeginningwithf),plustheLatinverbfluo,toflow—affluenceisthatdelightfulconditioninwhichmoneykeepsflowingtous,andnooneeverturnsoffthespigot.Otherwordsfromthesameroot,fluo,toflow,arefluid,influence,confluence(a“flowingtogether”),fluent(thewordsflowsmoothly),etc.opulentisfromLatinopulentus,wealthy.otherEnglishwordsderivefromthisfluidfluent2.ngandIfyouwatchafuriousathleticevent,andyougettired,thoughtheathletesexpendalltheenergy—that’svicariousfatigue.Furious狂怒的；激烈的（involvedwithlotsofenergyor vicariousv?'ke?r??s]間接感受的vicariouslyadv.Ifyourfriendgoesonabender,andasyouwatchhimabsorbonedrinkafteranother,youbegintofeelgiddyandstimulated,that’svicariousgoonabenderdrinklotsofalcohol /spending)spreegiddy['g?d?]令人眩暈的feelunsteadyandfeelnotwellbegiddywithexcitement/delight:feelsothatyoucan’tthinkorbehave【近】dazzling眼花繚亂的（強(qiáng)調(diào)燈光閃耀）intoxicationincajoleryIfyouwatchamotherinamotionpictureordramaticysufferhorriblyatthedeathofherchild,andyougothroughthesameagony,that’svicarioustorment.Youcanexperienceanemotion,then,inways:firsthand,throughactualparticipation;vicariously, ingempatheticallyin ’sSomepeople,forexample,leadessentiallydullandcolorlesslives.Throughtheirchildren,throughreadingorattendingthetheater,however,theycanexperiencealltheemotionsfeltbyotherswhoselivesmovealongataswift,excitingpace.Thesepeopleliveatsecondhand;theylivevicariously.3.timeisElephantsandturtleslivealmostforever;humanbeingsintheUnitedStateshavealifeexpectancyingeneralofsixty-eighttoseventy-sixyears(thoughthegradualconquestofdiseaseisconstantlylengtheningourspan);dogslivefromseventotenyears;andsomeinsectsexistonlyafewhoursorOnesuchshort-livedcreatureisthedayfly（蜉蝣,whichinGreekwascalledephemeraHenceanythingsoshort-lived,sounenduringthatitscarcelyseemstooutlasttheday,maybecalledoutlast:livelongerthan比……更持久ephemeral[?'fem(?)r(?)l]短暫的Asynonymofephemeralisevanescent(ev-?-NES′-?nt),fleeting,stayingforaremarkablyshorttime,vanishing.Somethingintangible,likeafeeling,maybecalledevanescent;it’shere,andbeforeyoucanquitecomprehendit,it’sgone—vanished.Thenounisevanescence(ev′-?-NES′-theverbistoevanesce(ev-?-Evanescentisbuiltontheprefixe-(ex-),out,therootvanesco,tovanis