2018年中考英語試題分類解析8：閱讀理解人物或故事類科普(答案解析)

專題08閱讀理解（人物或故事類、科普或環(huán)境保護類或健康類、社會現(xiàn)象或

歷史文化教育類）.【2018年江蘇省宿遷市】In2017,whenthehighspeedtrain.Furing,leftBeijingforshanghaiataspeedof350km/h,itamazedtheworld.ItisChina'snewesthigh-speedtrainandalsothefastesttrainintheworld.Therewere2,959high-speedtrainsrunningacrossChinaby2016.Theymakeup60percentoftheworldstotalhigh-speedtrains.Chinesecompanieshavealsobuiltmorethan10high-speedrailwaysinEurope,SoutheastAsiaandSouthAmerica.AndthehighspeedtrainshasbecomeanewnamecardforChina.Besidesthehigh-speedtrains,manyotherinnovations（創(chuàng)新）havealsochangedpeople'slivesinChina.Forexample,thoughbikesharingisnotnewitselfChinahasmadeitmuchmoreconvenient.Andpopular.WhentheChinesebikesharingcompaniesreachedSingaporeandBritainmonthsago,usersthereexcitedandcouldn'twaittopostphotosofthemselvesridingthebikesonsocialmedia（媒體）.CashlesspaymenthasbecomealifestylechoiceinChinaitiscommonthatpeopleinChinagoshoppingwithnocash（現(xiàn)金）inpockets.Manypeoplejustpaywiththeirbilephonesbyscanningaquickrespondcode（QR,二維碼）fromtheseller.EvenapersonsellingvegetableshasaQRcode.ManyforeignershaveexperiencedliveswithoutcarryinganycashinChina.Theysaytheycan'tdoitwhentheyarebackhomeinEurope.Chinaisnowinagreattime.IthasmadegreatachievementsininnovationTheyaretruepicturesofnationalstrength.ItseemsthatChinaisreallyleadinginsomeways.AndChinesepeoplehaveeveryreasontobelieveinanevenbrighterfuture.34.HowmanyexamplesarementionedtoshowChina'sachievementininnovationaccordingtothepassage?A.OneB.TwoC.ThreeD.Four35.Theunderlinedword“it”means.A.livinginChina B.buyingthingswithoutcarryinganycashC.havingQRcodes D.makingenoughmoneybyworkinghardThebesttitleforthepassagemightbe.A.ChinaleadsininnovationB.SciencedevelopsveryquicklyC.ChinafacesmanychancesD.Sciencecatchestheworld'sattention【答案】34.C35.B36.A【解析】試題分析：短文通過高速列車、共享單車和無現(xiàn)金支付三個例子，說明了中國的創(chuàng)新成就。.題意：文章列舉了多少個例子來說明中國的創(chuàng)新成就？考查文意理解題。根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，可知列舉了高速列車、共享單車和無現(xiàn)金支付三個例子，故選C。3、題意:下劃線的詞藝意思是"\考查詞義理解題。根據(jù)下文出口tp總邛1廿上。1淪3劭蟲叩ping■心nocashinpo^kets.可知是無現(xiàn)金支付品由：號酩paymm,故選30.題意:這篇文童最好的題目可能是 .考查細節(jié)理解題口A.ChinaLoadsininnovation中國引領(lǐng)創(chuàng)新：3.5由118d$包打pwveryqui比ly科學(xué)發(fā)展得很快：C.Ch^nimany:hancei中國面臨許多機會：D-邑亡旭力摩catche-s由號wMTmaumtjon科學(xué)引起全世界的注意。根據(jù)Itie-ansthatChinaisreally上adhg:n50m號vays.可知選Ac2.【2018年江蘇省宿遷市】MyfatherwasGerman,butheWorkedinEngland.Hemarriedmymother,whowasEnglish.HerfamilynamewasRobinson,sowhenIwasbornin632,inEngland,theycalledmeRobinson,afterher.MyfatherdidwellinhisbusinessandIwenttoagoodschool.Hewantedmetogetagoodjob,andliveaquiet,pleasantlife.ButIwantedadventureandanexcitinglife.“Iwanttobeasailorandgotosea",Itoldmymotherandfather.Theywereveryunhappyaboutthis.“Pleasedon'tgo."myfathersaid,"Youwon'tbehappyyouknow.Sailorshaveadifficultanddangerouslife."andbecauseIlovehim,andhewasunhappy,Itriedtoforgetaboutthesea.ButIcouldn'tforget,andaboutayearlater,Isawafriendintown.HisfatherhadaShipandmyfriendsaidtome,"wearesailingtoLondontomorrow.Whydon'tyoucomewithus.”O(jiān)nSeptember1",1651,IwenttoHullandthenextdaywesailedforLondon.But,afewdayslater,therewasastrongwind.Theseawasroughanddangerous,andtheshipwentupanddownupanddown.Iwasveryill,andwasveryafraid.“Oh,Idon'twanttodie!”Icried,“Iwanttolive!IfIlive,Iwillgohomeandnevergotoseaagain!”Thenextdaythewindstopped,andtheseawasquietandbeautifulagain.Well,Robinson,myfriendlaughed,"Howdoyoufeelnow?Thewindwasn'ttobad.”“What!”Icried."Itwasaterriblestorm.”“Oh,thatwasn'tastorm,"myfriendanswered,"justalittlewind.Forgetit,comeandhaveadrink.”Afterafewdrinkswithmyfriend,Ifeltbetter.Iforgotaboutthedanger,anddecidednottogohome.Ididn'twantmyfriendandfamilytolaughatme!IstayedinLondonforsometime,butIstill,wantedtogotothesea.So,whenthecaptain"g長）ofashipaskmetogowithhimtoGuineainAfrica,Iagreed,AndsoIwenttotheseaforthesecondtime.Itwasagoodship,andeverythingwentwellatfirst,butIwasveryillagain.ThenwhenwewereneartheCanaryIslands,aTurkishpirate（海盜）shipcameafterus.Theywerefamousthievesoftheseaatthattime.Therewasalong,hardfight,butwhenitfinished,weandtheshipwereprisoners.TheTurkishcaptainandhismentookustoSalleeinMorocco.Theywantedtosellusasslaves（奴隸）inthemarket.Butintheend,theTurkishcaptaindecidedtokeepmeforhimself,andtookmehomewithhim.Thiswasasuddenandterriblechangeinmylife.ThisTurkishcaptainwasnowmymaster.WhydidRobinsonforgetabouttheseaatthebeginning?Because he hadno moneytoownashipBecause he hasted tolive adangerous lifeBecause he wanted tomake hisparents happyBecause he looked forward togettingagoodjobWhichistherighttimeorderofwhathappenedinthestory?a.OneofRobinson'sfriendsinvitedhimtosailtoLondonb.TheTurkishcaptaintookRobinsonhomec.AcaptainaskedRobinsontogowithhimtoGuinead.Robinsondrankwithhisfriende.Alongandhardfighthappeneda-d-c-e-bB.d-a-c-e-bC.a-c-b-e-dD.d-c-a-b-e43.WhatdidRobinsonthinkofhisseajourney?A.EverythingwasfineB.TheseawasquietallthetimeC.ThewindwasweakD.Sealifewasdangerousattimes44.WhotookRobinsontoSalleeinMorocco?A.theTurkishCaptainB.hisfriendC.thecaptainofashipD.hisfather45.Whatcanweinfer（推斷）fromthepassage?A.RobinsonwantedtoservetheTurkishRobinsonlivedhappilywiththeTurkishcaptainRobinsonbecameaslavetotheTurkishcaptainRobinsonmadefriendswiththeTurkishcaptain【答案】41.C42.A43.D44.A45.C【解析】試題分析：短文講述了魯濱遜的兩次航海經(jīng)歷，充滿了危險，第二次遭遇了海盜被俘，他成為土耳其船長的奴隸。.題意：為什么魯濱孫起初忘記了大海？考查細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)andbecauseIlovehi叫andhewasunhappy,Itriedtoforgetaboutthesea.，可知魯濱遜愛自己的父母，想讓他們高興，故選C。.題意：故事發(fā)生的時間順序是什么？考查細節(jié)理解題。a.OneofRobinson’sfriendsinvitedhimtosailtoLondon魯濱孫的一個朋友邀請他去倫敦航行。b.TheTurkishcaptaintookRobinsonhome土耳其船長帶魯濱孫回家。c.AcaptainaskedRobinsontogowithhimtoGuinea船長請魯濱孫和他一起去幾內(nèi)亞。d.Robinsondrankwithhisfriend魯濱孫和他的朋友一起喝酒。e.Alongandhardfighthappened一場漫長而艱苦的戰(zhàn)斗發(fā)生了。根據(jù)短文的敘述，魯濱孫先是在鎮(zhèn)上遇到一個朋友，朋友邀請他去倫敦航行……途中了遭遇海盜……最后土耳其船長帶魯濱孫回家。可知a-d-c-e-b正確，故選A。.題意：魯濱孫認為他的海上旅行怎么樣？考查細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Itwasaterriblestorm.，可知海上旅行很危險，故選D。.題意：誰把魯濱孫帶到了摩洛哥的Sallee？考查細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheTurkishcaptainandhismentookustoSalleeinMorocco.，可知是土耳其船長，故選A。.題意：從這篇文章中我們能推斷出什么？考查綜合理解題。A.RobinsonwantedtoservetheTurkish魯濱孫想為土耳其人效勞。B.RobinsonlivedhappilywiththeTurkishcaptain魯濱孫和土耳其船長幸福地生活在一起。C.RobinsonbecameaslavetotheTurkishcaptain魯濱孫成了土耳其船長的奴隸。D.RobinsonmadefriendswiththeTurkishcaptain魯濱孫和土耳其船長交了朋友。根據(jù)最后一句ThisTurkishcaptainwasnowmymaster.，可知魯濱孫成了土耳其船長的奴隸，故選C。3.【2018年江西中考】Ayoungwomanturnsaroundandaroundquickly,andjumpshigh.Inthebackground,ayounggirlreadsarejection（拒絕）letterfromaballetschool.Youhavethewrongbodyforballet,'itsays,'andatthirteen,youaretooold.Thiswasoneofthemostpopularadvertisements（廣告）of2014anditdescribesAmericanballetTheatre'sprincipal（主要的）dancerMistyCopeland.Thiswasnotarealletter.ButCopelandsaysitisverysimilartolettersfromherchildhood.Whilemanydancersstartattheageofthree.Copelandonlybegantostudyballetin1995asathirteen-year-old.Peopleoftentoldherthatshewastooold,orthatshedidn'thavetheperfectbodytype（Sheisonly157cmtall）.Herfamilymovedalot,anditwassometimesdifficultforhertoattendballetclasses.ButCopelandloveddancinganddidnotwanttogiveup.Shestayedwithherballetteacherduringtheweekandspenttimewithherfamilyonlyattheweekend.Thiswasadifficultlife,butsheworkedhardandwonherfirstnationalcompetitionwhenshewasfourteenyearsold.CopelandjoinedtheAmericanBalletTheatrein2000andperformedinmanyballetsoverthenextfewyears.In2007,shebecameasolo（單獨的）performer,andin2015shebecameitsprincipaldancer.Copelandisnowadancer,authorandBroadwayperformer.Shealsostarsinthe2015filmABallerina'sTale.Sowhat'snext?AccordingtoCopeland,anythingispossible:"Mycareer（職業(yè)）reallyisjustnowbeginning.'HowoldwasCopelandwhenshebecametheprincipaldancer?A.13142533WhywasitdifficultforCopelandtoattendballetclasses?Becauseherfamilymovedalot.Becauseshewasnotagooddancer.Becauseshehadnoinvitationletter.Becauseshehadthewrongbodytype.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?Copelandbecamesuccessfulbecauseoftheadvertisement.Copelandhadtospendalotoftimeawayfromherparents.Copelandwonherfirstnationalcompetitionasasoloperformer.CopelandhasendeduphercareerasanactressonBroadway.What'sthewriter'sopinionofCopeland?Copelandsetsanexamplewhonevergivesup.Copelandwastoooldtostartballetatthirteen.Copelandhasmadeherachievementsbyaccident.Copelandwasluckytogetsupportfromtheballetschool.【答案】37.D38.A39.B40.A【解析】試題分析：這是一篇記敘文，講述了曾經(jīng)因為年齡太大被舞蹈學(xué)校拒絕的科普蘭憑借自己的努力成為了一名舞蹈家、作家和百老匯演員。詮釋了一切皆有可能的道理。37.題意：當(dāng)她成為首席舞蹈家時，科普蘭有多大年紀？考查細節(jié)理解和數(shù)字理解題。根據(jù)第二段第三行Copelandonlybegantostudyballetin1995asathirteen-year-old.1995年她13歲，結(jié)合段尾andin2015shebecameitsprincipaldancer.2015年成為首席舞蹈家，可知2015—1995+13=33,故選D。3S.題意：為什么科普蘭很難參加芭蕾舞裸？考查細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HerfamiAmoveda：ot:andIfdiffforhertoattendcasses.,可知她老師耀家導(dǎo)致很難去上芭蕾舞課,故選三.題意：根據(jù)文童，下列哪一項是正確的勺考查細節(jié)理解題口A.Coplandbecameiucceiifu：be-causeofthe因為廣告,科普蘭成功了口B.Coplandhadto5pe-nda'otof fromheipare-nti,科普蘭不得不花很多時間離開父母＜■C.Coplandvonli?tfirstnatxna'compex：vonasa二口:口口出加舊上作為一位獨奏演員、科普蘭贏得了她的第一次全國比寒口3.CoplandhasGildeduph?rcartelasanam號瓷on”.科普蘭結(jié)束了她在百老匯的女演員生'涯口根據(jù)Sh"stayedwithhetbal'etteacherdurinsthev至kandspoilttimewithhsrfamiS-on：vatthe冒食keiid.,可知她不得不花很多盹間離開父母,故選30.題意：作者對Copeland的看法是什么？考查細節(jié)理解題。A.Copelandsetsanexamplewhonevergivesup.科普蘭樹立了一個永不放棄的榜樣。B.Copelandwastoooldtostartballetatthirteen.科普蘭年紀太大，不能在十三歲開始芭蕾舞。C.Copelandhasmadeherachievementsbyaccident.科普蘭意外地取得了成就。D.Copelandwasluckytogetsupportfromtheballetschool.科普蘭很幸運得到芭蕾舞學(xué)校的支持。根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，雖然作者寫道她跳芭蕾較晚，但這不是作者的觀點而是別人的看法，作者講述的是Copeland面對困難永不言棄的經(jīng)歷，可知選A。點睛：對于閱讀理解題，首先要粗讀文章了解大意，其次通過細讀，理解全文。在粗讀的基礎(chǔ)上，仔細閱讀題后所給的題目，根據(jù)題目要求，再有重點地返回來仔細閱讀。在閱讀理解的題目中，所設(shè)問題主要有以下幾種方式：找主題或概括文章的中心思想、就文中的具體事實和情節(jié)進行提問、根據(jù)文章的表層意思進行深層次的推理判斷等，在細讀時，要根據(jù)設(shè)問的方式，進行有側(cè)重地閱讀。1、概括文章中心思想。1）文首呈現(xiàn)主題句。2）文尾出現(xiàn)主題句。3）首尾呼應(yīng)展現(xiàn)主題。4）文中表述主題。前面提出問題，文中的主題由隨之陳述的細節(jié)或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導(dǎo)出，而后再做進一步的解釋。5）文章沒有主題句。在這種情況下，考生要把所有的細節(jié)綜合起來。進行邏輯推理，概括歸納出文章的主題句。2.掌握文章的具體事實和重要情節(jié)。在考題中，經(jīng)常會見到就文章中某一具體事實和重要情節(jié)進行測試的題目。這就要求考生在閱讀時要注意辨認和記憶具體事實，重要情節(jié)，事物的起因、過程、結(jié)果及發(fā)生的地點、時間等，這些都有可能作為測試點。還有一些測試題，要求考生在理解的基礎(chǔ)上，通過自己的思維將理解的內(nèi)容系統(tǒng)化，比如計算、排序等題型。4.【2018年江西中考】Manypeoplesaydolphinsareintelligent.Theyseemtobeabletothink,understandandlearnthingsquickly.Butaretheyassmartashumans,oraretheymorelikecatsanddogs?Dolphinsusetheirbrainsquitedifferentlyfromthewayhumansdo.Butscientistssaydolphinsandhumansareverysimilarinsomeways.How?Likehumans,everydolphinhasitsown"name”.Thenameisaspecialwhistle（哨聲）.Eachdolphinchoosesaspecific（特有的）whistleforitself,usuallybyitsfirstbirthdayDolphinsarelikepeopleinotherways,too.They"talk"toeachotheraboutalotofthings-suchastheirage,theirfeelings,andfindingfood.Theyalsouseasystemofsoundsandbodylanguagetocommunicate.Understandingdolphinconversationisnoteasyforhumans.Noone"speaksdolphin"yet,butsomescientistsaretryingtolearn.Dolphinsarealsosocialanimals.Theyliveingroupscalledpods,andtheyoftenjoinothersfromdifferentpodstoplaygamesandhavefun--justlikepeople.Scientistsbelieveplayingtogetherissomethingonlyintelligentanimalsdo.Dolphinsandhumansaresimilarinanotherway:bothspeciesmakeplansforgettingthingstheywant.IntheseasofsouthernBrazil,forexample,dolphinsuseanintelligentplantogetfood.Whentherearefishnearaboat,dolphinssignal（發(fā)信號）tothefishermentoputtheirnetsinthewater.Usingthismethod,themencancatchalotoffish.Whydodolphinshelpthemen?Thereisanadvantageforthemtheygettoeatsomeofthefishthatescape（逃脫）fromthenet.Whatisadolphin's“name”？Itisakindofgame.Itisabodysign.Itisadolphin'sage.Itisaspecificsound.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“others“referto?Otherfishes.OtherpeopleOtherdolphinsOthergamesWhatcanweinferfromthepassage?Somescientistscanunderstanddolphinssystemofsounds.Dolphinsprobablyhelpfishermenbyusingtheirbodylanguage.Humansjoindolphins'groupstogetthingswewant.Dolphinscantalktohumansabouttheirageandtheirfeelings.What'sthemainideaofthepassage?Dolphinscancommunicatewitheachotheratbirth.Dolphinsaresocialanimalsbecausetheyplaytogether.Dolphinsaresmartandarelikehumansinsomeways.Dolphinshelphumansdomanythingslikecatchingfish.【答案】41.D42.C43.B44.C【解析】試題分析：這是一篇說明文，文章主要講述了海豚在各方面與人類的相似點。.題意：海豚的名字是什么？考查細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Thenameisaspecialwhistle,可知是一種特殊的哨音，故選D。.題意：劃線詞“others”指的是什么？考查詞義理解題。根據(jù)Dolphinsarealsosocialanimals.Theyliveingroupscalledpods,andtheyoftenjoinothersfromdifferentpodstoplaygamesandhavefun--justlikepeople.,可知指的是其他的海豚，故選C。.題意：從這篇文章中我們能推斷出什么？考查推理判斷題。A.Somescientistscanunderstanddolphinssystemofsounds.一些科學(xué)家能理解海豚的聲音系統(tǒng)。B.Dolphinsprobablyhelpfishermenbyusingtheirbodylanguage.海豚可能通過使用他們的肢體語言來幫助漁民。C.Humansjoindolphins'groupstogetthingswewant.人類加入海豚團體來獲得我們想要的東西。D.Dolphinscantalktohumansabouttheirageandtheirfeelings.海豚可以和人類談?wù)撍麄兊哪挲g和情感。根據(jù)Whentherearefishnearaboat,dolphinssignaltothefishermentoputtheirnetsinthewater.Usingthismethod,themencancatchalotoffish.,可知海豚可能會通過使用他們的肢體語言來幫助漁民捕魚，故選B。.題意;這篇文童的主要思想是什么?考查主旨理解題。A.Dauphinscancommimicatewi±?a<hoteathtth.海監(jiān)可以在出生時互相交流/文中沒有提及atb1由，故說法錯誤口3.Polphxsaresocialanimalsbecau竟由看plaFmgttha■.海豚是群居動物，因為它們在一起玩耍；這是結(jié)果而非原因」故說法錯誤口0.Dolphinsaresmartand盯匕醍humansinsom?曾遍三.海豚是聰明的，在某些方面就像人類一樣；根據(jù)ButscienLstssaydoiphimandhumansarezcrv蟲m:aiin3clmtvavs.可知說法正確口D.Dc^phinshEphumansdomany曲電"i蹌etching才依海豚幫助人類做很多事情，比如捕魚？文中沒有提到海豚能幫助人類做很多事情，可知說法錯誤。根據(jù)以上分析，故選C,5.【2018年江西中考】Everyyearon15thOctober,over200millionpeoplearoundtheworldtakepartinGlobalHandwashingDay.Butwhydowehaveadayforsomethingwedoallthetime?Well,researchshowsthatnotenoughpeopleoftenwashtheirhandswithsoap.Expertsbelievethatthisleadstothedeathsofmillionsofpeopleeveryyear.Sidibe,apublichealthexpertsayssoapisthemostbeautifulinventioninpublichealth'.Washingyourhandswithsoapcanhaveahugeimpactonreducing（減少）thespreadofdiseases.Handwashingwithsoappreventsbabiesfromgettingillandkeepschildrenhealthyandinschool.However,washinghandswithsoapdoesnothappenasoftenasyoumightthink.Thisispartlybecausetherearen'tenoughresources（資源）inpoorercountries,butit'salsobecauseformanypeople,handwashingissimplynotpartoftheireverydaylife.It'snoteasytogetpeopletochangehabitstheylearnedinearlychildhood--butthisiswhatGlobalHandwashingDaywantstodo.In2008,theIndiancricketteamjoinedaround100millionIndianschoolchildreninwashingtheirhandstopromote（促進）thefirsteverGlobalHandwashingDay.Everyyearsincethen,manydifferenteventshavebeenheldaroundtheworld.In2014.GlobalHandwashingDaywasusedinthefightagainstEbola,averyseriousdisease,witheventsheldinaffected（受感染的）Africancountries.Today,localandnationalleaderscontinuetousethedaytospreadthemessageabouttheimportanceofcleanhands.Thehopeisthathandwashingbecomesanecessarypartofpeople'slivesandimprovesthehealthofmillionsaroundtheworld.WhostartedGlobalHandwashingDay?Publichealthexperts.TheIndians.Africanschoolchildren.Governmentleaders.Whatdoestheunderlinedword""impact"mean?A.Danger.B.Influence.C.Background.D.Problem.What'sthemainideaofthelastparagraph?Washinghandswithsoapisgoodforpublichealth.Washinghandswithsoapdoesn'tbecomepartofpeople'slives.Peopleareholdingmanydifferenteventstofightagainstdiseases.Peopleallovertheworldareencouragedtowashhandswithsoap.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?LearningtoUseSoap.FightingAgainstDiseases.LivingaHealthyLife.ChangingYourHabits.【答案】45.B46.B47.D48.A【解析】試題分析：這是一篇說明文，文章主要講述了全球洗手日對清潔雙手的促進作用，借全球洗手日來表現(xiàn)清潔雙手對人體健康的重要意義。.題意：誰開始了全球洗手日？考查細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段In2008,theIndiancricketteamjoinedaround100millionIndianschoolchildreninwashingtheirhandstopromotethefirsteverGlobalHandwashingDay.目的是促進第一個GlobalHandwashingDay，可知選B。.題意：下劃線單詞“impact”是什么意思？考查詞義理解題。根據(jù)第二段Washingyourhandswithsoapcanhaveahugeimpactonreducingthespreadofdiseases.Handwashingwithsoappreventsbabiesfromgettingillandkeepschildrenhealthyandinschool.減少疾病傳播是好事，可排除AD兩項；而C項說的是背景，不合文意，故選B。.題意：最后一段的主要內(nèi)容是什么？考查細節(jié)理解題。A.Washinghandswithsoapisgoodforpublichealth.用肥皂洗手有益于公眾健康。B.Washinghandswithsoapdoesn'tbecomepartofpeople'slives.用肥皂洗手不會成為人們生活的一部分。C.Peopleareholdingmanydifferenteventstofightagainstdiseases.人們正在舉行許多不同的事件來對抗疾病。D.Peopleallovertheworldareencouragedtowashhandswithsoap.世界各地的人們都被鼓勵用肥皂洗手。根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容，講的是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)繼續(xù)使用GlobalHandwashingDay，傳播洗手的重要性，可知選D。.題意：這篇文章最好的標題是什么？考查主旨理解題。A.LearningtoUseSoap.學(xué)習(xí)使用肥皂；符合文意，說法正確。B.FightingAgainstDiseases.對抗疾病；不合文意，說法錯誤。C.LivingaHealthyLife.過上健康的生活；范圍過大，不合實際，說法錯誤。D.ChangingYourHabits.改變你的習(xí)慣；范圍過大，不合實際，說法錯誤。根據(jù)文意，講的是GlobalHandwashingDay，強調(diào)用水洗手的重要性，故選A?！?018年內(nèi)蒙古包頭市中考】Oneday,astwolittleboyswerewalkingalongtheroad,theypassedawomancarryingalargebasketofapples.Theboysthoughtthewomanlookedverypaleandtired,sotheysaid,“Areyougoingtotown?Ifyouare,wewillcarryyourbasket.""Thankyou,"repliedthewoman,Thenshetoldthemthatshehadadisabledson.Shelivedinasmallhousethreemilesaway,andwasnowgoingtothemarkettoselltheappleswhichgrewontheonlytreeinherlittlegarden.Sheneededthemoneyfortheirliving."Wearegoingthesamewayyouare,"saidtheboysandtheytookholdofthebasket,oneoneachside,andtrudgedalongwithmerryhearts.Thepoorwomanlookedglad,andsaidthatshehopedtheirmotherwouldnotbeangrywiththem."Oh,no,"theyreplied,"ourmotherhastaughtustobekindtoothers,andtobeusefulinanywaythatwecan."Thewomanthenofferedtogivethemafewapplesfortheirhelp."No,thankyou.Wewantnothingforwhatwehavedone,"saidtheboys.Whenthewomangothome,shetoldhersonwhathadhappenedontheroad,andtheywerebothmadehappierthatdaybythekindnessofthetwoboys.Anotherday,thewomansawhissonstopandpickupapieceoforangepeel,whichhethrewintothedustbin."Iwishpeoplewouldnotthroworangepeelonthesidewalk,"saidtheson.“Someonemaywalkuponit,andfall.”“Thatisright,mydear,”shesaid."Itisalittlethingforyoutodowhatyouhavedone,butitshowsthatyou'rethoughtfulandconsiderate."34.Whydidthetwoboyshelpthewomancarrythebasket?Theywantedtoeatsomeapples.Theirteachertoldthemtodothat.Theirmothertaughtthemtobehelpful.Theywereaskedbythewomantohelpher.35.WhichofthefollowingsentencesisTrue?Thewomanhadalotofappletreesinhergarden.Everyonecanbeginwithsmallthingstohelpothers.Thewomandidn'thavemoneytosendhersontoschool.Poorpeoplewereinneedofmorehelpthanrichpeople.Inthethirdparagraph,theunderlinedword"trudged"iscloseinmeaningto.walkeddancedJumpedclimbedWhatcanbeatitleforthepassage?ABasketofApplesMotherandHerSonSmallActofKindnessOntheWaytotheTown【答案】34.C35.B36.A37.C1解析】文章大意：本文講述了兩個小男孩在路上幫助一位婦人背蘋果到市場去，這位婦人非常感謝他們,并提出給他們幾個蘋果，但兩個男孩謝絕了。婦人回冢后把這件事告訴了般的殘疾兒子。然后有一天，婦人看見他的兒子撿起了一塊橘子皮扔進了垃圾箱,并且說「希望人們不要在人行道上仍橘子皮，有人可能會踩到它,然后摔倒Z婦人告訴兒干做得對，并表揚了兒子..細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中的句子ourmotherhastaughtustobekindtoothers,andtobeusefulinanywaythatwecan.可知，是他們的媽媽教他們要樂于助人，故答案選C。.推理判斷題。A、這個女人的花園里有很多蘋果樹。根據(jù)andwasnowgoingtothemarkettoselltheappleswhichgrewontheonlytreeinherlittlegarden.可知A選項錯誤；B、每個人都可以從小事做起來幫助他人。根據(jù)ourmotherhastaughtustobekindtoothers,andtobeusefulinanywaythatwecan.以及Itisalittlethingforyoutodowhatyouhavedone,butitshowsthatyou'rethoughtfulandconsiderate.可知B選項是正確的；C、那個女人沒有錢送兒子上學(xué)。通讀文章的第二段可知本文只是告訴我們那個女人有一個殘疾兒子，而且她的生活很拮據(jù)，但并沒有告訴我們那個女人沒有錢送兒子上學(xué)，故C選項錯誤；D、窮人比婦人需要更多的幫助。通讀全文可知文中并沒有提到這樣的話題，所以D選項錯誤；本題是問哪一個句子是正確的，故答案選B。.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)"Wearegoingthesamewayyouare,"saidtheboysandtheytookholdofthebasket,oneoneachside,andtrudgedalongwithmerryhearts.“我們和你走的是同一條路”，孩子們說著，抓住籃子，兩邊各一個，心情愉快地—，由語境可知孩子們是一邊一個抬著籃子愉快地向前走去，故答案選A。.標題歸納題。通讀全文可知本文是講述了兩個小男孩幫助幫助一位婦人背蘋果到市場去，婦人很感激他們。回家后婦人把這件事告訴了她自己的兒子，她的兒子受其影響把路邊的橘子皮撿起來仍進了垃圾桶。他們所做的都是微不足道的小事，所以選項C“小小的善舉”符合題意，故答案選C?！?018年內(nèi)蒙古包頭市中考】Helloandwelcometo"WordsandTheirStories".Wewillresearchintosomecommonlyusedwordsandexpressions.Aswithotherlanguages,AmericanEnglishisrichinexpressionsthatcomefromanimals.Todaywewilltalkaboutthewolf.WolvesareimportantanimalsinthetraditionsandstoriesofAmerica.BeforetheEuropeansarrivedatnorthAmericainthe1500s,tonative（土著的）Americans,wolvesoftenmeantbeingbrave.However,inEnglish,wolvesarenottobetrusted.Perhapswolvesattackedtoomanypeopleoratetoomanyfarmanimals.Whateverthereason,wolveswerekilledinmanyplaces.Somanydiedthattheyalmostbecameendangered.Theyalsobecameknownasbadanimals.Tobeginwith,thereisanexpressionlonewolfIfwecallsomebodyalonewolf,heisn'tabadperson,buthemayliketodothingsbyhimself.Infact,hesometimesmakesyouthinkhedoesn'twanttobearoundpeoplebecausehedislikesthem.Now,let'smoveontothehome.Parentstelltheirchildrennottowolfdowntheirfood.Inotherwords,thechildeatstooquicklyandwithoutcare.Andifsomeonesaysachildwasraisedbywolves,thatchildhasbadmannersandisbehavinglikeawildanimal.Awolfcallisthenoisemadebyamantoshowthathelikesthe way awomanlooks. Butawolfcallisnotanicething.Thesemensoundrude.Andtrustme, most womenreallyhate wolfcalls.So,theydon'thelpamaninthegameoflove.Bytheway,thereisapopularexpressionaboutwolffroma very old story:awolf insheep'sclothingAwolfinsheep'sclothingdescribessomeonewho acts and looksniceon theoutsidebutisbadontheinside.Ittellsusnottobefooledbyappearances.Whatcanweknowafterreadingthepassage?Wolvesaredangerousandshouldbekilledinordertoprotectotheranimals.OnlyinAmericanEnglishcanweexpecttofindexpressionsaboutwolves.Indifferentareasandtimes,wolvesmakepeoplethinkofdifferentthings.NobodylivedinnorthAmericabeforetheEuropeanswentthereinthe1500s.Ifapersoniscalledalonewolfwhichofthefollowingthingsishemostlikelytodo?A.Helpingclassmatestofinishhomework.Stealingmoneyifnobodyiswatching.Makingmanyfriendswithpeoplearound.Goingtoseeamovieonhisownafterschool.Whichofthefollowingexpressionscanbeusedonastudentwhooftenbreaksschoolrules?A.Alonewolf.Raisedbywolves.Wolfcall.Awolfinsheep'sclothing.Whereisitpossibleforustofindthepassageabove?Abookfortravelguide.Amagazineontradeandbusiness.Asciencereport.AprogramforEnglishlearning.【答案】38.C39.D40.B41.D【解析】文章大意：本文主要講述了一些關(guān)于狼的習(xí)慣用語和故事。.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WolvesareimportantanimalsinthetraditionsandstoriesofAmerica.BeforetheEuropeansarrivedatnorthAmericainthe1500s,tonativeAmericans,wolvesoftenmeantbeingbrave.以及However,inEnglish,wolvesarenottobetrusted.Perhapswolvesattackedtoomanypeopleoratetoomanyfarmanimals.…Theyalsobecameknownasbadanimals.可知C選項“在不同的地區(qū)和時代，狼讓人們想到不同的東西”符合題意，故答案選C。.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Ifwecallsomebodyalonewolf,heisn'tabadperson,buthemayliketodothingsbyhimself.可知D選項“放學(xué)后自己去看電影”符合題意，故答案選D。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)Andifsomeonesaysachildwasraisedbywolves,thatchildhasbadmannersandisbehavinglikeawildanimal.可知，一個被狼養(yǎng)大的孩子，那么他的行為舉止就像野獸一樣，由此可以推知像這樣的孩子在學(xué)校應(yīng)該是經(jīng)常違反校規(guī)的，故答案選Bo.文章出處題。根據(jù)Helloandwelcam?to''WordsandTheirStorLei".WewillresearchintosomecommonlyusedwardsandexpreEEicms..Aswithothsrlanguages：AmerWan三ng二shisrichine-xpressionsthatcome-fromanimak可知，本文可能在一本英語學(xué)習(xí)計劃里能找到，故答案選D。8.【2018年內(nèi)蒙古包頭市中考】PossibleEarth-LikePlanetNextDoor?Scientistssaytheydiscoveredanearth-likeplanetoutsideoursolarsystem（太陽系）.Itisaplanetthatcouldsupportlife.Thisplanetisjust4.2lightyearsawayfromus.Itissoclosethatspacescientistshaveconsidereditasanextdoorneighbor.Theysayitcouldbereachedbyanunmannedspaceshipbeforetheendofthe century--in timeforpeoplealivetodaytosee it.Aninternationalteam ofscientists foundtheplanetmovingaroundthe starcalled ""ProximaCentauri".Theresult cameoutlast monthfromthescientificmagazine Nature.Scientistshavelongthoughtthataplanetwithwaterisimportantforlife.Andithastobeneithertoohotnortoocold.Thenewly-discoveredplanetisalittlelargerthanearthScientistshavenameditProximaB.Itmovesarounditssun,ProximaCentauri,onceevery11days.Americanscientistshavebeenusinginstrumentsforyearstolookforearth-likeplanets.In2013,scientists'bestguesswasthatthereareaboutonebillion（1,000million）""earths"inspace.AlanBossisthechairmanofagroupforouterspaceresearch.HesaidthatProximaBnotonlyconfirms（確認）thediscoveryofaplanet,butalsoincreasesthenumberofotherpossible“earths”greatly.Bosssaiditispossible,evenlikely,thatmoststarshaveatleastoneearth-likeplanet,whichheconsiderssurprising.Sofromtheearlynumberofabillion,thisnewresearchsuggeststheremaybeasmanypossibleearth-likeplanetsastherearestarsintheGalaxy（銀河系）.Thatis,anywherefrom250billionto500billion"earths".ThismakesthepossibilityoflivingthingsincreasinglylikelyBosssaidhebelieveshumanbeingswillbeabletoshowthatthereislifeinplacesbesideseart