關(guān)系代詞基本用法

GrammarTheAttributiveClause(關(guān)系代詞之基本用法)2021/5/91

TheAttributiveClause（定語從句）

1.概念:

在復(fù)合句中，修飾名詞或代詞的句子叫做定語從句。被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞。引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫做關(guān)系詞。SheisanEnglishteacherwholikestraveling.定語從句關(guān)系詞先行詞結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞+關(guān)系詞+定語從句2021/5/92SheisanEnglishteacherwholikestraveling.定語從句關(guān)系詞先行詞結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞+關(guān)系詞+定語從句關(guān)系詞:1.關(guān)系代詞:2.關(guān)系副詞:which﹑that、who﹑whom﹑whosewhen﹑where﹑why2.關(guān)系詞的三大作用：1）.連接主從句2）.替代先行詞（關(guān)系詞==先行詞）3）.在從句中做成分意義2021/5/93關(guān)系代詞先行詞從句成分例句who人主語賓語ThemanwhoImettodaytoldmetocomeback.Thereporterwhoistalkingtotheworkerisfamous.whom人賓語ThegirlwhomImetlookslikeLily.that人；物主語賓語SheisthepersonthatIwanttosee.Theboythathasjustlefthereismybrother.which物主語賓語ThisisabookwhichwaswrittenbyHemingway.Thepenwhichyoulentmeislost.whose人；物定語Theroomwhosewindowisredismine.ThisisthescientistwhosenameisJohnNash.2021/5/94關(guān)系代詞の---that

that:

既可指人，也可指物，在定語從句中作主語/賓語,且作賓語時(shí)可省略.

①Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.

②Thenoodles(that)Icookedweredelicious.

③

Whoisthemanthatisreadingabook?

④Thegirl(that)wesawyesterdaywasBetty.

2021/5/95關(guān)系代詞の---which

which:

指物,在定語從句中作主語or賓語，作賓語時(shí)可省略.

①Ilostthebookwhichyougaveme.

②Thisisourschoolwhichisverybeautiful.2021/5/96(一)只能用that不能用which

①當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞時(shí)all/none/anything/nothing/everythingAllthatcanbedonemustbedone.Weshouldmakeuseofeverythingthatisuseful.2021/5/97(一)只能用that不能用which的情形

②當(dāng)先行詞被

all/little/few/much/some/any/no/every

修飾時(shí)AllthestudentsthatarestudyinginourclassarefromGuangdongprovince.2021/5/98③當(dāng)先行詞被最高級、序數(shù)詞以及theonly/thevery修飾時(shí)ThisistheonlybookthatIcanfindinmydesk.HeistheveryguythatIwanttotalkto.Thefirstthingthatyoushoulddoistoeatsth.(一)只能用that不能用which

2021/5/99④當(dāng)主句前以which/who開頭的特殊疑問詞時(shí)(避免重復(fù))Whoisthegirlthatisstandingoverthere?WhichballistheonethatbelongstoMike?(一)只能用that不能用which的情形

2021/5/910(一)只能用that不能用which

5當(dāng)先行詞同時(shí)指物和人時(shí),只能用that.Wearetalkingaboutthepeopleandthethingsthatwehavevisitedinthecounty.2021/5/911Summary:只能用that的情況1.先行詞既有指人又有指物2.當(dāng)先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級時(shí)，有theonly,thevery等修飾時(shí)3.先行詞是all,much,anything,something,nothing等不定代詞時(shí)4.主句是以who/which開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)2021/5/912(二)只能用which不能用that①which可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，

that不能Therecorder,whichIpaid200dollars,provestobeveryuseful.Peterdrovetoofast,whichwasdangerous.2021/5/913②

which之前可以有介詞，而that不能Iwillneverforgettheschoolinwhichwestudiedtogether.

Thisisthequestionaboutwhichtheyarediscussing.(二)只能用which不能用that的情形2021/5/914who:

指人，在定語從句中作主語，或賓語做主語不能省略關(guān)系代詞の---who

①M(fèi)anypeoplewhodiedintheearthquakewerechildren.

②ThepersonwhohaslittlehairisMr.Zhang.2021/5/915(二)只能用who不能用that①先行詞是one,ones,those,anyone,heHewhodoesn’tworkhardwillnotpasstheexam.2021/5/916

whom:指人，在定語從句中作賓語;作及物動詞賓語可省略,但在介詞后不可省略。

關(guān)系代詞の---whom①Thegirl(whom)yousawjustnowismysister.②Themanwhomyoujusttalkedto/withisMr.Li.=Themanto/withwhomyoujusttalkedisMr.Li.◆類似的短語搭配有:talkabout/takecareof/lookfor/lookafter/learnfrom/listento等2021/5/917(二)只能用whom不能用who當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)ThegirltowhomIspokeismycousin.2021/5/918(二)能位于介詞后的關(guān)系代詞Which

Iwillneverforgettheschoolinwhichwestudiedtogether.whom.ThegirltowhomIspokeismycousin.2021/5/919關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，要注意幾點(diǎn)：（1）Whom,which作介詞賓語時(shí)，介詞一般可以放在它們的前面，也可以放在從句原來的位置上，但是如果是固定詞組，不能把介詞和動詞拆開{

Thereisaroom

inwhich

youcanstudy.which

youstudy

in.Roseisthestudentwhomyoushouldlookafter/takecareof.2021/5/920關(guān)系代詞who,which,that,在從句中作主語時(shí)，從句的謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)必須和先行詞保持一致。Anyonewho__over20canjointhearmy.I,who____

yourfriend,willhelpyou.isam

2021/5/921

注意：作賓語時(shí)關(guān)系代詞可省。1.Themanwho/?

Imettodaytoldmetocomeback.2.Thegirlwhom/?ImetlookslikeLily.3.Sheisthepersonthat/?

Iwanttosee.Thepenwhich/?

youlentmeislost.4.Thebestwork________shewroteand_______Ihavereadwillbemadeintofilm.Awhich;thatBthat;thatCthat;/D/;/2021/5/9221.ThisisourmonitorwhoseEnglishisverygood.

2.Iborrowedabookfromthelibrarywhosenameis“WarandPeace”.

whose:

既可指人也可指物,在定語從句中作定語關(guān)系代詞の---whose2021/5/923Itisapoordog.Itsheartisbroken.Itisapoordogwhoseheartisbroken.2021/5/924Themanisshoutingforhelp.

Hishouseisonfire.Themanwhosehouseisonfireisshoutingforhelp.2021/5/925Thegirlisbeingtakentoahospital.Herlegbrokeintheearthquake.Thegirlwhoselegbrokeintheearthquakeistakentoahospital.2021/5/926Thisisthebook

whose

coverisblue.Thisisthebook

ofwhich

thecoverisblue.Thisisthebook

thecover

ofwhichisblue.Iknowthegirlwhose

nameisMary.Iknowthegirlofwhom

the

nameisMary.Iknowthegirlthe

name

ofwhom

isMary.2021/5/927總結(jié)：關(guān)系代詞的用法成分先行詞指人先行詞指物主語

Doyouknowtheman___________cametoseeXiaoYangthismorning?Icouldn’tfindthebook___________wasboughtyesterday.賓語Heisaman_______________________weshouldalllearnfrom.Thetable_______________youjustsawismadeofplastics.定語Doyouknowtheboy__________parentsareonholiday?I’veneverbeentotheroom____________windowsarebroken.who/thatwhich/thatwho/that/whomwhich/thatwhosewhose/?

/?

2021/5/928怎樣判斷用什么關(guān)系代詞口訣:前看先行詞,辯清人或物

后看從句里,有無主賓語2021/5/929關(guān)于定語從句的難點(diǎn),和出錯(cuò)點(diǎn).1.定語從句的從句部分出現(xiàn)代替的內(nèi)容.ThisisthebookthatIlikeitbest.2.插入語成分.ThebeggarwhoIthinkispoorisinfactrich.從句部分2021/5/930定語從句中的主謂一致問題.1.Sheisoneofthegirlswho_____praisedatthemeeting.2.Sheistheonlyoneofthegirlswho_____praisedatthemeeting.(be)

areis5.在先行詞缺少的情況下,要用theone來補(bǔ)充它的先行詞,然后確定它的關(guān)系詞Thisisthefactory___________Iworkedlastyear.Thisfactoryis_________________Iworkedlastyear.Thisfactoryis__________________Ivisitedlastyear.where/inwhich

theone

where

theone

that//2021/5/9316.與其他從句和句式的區(qū)別與where和when引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的區(qū)別.區(qū)別的關(guān)鍵就是:是否有先行詞.ThisistheschoolwhereIstudiedmanyyearsago.TherewerealotofsheepwhereIlived.IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstwenttoschool.Wewereabouttostartwhenitbegantorain.

inwhich

onwhich連詞;在那里連詞;就在那個(gè)/就這個(gè)時(shí)候2021/5/932Let'sdosomeexercise!2021/5/9331.Thegirl____________isstandingnexttoourteacherisherdaughter.2.Thegirl_________________ourteacheristalkingwithisafamoussinger.3.Thegirl________motherisateachercanspeakEnglish

verywell.4.Ican’tfindthebook____________isborrowedfromthelibrary.5.Ican’tfindthebook________________youlenttome.who/that/?

who/whom/that/?

whosewhich/thatthat/which/?

鞏固練習(xí)：用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空2021/5/9341.Thisisall____Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2.Isthereanythingelse_____youwant?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what3.Thelastplace_____wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.itChoosethebestanswers:2021/5/93510.Pleasetakethesecondchair_______isoverthere.A.whereB.whichC.whoD.that

11.Isoxygentheonlygas__helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it12.Finally,thethiefhandedeverything_____hehadstolentothepolice（NMET98’)A.whichB.whatC.whateverD.that2021/5/93614.Idon’tlike____youspeaktoher.A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich2021/5/93715.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,

____

wasmorethanweexpected.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it2021/5/938

1.Thisisthebag_____mymotherboughtyesterday.

A.thatB.whoC.whomD.this

2.Iknowthestudent___youborrowedthepen.A.thatB.fromwhomC.fromwhichD.whom3.Isthisthefactory_____alotofstudentsvisitedyesterday?

A.theoneB.whichC.whoD.whom4.Isthisfactory_____alotofstudentsvisitedyesterday?

A.theoneB.thatC.whichD./練一練！2021/5/9391.

Theman____Isawtoldmetowait.2.

Themanto_____Ispokewasaforeigner.3.Iknowaboy______fatherisanacrobat.(雜技演員)4.Hesawahouse_____windowswereallbroken.Fillintheblankswithwho,whom,whose,whichandthat.whowhomwhosewhosewhom2021/5/940Let'sdosomeexercise!Makesentenceswiththeexpressionsandpictures.2021/5/941theship/wasthemostbeautifulintheworldatthattimeTitanicistheship__________________was

themostbeautifulinthewordatthattime.

whichTitanic/that____________2021/5/942theship/sankafterhittinganiceberg