動詞時態(tài)課件

英語語法－詞性詳解二－動詞二、動詞的分類(1)(3)(2)一、動詞的定義三、動詞的時態(tài)四、非謂語動詞五、被動語態(tài)1.一般現(xiàn)在時2.一般過去時3.一般將來時5.現(xiàn)在進行時6.過去進行時7.現(xiàn)在完成時8.過去完成時4.過去將來時六、動詞的基本形式10.將來完成時11.現(xiàn)在完成進行時9.將來進行時2021/5/91動詞的時態(tài)

一般進行完成完成進行現(xiàn)在一般現(xiàn)在時現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成進行時過去一般過去時過去進行時過去完成時過去完成進行時將來一般將來時將來進行時將來完成時將來完成進行時過去將來過去將來時過去將來進行時過去將來完成時過去將來完成進行時式時2021/5/92類別特點意義舉例實義動詞(vt.vi.)及物動詞跟賓語須跟賓語一起才能表達完整的意思Ihaveabook..不及物動詞不能直接接賓語能獨立作謂語Shealwayscomeslate.系動詞(link-v)跟表語不能獨立做謂語，跟表語構成完整意思Iamastudent.助動詞(aux.v.)跟動詞原形或分詞（無詞匯意義）不能獨立做謂語，跟主要動詞構成謂語，表示疑問，否定及各種時態(tài)Hedoesn’tspeakChinese.IamwatchingTV.情態(tài)動詞(mod.v.)跟動詞原形（有自己的詞匯意思）不能獨立做謂語。表示說話人語氣、情態(tài)，無人稱和數(shù)的變化Wecandoitbyourselves.Thatwouldbebetter.一、按詞義和句中的作用，動詞可以分為四類返回2021/5/93二、短語動詞構成方式舉例動詞+介詞Lookat,lookafter動詞+副詞Giveup,putinto動詞+副詞+介詞Catchupwith,lookdownupon動詞+名詞+介詞Takecareof,payattentiontoBe+形容詞+介詞Beproudof,beafraidof復雜結構Makeupone’smind：由一些動詞和其它詞構成短語，表達一個完整的意思。其構成方式如下返回2021/5/94三、按動詞的形式可以分為謂語動詞和非謂語動詞形式意義舉例人稱與主語在人稱一致Iamreadingnow.第一人稱數(shù)與主語在數(shù)上一致Hewriteswell.第三人稱單數(shù)時態(tài)表示動作發(fā)生的時間Hewrotealettertomelastmonth.過去時態(tài)語態(tài)主語是動作的發(fā)生者或者承受者WestudyEnglish.主動Theroadwasfilledwithrubbish.被動語氣說話人表達事實、要求、愿望等HehasflowntoAmerica.事實IwishIcouldflytothemoonsomeday.愿望1、謂語動詞(如下)2、非謂語動詞返回2021/5/952、非謂語動詞形式意義用途舉例不定式起形容詞和名詞作用可作主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語Ittakesme20minutestogotoschool動名詞起名詞作用作主語和賓語Shelikesreading.分詞現(xiàn)在分詞起形容詞、副詞作用，表主動作表語、定語、狀語、賓語補足語Thecupisbroken過去分詞起形容詞、副詞作用，表被動Thesteamisseenrisingfromthewetclothes.2021/5/96一般現(xiàn)在時：一般過去時

amisarewasweredo（does）did2021/5/971.一般現(xiàn)在時（1）表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生或習慣性的動作或狀態(tài)（2）表示主語現(xiàn)在的性格、特征、能力（3）表示客觀事實或普遍用法（4）用于狀語從句代替一般將來時eg.We

often

write

to

each

other.我們時常相互通信。

常與always，usually，often，sometimes，every

day，once

a

week，yearly每年，monthly每月，等時間狀語或頻率副詞連用。

eg.Heworkshard.他努力工作eg.Thesunrisesintheeast.Lightgoesfasterthansoundeg.Youwillsucceedifyoutry.IwilltellhimaboutitassoonasIseehimnextMonday.

常與連詞：when,assoonas,before,after,until,if如果，等引導的時間狀語或條件狀語從句練習返回2021/5/98Thebabyisgenerallyhealthy,buteverynowandthenhe______acold.A.hascaughtB.iscatchingC.willcatchD.doescatch2021/5/99I______ping-pongquitewell,butIhaven’thadtimetoplaysincetheNewYear.A.willplayB.haveplayedC.playedD.play2021/5/910Whenhewasalive,theoldscientistusedtosaythatknowledge______frompracticeandhegainedhisexperiencebydoingalotofpracticalwork.A.wascomingB.hadcomeC.comesD.wouldcome2021/5/911Ifit________tomorrow,we’llgoroller-skating.A.isn’trainB.won’trainC.doesn’trainD.doesn’tfine2021/5/912Remembertosendmeaphotoofusnexttimeyou______tome.A.arewritingB.willwriteC.haswrittenD.write2021/5/9132.一般過去時(1).表示過去某一時間點發(fā)生的動作或所處的狀態(tài).

e.g.HearrivedinHangzhouanhourago.Wherewereyoujustnow?(2).表示過去某一時間里反復出現(xiàn)的動作或狀態(tài).

e.g.Theirchildrenoftenwenthungryintheolddays.

Duringhismiddleschoolyears,heplayedfootballnearlyeveryday.(3).表示主語過去的特征或性格等.

e.g.AtthattimeshespokeverygoodEnglish.

練習返回2021/5/914(4).一般過去時往往和明確的過去時間狀語連用.如:yesterday,lastnight,twodays(months,weeks)ago,in1996,atthattime等,也常和when,if等引導的狀語從句連用.

e.g.Didyouplayvolleyballyesterdayafternoon?

Myfather,whenhewasachild,worked15hoursforthelandlordaday.2021/5/915(5).一般過去時可與today,thisweek,thismonth等時間狀語連用.

e.g.Isawhimtoday.

Hecamelatethreetimesthisweek.2021/5/916A:Comein,Peter,Iwanttoshowyousomething.B:____Oh,howniceofyou!I_____you_____tobringmeagift.A.neverthink;aregoingB.neverthought;weregoingC.didn'tthink;weregoingD.had'tthought;weregoing2021/5/917Wouldyoupleasesaythatagain？I______whatyousaid.didn’tfollowB.don’tfollowC.haven’tfollow2021/5/918一般將來時和過去將來時willdowoulddo

begoingtodobeabouttodobetodobedoing2021/5/9193.一般將來時a.will/shall+動詞原形(備：在口語中，shall和will?？s寫成"'ll"，緊接在主語之后。其否定式shallnot和willnot的簡略式分別為shan't和won't)(1)構成b.

begoingto+動詞原形c.

be+動詞-ing形式（動詞-ing形式通常是表示位置轉移的動詞，如arrive,come,go,leave,move,start,stay,get等）d.be+動詞不定式（例：Youaretobebackbefore10:00p.m..你必須在上午10點前回來。表示按計劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事）(2)用法①表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。②表示將要反復發(fā)生的動作

(3)常用結構①用于"祈使句+and+陳術句"中。Eg.Workhardandyouwill

succeed.

②與表示時間或條件的狀語從句連用。Ifyouaskhim,hewillhelp

you.③用于"Iexpect,I'msure,Ithink,Iwonder+賓語從句"中。Idon'tthinkthetestwillbeverydifficult.返回練習2021/5/920

Lookattheblackclouds.It______soon.---Sure.Ifonlywe______out.A.israining;didn’tcomeB.istorain;won’tstartC.willrain;haven’tstartedD.isgoingtorain;hadn’tcome2021/5/921Theplane＿＿at7:00p.m.,soIhavetobeattheairportby6:40atthelatest.

A.hasleft

B.istoleave

C.willhaveleft

D.leaves

2021/5/9228.過去將來時（1）意義：表示以過去的某時來看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),常用在賓語從句中.（2）構成：①主語+would/should+動詞原形②主語+was/were+goingto+動詞原形例:Ididn’tknowifshewouldcome.Iwasn’tsurewhetherhewoulddoit.Ididn’tknowifshewasgoingtocome.WangLeisaidthatshewasgoingtovisit

herunclenextSunday.返回練習2021/5/923()3.There________adolphinshowinthezootomorrowevening.A.wasB.isgoingtohaveC.willhaveD.isgoingtobe2021/5/924HowareyouplanningtotraveltoShanghai?---I______yet,butI______takingatrain.A.didn’tdecide;amconsideringB.haven’tdecided;considerC.haven’tdecided;amconsideringD.hadn’tdecided;haveconsidered2021/5/925—Rememberthefirsttimewemet,Jim?—OfcourseIdo.You＿＿inthelibrary.A.werereading

B.hadread

C.haveread

D.read

2021/5/926Thechildren＿＿veryquiet；Iwonderwhatthey＿＿upto.

A.were；arebeing

B.arebeing；are

C.are；do

D.arebeing；do

2021/5/927—What’sthematter?—Theshoesdon’tfitproperly.They＿＿＿＿myfeet.

A.arehurting

B.willhurt

C.havehurt

D.arehurt2021/5/928將來進行時：強調將來某時或某段時間正在進行的動作will/shall+be+v+ing將來完成時：強調在將來某時刻之前完成的動作或存在的狀態(tài),常和終止性動詞連用。will/shall+have+ved

WilldotomorrowWillbedoingat4:00tomorrowWillhavedonebynextweekWewilldotheworktomorrow.Wewillbedoingtheworkat4:00tomorrow.Wewillhavefinishedtheworkbytomorrow.2021/5/929現(xiàn)在進行時isdoing過去進行時wasdoing

2021/5/9304.現(xiàn)在進行時(1)意義：a.表示說話的此刻正在進行的動作。常與now,themoment等連用。(2)構成：主語+be+現(xiàn)在分詞(v.+ing)練習返回例:Listen!MaryissinginganEnglishsongintheclassroom.b.表示現(xiàn)在時間段中正在進行的動作。

例:Theyareplantingtreesonthehillthesedays.c.表示一種重復的動作，帶有“厭惡”、“贊嘆”等感情色彩。

例:Mybrotherisalwaysleavingthingsabout.注:現(xiàn)在進行時往往與always連用，給現(xiàn)在的動作披上一層感情色彩。2021/5/931現(xiàn)在進行時的練習1.

It’snineo’clock.Myfather____(work)intheoffice.2.Theboy____(alwaysput)therubbishintothebin.返回2021/5/9325.過去進行時(1)意義：（2）構成：主語+was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞1．表示過去某一時刻正在進行的動作。如：WhatwereyoudoingwhenIphonedyoulastnight?

2．表示過去某段時間正在進行的動作。如：Theywerebuildingadamlastwinter.

去年冬天他們在建一個大壩。

3．用于come,go,leave,start,arrive等表示位置轉移的動詞，以表示過去將要發(fā)生的動作。如：TheywantedtoknowwhenwewereleavingforShanghai.返回練習2021/5/933—Areyouavisitorhere?

—That’sright.I＿＿roundtheworldandnowmydreamofcomingtoChina＿＿true.

A.havetraveled；hascome

B.wastraveling；hadbeencome

C.amtraveling；hascome

D.havetraveled；hasbeencome

2021/5/934

—Whatwereyouuptowhenyourparentscamein?

—I＿＿forawhileand＿＿somereading.

A.wasplaying；wasgoingtodo

B.played；did

C.hadplayed；wasgoingtodo

D.hadplayed；did

2021/5/935A:WhatwereyoudoingwhenTonyphonedyou?B:Ihadjustfinishedmyworkand______totakeashower.A.hadstartedB.startedChavestartedD.wasstarting2021/5/9369.-HasJackfinishedhishomeworkyet?

-Ihavenoidea.He_______itthismorning.A.wasdoingB.hadbeendoingC.hasdoneD.did2021/5/937現(xiàn)在完成時和過去完成時

Havehaddone（has）done2021/5/9386.現(xiàn)在完成時（1）意義：現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果,也可表示過去已經(jīng)開始,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。（2）結構：助動詞have/has+動詞的過去分詞（3）四大標志詞：

*以already,just和yet為標志：表示到現(xiàn)在為止動作或狀態(tài)已經(jīng)、剛剛或還沒有發(fā)生

*以ever和never為標志：表示到現(xiàn)在為止動作或狀態(tài)曾經(jīng)或從來沒有發(fā)生過*以動作發(fā)生的次數(shù)為標志：HesayshehasbeentotheUSAthreetimes.*以sofar為標志：表示到目前為止動作或狀態(tài)已經(jīng)發(fā)生返回練習2021/5/939（4）注：a.*“終止”、“延續(xù)”要轉換常見的有:come-be,goout-beout,leave-beaway(from),begin-beon,buy-have,borrow-keep,join-beamember/介詞短語,die-bedead,become-be,open(v.)-beopen(adj.)等。b.*時間“點”、“段”須分清for+時間段since+過去某一時刻2021/5/9406.-Wherehaveyou_____,Kate?-I’ve______tothebank.

A.gone,gone

B.been,been

C.gone,been

D.been,gone7.Hergrandfather______fortwoyears.

A.died

B.hasdied

C.hasbeendead

D.hasbeendied2021/5/9418.It’ssixweeks______Imetyoulast.

A.when

B.since

C.before

D.for2021/5/9429.—＿＿Bettythismorning?

—Notyet,butsheissuretobeherebeforenoon.

A.Haveyouseen

B.Willyousee

C.Doyousee

D.Didyousee

2021/5/9437.過去完成時(1)概念:過去完成時表示在過去某一時刻或某一動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作或情況，即：過去的過去。如:Whenwegotthere,thefootballmatchhadalreadystarted.

當我們趕到時，足球比賽已經(jīng)開始了。(2)構成:肯定句：主語+had+過去分詞+其他否定句：主語+hadnot+過去分詞+其他疑問句：Had+主語+過去分詞+其他返回練習2021/5/9443)用法:A.表示在過去某一時間之前已完成的動作，表示對這一過去時間造成的結果或影響。常用以下幾種方式：

(1)用by，before等構成的介詞短語。eg:Lindahadlearnt10Englishsongsbytheendoflastmonth.(2)用when,before,after等引導的時間狀語從句。

eg:Thetrainhadstartedbeforewegottothestation.

2021/5/945B.過去完成時還可以表示過去某一時間以前發(fā)生開始的動作持續(xù)到這一過去的時間。常與for,since引導的表示一段時間的短語或從句連用。

eg:IhadworkedinahospitalforthreeyearsbeforeIcamehere.2021/5/946Hardly…h(huán)ad主語donewhen…didScarcely…h(huán)ad主語donewhen…didNosooner…h(huán)ad主語donethan…did2021/5/947Hardly…h(huán)ad主語donewhen…didHardlyhadIgotintothehousewhenitbegantorain.IhadHardlygotintothehousewhenItbegantorain.2021/5/948Scarcely…h(huán)ad主語donewhen…didScarcelyhadIgotintothehousewhenItbegantorain.2021/5/949Nosooner…h(huán)ad主語donethan…didNosoonerhadIgotintothehousethanItbegantorain.Ihad

nosoonergotintothehousethanItbegantorain.2021/5/950She＿＿totheofficethanshegotdowntowritingthereport.

A.hasnosoonergot

B.hadhardlygot

C.nosoonergot

D.hadnosoonergot

2021/5/951Jimtalkedforabouthalfanhouryesterday.Never＿＿himtalksomuch.

A.Iheard

B.didIhear

C.Ihadheard

D.hadIheard

2021/5/952—＿＿you＿＿theeditorattheairport?

—No,he＿＿awaybeforemyarrival.

A.Have...met；hasdriven

B.Had...met；wasdriven

C.Did...meet；hadbeendriven

D.Have...met；haddriven

2021/5/953過去完成時JohnandI＿＿friendsforeightyears.WefirstgottoknoweachotherataChristmas

party.Butwe＿＿eachotheracoupleoftimesbeforethat.

A.hadbeen；havemet

B.havebeen；havemet

C.hadbeen；hadmet

D.havebeen；hadmet

2021/5/954—Alicecamebackhomethedaybeforeyesterday.

—Really?Where＿＿?

A.hasshebeen

B.hadshebeen

C.hasshegone

D.hadshegone2021/5/955現(xiàn)在完成時：強調過去動作對現(xiàn)在的影響

強調動作、狀態(tài)從過去延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在

過去完成時：強調過去的過去

完成進行時：強調從過去一直進行或持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作

have/has+been+v+ing

had+been+v+ing

2021/5/956—WasthedrivingpleasantwhenyouwenttoMexicolastsummer?

—No,it＿＿forfourdayswhenwearrived,sotheroadswereverymuddy.

A.wasraining

B.hadbeenraining

C.wouldberaining

D.rained

2021/5/957He＿＿articlesforourwall-newspaperthesethreeyears,andhe＿＿aboutfortyarticles.hasbeenwriting；haswritten

B.hasbeenwriting；wroteC.iswriting；hasbeenwriting

D.haswritten；haswritten

2021/5/958HowareyouplanningtotraveltoShanghai?---I______yet,butI______takingatrain.A.didn’tdecide;amconsideringB.haven’tdecided;considerC.haven’tdecided;amconsideringD.hadn’tdecided;haveconsidered2021/5/9595.BythetimeyougettoShanghaitomorrow,I_________forChongqing/A.AmleavingB.willhaveleftC.hadworkedD.wasworking6.Moststudents(take)_______sixtycreditsbythetimetheygraduate.2021/5/960

—Iwillcometoattendyourlectureat10:00tomorrow.

—I’msorry,bythenmylecturewillhaveendedandI＿＿myguestsinmyoffice.

A.isbeingmet

B.willmeet

C.willbemeeting

D.willhavemet2021/5/961—IsTomstillsmoking?

—No.BynextSaturdayhe＿＿forawholemonthwithoutsmokingasinglecigarette.

A.willgo

B.willhavegone

C.willhavebeen

D.hasbeengoing

2021/5/962—Whatwereyouuptowhenyourparentscamein?—I＿＿forawhileand＿＿somereading.

A.wasplaying；wasgoingtodo

B.played；did

C.hadplayed；wasgoingtodo

D.hadplayed；did

2021/5/963現(xiàn)在完成時：強調過去動作對現(xiàn)在的影響

強調動作、狀態(tài)從過去延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在

have(has)done過去完成時：強調過去的過去

Haddone完成進行時：強調從過去一直進行或持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作

have/has+been+v+ing

2021/5/964Since+點時間For+段時間Just,1year現(xiàn)在完成時Just,uptonow,sofar,tillnow,recently,ever,lately,already.yet2021/5/965現(xiàn)在完成時havedone現(xiàn)在完成進行時havebeendoingTherainhasstopped.Therainhasbeenrainingthroughtheday.=(sinceyesterday.)2021/5/966He＿＿articlesforourwall-newspaperthesethreeyears,andhe＿＿aboutfortyarticles.

A.hasbeenwriting；haswritten

B.hasbeenwriting；wrote

C.iswriting；hasbeenwriting

D.haswritten；haswritten

2021/5/967HowareyouplanningtotraveltoShanghai?---I______yet,butI______takingatrain.A.didn’tdecide;amconsideringB.haven’tdecided;considerC.haven’tdecided;amconsideringD.hadn’tdecided;haveconsidered2021/5/968動詞的時態(tài)技巧總結點時間,by引導,選用完成式.//since點,for時段,剛好一年(just1year)現(xiàn)在完成時By+(theendof)+現(xiàn)在時間=現(xiàn)在完成時By+(theendof)+過去時間=過去完成時By+(theendof)+將來時間=將來完成時2021/5/969

1.時態(tài):完成時：bynow:Wehavefinishedallthework(bynow).bynextweek:Wewillhavefinishedallthework

bynextweek.(bythetimeyougetthere).bylastweek:Wehadfinishedalltheworkbylastnight.2021/5/970一般過去時did

過去完成時haddone現(xiàn)在完成時havedone

Nancyisnotcomingtonight.-Butshe______!A.promisesB.promisedC.willpromisedD.hadpromised2021/5/971她一到家天就開始下雨。(hardly…when…/nosooner…than….)Hardlyhadshegothomewhenitbegantorain.Scarcelyhadshegothomewhenitbegantorain.Nosoonerhadshegothomethanitbegantorain.2021/5/9723.Nosooner___thanitbegantorainheavily.

A.thegamebegan

B.hasthegamebegun

C.didthegamebegin

D.hadthegamebegun

2021/5/973

1.-WhereisJim?

-He_____totheshop.He'llbebackinanhour.goesB.goC.hasgoneD.willgo2.Idon'tthinkI_______youinthatdressbefore.A.haveseenB.wasseeingC.sawD.see3.I'msorryyou'vemissedthetrain.It_______10minutesago.A.leftB.hasleftC.hadleftD.hasbeenleftPractice:2021/5/9743.AssoonasI________(get)home,itstartedtorainheavily.(2003-12B)4.Hardlyhadwegatheredinthesquarewhenit(begin)_______torain.(2005-1B)2021/5/9757.Nextweekwe(sign)________thesalescontractwiththenewsupplier.(2006-6B)2021/5/9768.Hesaid,“I_________alotofnewwordsbytheendoflastyear.”(2002-12B)hadalreadylearntB.wouldhavealreadylearntC.havealreadylearntD.alreadylearnt9.WhenIfoundLinda,she(play)___________tabletenniswithherfriendJean.(2002-6B)2021/5/9779.UptillnowI(spend)__________agreatdealofmoneyonbooks,magazinesandnewspapers.10.Inthesefiveyears,thefoundation(collect)___________alargeamountofmoney.11.ThisisthefirsttimeI(see)_________suchaterriblescene.2021/5/97810.Thepolicepromisedthatthey(try)_______theirbesttolookintothematter.(2002-6A)11.Thoughhe_____(prepare)wellbeforethejobinterview,hefailedtoanswersomeimportantquestions.(2005-6A)2021/5/97912.Jimtoldmehe(join)_______thearmytwoyearsbefore.(2003-12A)13.TomtooknonoticeofwhatIwassayingbecausehethoughtI(cheat)______him.(2001-12A)2021/5/98014.ThistimenextweekI’llbeonvocation.ProbablyI___onabeautifulbeach.(2003-12A)A.amlyingB.havelainC.willbelyingD.willhavelain2021/5/98115.Bytheendofthisyearthefactory(produce)_____20,000cellphones.(2005-12A)16.BythetimeyougettoShanghaitomorrow,I______forChongqing.(2004-6A)2021/5/98217.Moststudents(take)_________sixtycreditsbythetimetheygraduate.(2003-6A)18.He________(work)inthiscompanysincehegraduatedfromAndongTechnicalCollegetenyearsago.(2005-12A)2021/5/98319.EversinceIarrivedhere,I________inthedormitorybecauseitischeaper.(2006-6A)A.LivedB.waslivingC.hadbeenlivingD.