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)improvementprogramAspecialprovisionoftheISTEAthatdirectsfundstowardsprojectsinCleanAirActNon-Attainmentareasforozoneandcarbonmonoxide.CongestionPricingThepolicyofchargingdriversafeethatvarieswiththeleveloftrafficonacongestedroadway.Congestionpricingisdesignedtoallocateroadwayspaceinamoreefficientmanner.Congestionpricingisalsoknownasrelieftolling,variablepricing,androadpricing.ControlofAccess(COA)Thisisalsoreferredtoasaccesscontrol.COAistheregulatedlimitationofaccessandisachievedbyregulationofpublicaccessrightsinto(ingress)andoutof(egress)propertiesabuttingaroadway.Therearetwotypes:fullcontrolofaccessandpartialcontrolofaccess.Also,therearedrivewayandapproachcontrolregulations.OnaroadwaywithfullCOA,preferenceisgiventothemovementofthroughtrafficbyprovidingaccessconnectionsonlywithselectedpublicroads,byprohibitingcrossingsatthesamegrade,andbyprohibitingdirectprivatedrivewayconnections.OnaroadwaywithpartialCOA,preferenceisgiventothroughtraffic;howevertheremaybeaccessconnectionswithselectedpublicroads,crossingsatthesamegrade,andprivatedrivewayconnections.Fullorpartialaccesscontrolisusuallyaccomplishedbylegallyobtainingright-of-accessfromtheabuttingpropertyownersorbytheuseoffrontageroads.CriticalMovementAnalysis(CMA)Forsignalizedintersections,CMAfocusesonlanegroupsormovementswhichcontrolsignalrequirements.CMAfocusesontheidentificationandprovisionofcapacityforsuchflowscalledcriticalmovements.CMAisalsousedincapacityanalysis.DDesignHourVolume(DHV)Typically,theDHVisthethirtiethhighesthourlytrafficvolumeforthedesignyear,commonlytwentyyearsfromthetimeofconstruction.TheDHVisgiveninunitsofvehiclesperhour.DirectionalDesignHourVolume(DDHV)Typically,theDDHVisthethirtiethhighesthourlytrafficvolumeinonedirectionforthedesignyear,commonlytwentyyearsfromthetimeofconstruction.DDHVisgiveninunitsofvehiclesperhour.DraftEnvironmentalImpactStatement(DEIS)Anenvironmentaldocumentthatispreparedwhenitisinitiallydeterminedthattheaction/projectmaycausesignificantimpactstotheenvironment,whenenvironmentalstudiesandearlycoordinationindicatesignificantimpacts,orwhenreviewoftheenvironmentalassessmentindicatesthattheimpactsanticipatedtoresultfromtheprojectmaybesignificant.TheDEIScomparesallreasonablealternativestotheproposedprojectandsummarizesthestudies,reviews,consultations,andcoordinationrequiredbylegislationandExecutiveOrderstotheextentappropriateatthedraftstageintheenvironmentalprocess.Thisdocumentlistsallentitiesfromwhichcommentsarebeingrequested.EEnvironmentalAssessment(EA)Adocumentthatassessesanactionthatisnotacategoricalexclusionanddoesnotclearlyrequirethepreparationofanenvironmentalimpactstatement(EIS),orwheretheFederalHighwayAdministrationbelievesanenvironmentalassessmentwouldassistindeterminingtheneedforanEIS.EnvironmentalImpactStatement(EIS)Anenvironmentaldocumentthatisrequiredwhenanactionthatwillsignificantlyaffecttheenvironment.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)AFederalagencychargedwithprotectingthenaturalresourcesonthenation.ExpresswayAnexpresswayisadividedhighwayfacilityusuallyhavingtwoormorelanesfortheexclusiveuseoftrafficineachdirectionandpartialcontrolofaccess(asopposedtoafreewaywhichhasfullcontrolofaccess).FFeasibilityStudyAstudyaboutaproject'sfeasibilitywhichissummarizedinadocument.Thestudyaddressesissuesincludingtheproject'sbenefits,costs,effectiveness,alternativesconsidered,analysisofalternativeselection,environmentaleffects,publicopinions,andotherfactors.ThefeasibilitystudyformajorprojectsinvolvingFederalfundswasreplacedundertheIntermodalSurfaceTransportationEfficiencyActbytheMajorInvestmentStudy.FederalHighwayAdministration(FHWA)Thefederalagencyresponsiblefortheadministrationoffederalhighwayfunds.FHWAdoesnothaveadirectroleorresponsibilitiesinthedevelopmentofurbantransportationplansortheirdevelopment.However,theirroleisadministrationoffederalfundsandintheissuanceofpolicyandproceduretimetablesforimplementationoffederallegislativedirectivesisimmense.FederalTransitAdministration(FTA)TheFTAwasformerlyastheUrbanMassTransportationAdministration.ItoperatesundertheauthorityoftheFederalTransitAct.TheFTAwasestablishedasacomponentoftheUSDepartmentofTransportation.FinalEnvironmentalImpactStatement(FEIS)AnenvironmentaldocumentthatispreparedfollowingtheHYPERLINK"://dot.state.

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