不定式與復(fù)合句

不定式與復(fù)合句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換--中考之總結(jié)+練習(xí)題一、動詞不定式是一個僅僅含有動詞原形和附加成分〔賓語、表語〕以與連帶成分〔狀語〕的短語，轉(zhuǎn)換為從句時主要圍繞動詞做文章。既然不定式變成謂語動詞，以下幾點必需要考慮：1.在原句中找出不定式的邏輯主語，使其成為轉(zhuǎn)換成句子后的主語；2.確定不定式所表達的時態(tài)或情態(tài)，把轉(zhuǎn)換后的謂語動詞變成相應(yīng)的時態(tài)〔將來、一般、完成或進展〕，有時候還有必要另加情態(tài)動詞can/could,may/might； 3.確定原不定式在句子中所充當?shù)某煞帧仓髡Z、賓語、表語、定語或狀語〕，然后加上必要的關(guān)連詞改為相應(yīng)的從句。二、與轉(zhuǎn)換有關(guān)的不定式的相關(guān)知識A.不定式的邏輯主語有以下幾種情況1.句子的主語就是不定式的邏輯主語，如：Hehelpedtobuildareservoir.YoumustcometoseemeonSunday.WhathaveIdonetomakeyousoangry?2.不定式的邏輯主語是相鄰的名詞 It'skindofyoutoseeme.Weknowhertobeabravegirl.Didyouseehimentertheroom?Itisforyoutodecide.3.不定式的邏輯主語存在于不言自明的語境中 Totalkwithhimisagreatpleasure.(可能是we,you或everybody)Ourplanistofinishtheworkintwoweeks.(we)Itiswrongnottohelpothers.(we,they或you)B.不定式的時態(tài)1.不定式的一般式的行為常表示以下兩種 *如果作賓補，與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生，如：Isawhimgoout.Wouldyouhelpmetoputthingsinorder? *其他情況多數(shù)發(fā)生在謂語動詞后，如： Ihopetoseeyouagain.Hewantedtobeanactor.2.不定式的完成式的行為發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前，如： Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.3.不定式的進展式的行為發(fā)與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生，如：Heseemstoberecovering. C.不定式的詞性以與在句子中充當?shù)某煞?.名詞性 主語:Itisourdutytohelpyou.賓語：Shedecidedtotryagain.表語：Herjobistotakecareofthechildren.2.形容詞性 定語：Heisalwaysthefirstonetogetup. 3.副詞性 目的狀語：Hecameheretoseemeyesterday. 結(jié)果狀語：Heistooexcitedtogotosleep.形容詞補足語Iamsorrytohearthat.三、轉(zhuǎn)換實例1.不定式 名詞從句 Totalkwithhimisagreatpleasure.(主語) --Itisagreatpleasure(thatwecan)talkwithhim.Hehopestobeasailor.〔賓語〕 --Hehopes(thathecan)beasailor.Mysuggestionistowaitalittlelongger.〔表語〕 --Mysuggestionis(thatweshould)waitalittlelongger.Theplantofinishtheworkintwoweekshasbeenhandedin.〔同位語〕--Theplan(thatwe/theyshould)finishtheworkintwoweekshasbeenhandedin. 2,不定式 定語從句 Heistheonlyonetogotothepartyinourclass.--Heistheonlyone(whowill/may)gotothepartyinourclass. 3,不定式 狀語從句 Weallworkhardinordertocompleteourassignmentintime.(目的) --Weallworkhardinorder(thatwecan)completeourassignmentintime.Wehurriedsoastobeintimeforthemeeting.(目的) --Wehurriedsoas(thatwemight)beintimeforthemeeting.Heistooyoungtojointhearmy(結(jié)果) --Heistooyoung(thathecouldnot)jointhearmy.Hisbehaviourwassuchasforusalltorefusetoreceivehiminourhomes.(結(jié)果)--Hisbehaviourwassuch(thatweallrefused)toreceivehiminourhomes.I'mverysorrytohavekeptyouwaiting,(原因) --I'mverysorry(because/as/forI)havekeptyouwaiting.四、不定式的轉(zhuǎn)換有時候不能死板硬套上面的格式，有些特殊情況還需要特殊對待。如： Foramoment(Iseemedto)havelostconsciousness.--(ItseemedthatI)hadlostconsciousness.(Theyhappenedto)meeteachotherinthestreet.--(Itsohappenedthat)theymeteachotherinthestreet.賓語從句是英語學(xué)習(xí)中的重點、難點，也是中考的熱點。賓語從句與不定式〔短語〕的轉(zhuǎn)換是中考考點之一，現(xiàn)將應(yīng)注意的問題歸納如下：【考題引導(dǎo)】A：Theyhaven’tdecidedwhichcameratheywillchoose.〔2004年濱州〕B:Theyhaven’tdecidedwhichcameratochoose.【要點領(lǐng)悟】當主句謂語動詞hope，agree，wish，decide，choose等后接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，并且該從句的主語與其主句的主語一致時，賓語從句可轉(zhuǎn)換成不定式〔短語〕。如：A：Thegirlhopesthatshecanbeadoctorsomeday.B:Thegirlhopestobeadoctorsomeday.A：Fatherdecidedthathewouldbuyanewcomputerforme.B:Fatherdecidedtobuyanewcomputerforme.【考題引導(dǎo)】A：DoyouknowwhenwewillvisittheGreatWall?〔2004年襄樊〕B:DoyouknowwhentovisittheGreatWall?【要點領(lǐng)悟】當主句謂語動詞know，tell，forget，remember，learn，explain等后接疑問詞〔連接代詞/副詞〕引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，且該從句的主語與主句的主語一致時，賓語從句可轉(zhuǎn)換成“疑問詞〔連接代詞/副詞〕+不定式〔短語〕〃形式。如：A：Wedon’tknowwhatweshoulddonext.B：Wedon’tknowwhattodonext.A：JimtoldLinTaohowhewouldspendtheday.B:JimtoldLinTaohowtospendtheday.【考題引導(dǎo)】A：CouldyoupleaseteachmehowIsearchtheInternet?〔2003年〕B:CouldyoupleaseteachmehowtosearchtheInternet?【要點領(lǐng)悟】當主句謂語動詞tell,ask,show,teach等后接雙賓語，且直接賓語是疑問詞〔連接代詞/副詞〕引導(dǎo)的賓語從句〔從句主語與主句的間接賓語一致〕時，賓語從句可轉(zhuǎn)換成“疑問詞〔連接代詞/副詞〕+不定式〔短語〕〃形式。如：A：CouldyoutellmehowIcanstartthemachine?B:Couldyoutellmehowtostartthemachine?A：Sheaskedmewhichskirtsheshouldchoose.B:Sheaskedmewhichskirttochoose.注意：以上三種情況中，賓語從句的謂語多表示將來意義?！究碱}引導(dǎo)】A：Wefoundthathewasacleverboy.〔2003年〕B：Wefoundhimacleverboy.【要點領(lǐng)悟】suppose,feel,think,believe,find等后接的賓語從句可轉(zhuǎn)換為含有不定式短語的復(fù)合賓語。1〕賓語從句的主語轉(zhuǎn)換成賓語，從句的謂語局部轉(zhuǎn)換成賓語補足語的不定式短語“tobe+形容詞/名詞〃。如：A：Ifindthattheplanisinteresting.B：Ifindtheplan〔tobe〕interesting.A：Allofherfriendssupposethatsheisagoodstudent.B:Allofherfriendssupposehertobeagoodstudent.2.賓語從句“itis+形容詞/名詞+不定式短語〃轉(zhuǎn)換成“〔形式賓語〕+形容詞/名詞〔賓語補足語〕+不定式短語〔賓語〕〃的復(fù)合賓語。如：A：Wefinditisdifficulttopleaseher.B：Wefinditdifficulttopleaseher.A：Ithinkitismydutytotakegoodcareofmyoldparents.B:Ithinkitmydutytotakegoodcareofmyoldparents.賓語從句與不定式形式轉(zhuǎn)換：Theyfounditimpossibletofinishtheworkinsuchashorttime.〔改為復(fù)合句〕Hisparentsthoughtitstrangethattheirsonhadn'twrittentothemfortoolong.〔改為復(fù)合句〕finditimportanttolearnanewskill.〔改為復(fù)合句〕Heconsideredhimselfanexpertonthesubject.〔改為復(fù)合句〕Afteralongsearch,wefoundtheboysafe.〔改為復(fù)合句〕Weoftenseehimplayfootballontheplayground.〔改為復(fù)合句〕AllofusthinkMr.Greenagoodperson,〔改為復(fù)合句〕Hecouldhearhisheartbeatingveryfast.〔改為復(fù)合句〕9.I'minterestedinwhetherhelikesEnglish.〔可以用if嗎？〕worryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.〔可以用if嗎？〕don'tknowwhethertogo.Hehasn'tdecidedwhethertogobybusorbytrain.〔可以用if嗎？〕Whetherthisistrueornot,Ican'tsay.〔可以用if嗎？〕Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.〔可以用if嗎？〕LiMinghopeshewillbebackverysoon,〔改為簡單句〕Wedecidedthatwewouldhelphim,〔改為復(fù)合句〕CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothestation？〔改為簡單句〕Theheadmasterorderedthatweshouldstartatonce.〔改為簡單句〕Heinsistedthatheshouldgowithus.〔改為簡單句〕Therearestillalotofdifficultieswehavetoovercome.〔改為簡單句〕一下都是Beforethemachinesleavethefactory,thereisaseriesofteststhatmustbepassedAttheendofthespeechheexpressedthedesirethatheshouldcomeandworkinChinasomeday.Thecommandergaveordersthatweshouldcrosstheriver.Shewasexcitedwhensheheardthenews.24.I'mgladIhaveseenyourmother. Themotherwaspleasedwhenshesawhersondoingsowellatschool.Hewasveryhappywhenhesawussohappy.Theywillbedisappointedwhentheyhearit.wassoforgetfulthatIdidn’tlockthedoorlastnight.29.Therobotwassocarefulthatitremindedmeofthis.gotupearlysothatIcouldgettothestationintime.Heissocarelessthathealwaysmakesmistakesinhiswork.Heissostrongthathecancarrythebigbox.don’tknowwhereIshouldgonext.34.Ithasbeendecidedwhenwewillleavetheterribleplace.35.Thoughheislonely,hedoesn’tknowwhohecantalkto.二、用所給詞的形式填空：1.Doyouknowhow(pronounce)theword?sawtheboys(swim)inthepool.wonder(if)Icanpasstheexamornot.foundit(possible)tofinishthisworkinsuchashorttime.5.Shenoticedaboy(lie)onthefloorandcrying.Theydecided(buy)adigitalcameraonline.三、復(fù)合句改為簡單句，簡單句改為復(fù)合句Heissoyoungthathecannottotoschool.--Heisyounggotoschool.Sheissoleverthatshecanworkouttheproblem.---Sheisworkouttheproblem.Heexerciseseverydaysothathecankeepfit.--Heexerciseseverydaykeepfit.Hewentoverhiscompositionagainandagainsoasnottomakeanymistakes--Hewentoverhi