專(zhuān)題定語(yǔ)從句備戰(zhàn)年高考英語(yǔ)精選考點(diǎn)突破精美

定語(yǔ)從句定義用作定語(yǔ)的從句類(lèi)型限制性定語(yǔ)從句描述主句所涉及的人或物的具體情況，是主句不可缺少的一部分；如省去，主句意義不完整或失去意義。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)主句所描述的人或物提供附加情況，起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用；如省去，主句意義仍完整。關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞that,which,who,whom,whose,as等關(guān)系副詞when,where,why等一、定語(yǔ)從句概述關(guān)系代詞that指物和人在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)which指物在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)who指人在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)whom在從句中作賓語(yǔ)whose指人和物在從句中作定語(yǔ)as指物在從句中作主語(yǔ)二、引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞關(guān)系副詞when指時(shí)間在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)where指地點(diǎn)在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)why指原因在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)三、關(guān)系代詞辨析1.關(guān)系代詞that與which先行詞指物時(shí)，that與which一般可以互換，但也有特殊情況?！锿ǔＪ褂胻hat的情況：1)先行詞為all,everything,something,anything,nothing,much,few,little,none等不定代詞或先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或few,theonly,little,no,all,every,thevery等修飾時(shí)。如：I’vemadeupmymind,andnothingthatyousaywillchangeit.JasonwasprobablythehardestworkingstudentthatI’veevertaught.Theonlythingthatmattersisthatthebabyishealthy.2)當(dāng)主句是以who,what等開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)。如：

Whoisthegirlthatissittingbythelake?Whatisyourfavoritebookthatyoumentionedjustnow?3)當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。如：

Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?★通常使用which的情況：1)當(dāng)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句或關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)。如：Shewasfondofmusic,whichherbrotherneverwas.Thegoalsforwhichhehadfoughtallhislifenolongerseemedimportanttohim.

2)先行詞后面有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)。如：Hereisthenovelwhich,asI’vetoldyou,willbeadaptedintoamovie.3)先行詞本身是that時(shí)。如：What’sthatwhichyouputdownjustnow?2.關(guān)系代詞which與aswhich和as都可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，用來(lái)指代整個(gè)主句或主句的一部分。通常which引導(dǎo)的從句放在句末，而as引導(dǎo)的從句既可位于句首，又可位于句中或句末。如：Asisknowntotheworld,MarkTwainisagreatAmericanwriter.Thesizeoftheaudience,aswehadexpected,waswelloveronethousand.HeisanAmerican,which/asIknowfromhisaccent.四、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1.在“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞指物時(shí)只能用which，指人時(shí)只能用whom。如：

Thevalleyinwhichthetownliesisheavilypolluted.We’llgotoseethefamouswriteraboutwhomwehavetalked.2.在“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，介詞的選用取決于句子意義的需要，或句中動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞與介詞的搭配。如：

Intheoffice,Ineverseemtohavefreetimeuntilafter5:30p.m.,bywhichtimemanypeoplehavegonehome.Icouldn’tunderstandthewomantowhomItalkedonthephone.

3.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前可有名詞、數(shù)詞或

some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代詞。如：

Theclassroom,thedoorofwhichisbroken,willsoonberepaired.Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.五、特殊先行詞后的定語(yǔ)從句1.先行詞是reason時(shí)，如果關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，用why或forwhich引導(dǎo)；關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，用that或which引導(dǎo)。如：

We’dliketoknowthereasonwhy/forwhichshedidn’tacceptthejob.Thereisanotherreasonthat/whichismoreimportant.

2.先行詞是表示方式的way時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句可用

that或inwhich引導(dǎo)，也可省略。如：

Peoplelikedtheway(that/inwhich)hewrote,sohewentonwriting.3.先行詞是stage,position,situation,atmosphere等有地點(diǎn)含義的抽象名詞，且關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，用where引導(dǎo)。如：Theiryoungestchildisatthestagewhereshecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.Youcouldgetintoasituationwhereyouhavetodecideimmediately.4.先行詞是occasion時(shí)，一般要用when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。如：

Icanrememberveryfewoccasionswhenhehadtocancelourtrips.六、關(guān)系詞的省略1.關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。如：

Thecup(that/which)youboughtisbroken.2.在某些表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)的詞后的限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系副詞在口語(yǔ)中有時(shí)省略。如：

I’llneverforgettheyear(when)IstayedinBeijing.Thisistheplace(where)Ilivedfiveyearsago.注意：非限制性定語(yǔ)從句通常由who,whom,which,whose,when,where及“介詞+which/whom”引導(dǎo)，且關(guān)系詞一般不省略。另外，在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，which可指代整個(gè)主句內(nèi)容。選用正確的關(guān)系詞填空。Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot________itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.(2020.新課標(biāo)全國(guó)I卷)InancientChinalivedanartist61.________paintingswerealmostlifelike.(2020.新課標(biāo)全國(guó)III卷)wherewhose3.The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,formedthecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseum_________openedin1759.(2020.全國(guó)新高考I卷)which/that4.Manylessonsarenowavailableonline,from_____studentscanchooseforfree.(2020.江蘇卷)A.WhoseB.whichC.whenD.whom5.Thankyouforyourletter,whatreallymademehappy.(2020.課標(biāo)全國(guó)II卷.短文改錯(cuò))6.Understandinghergoodintentions,IeatallthefoodwhatisprovidedbyMomwithappreciation.(2020.課標(biāo)全國(guó)III卷.短文改錯(cuò))

whichthat7.Wehaveenteredintoanage_______dreamshavethebestchanceofcomingtrue.(2019·江蘇卷·單項(xiàng)填空)A.whichB.whatC.whenD.that8.Theirchildisatthestage__________shecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.(2019·天津卷·單項(xiàng)填空)A.whyB.whereC.whichD.what9.OneafternoonwhereIwasinprimaryschool,Iwaswalkingbytheschoolplayground.(2019·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷·短文改錯(cuò))10.NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield，______sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.(2019·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷·語(yǔ)法填空)whenwhich11.Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters______hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.(2019·新課標(biāo)III卷·語(yǔ)法填空)12.Inthecafe,customerswillenjoythemselvesinthehistoricalenvironmentwhatiscreatedforthem.(2019·新課標(biāo)III卷·短文改錯(cuò))whothat/which13.Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloth___________givesofflightinthedark.

(2019·浙江卷·語(yǔ)法填空)14.Whatstudentsdoatcollegeseemstomattermuchmorethan________theygo.(2019·北京卷·語(yǔ)法填空)that/whichwhereI.用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空。1.Thefirstmoderncomputerwascreatedin1942_______theU.S.wasinvolvedinWorldWarII.2.WhenIvisitedthestreet________Iusedtolive,Ibecameveryemotional.3.Ilivedinanapartmentbuilding___________hadaveryslowelevator.4.Thisoldman________nameisnotwidelyrecognisedmadeagreatcontributiontotheworld.whenwherewhich/thatwhose5.Idon'tunderstandtheway________theyworkedouttheproblem.6.It'shelpfultoputchildreninasituation________theycanseethemselvesdifferently.7.JeffBezosgotmoneyfromhisparents________lenthim$300,000tostartAmazon.8.Canyoutellmethereason________youarelookingupset?9.Thestrikeswoundedseveralpeople,someof________wereinseriouscondition.thatwherewho/thatwhywhomII.用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞完成下面短文（每空一詞）。Mywife,1.________nameisMargaret,likestotravel.Wewentonatriplastsummer,2.________Iwasn'tworking.Wevisitedapark3._________hadabeautifulgarden.Wesatinthegarden4.________wecouldalsoseebirds.Isawabeautifulbird5.________featherswerepurpleandblue.Onthatday,wemetaniceSwedishcouple6.________Englishwasquitegood.whosewhenwhich/thatwherewhosewhoseTheyinvitedustovisitthemintheSwedishcountryside7.________theyhadabighouse.Itoldthemthatmaybewecouldvisitthemnextyear8.________weshouldhavefreetime.wherewhenDoyouhaveanoldcomputer1.____________youdon'tneedanymore?OrareyoutryingtofindanextraTVbutdon'twanttospendmoney?ThenTheFreecycleNetworkisforyou.Thenamecombinestheword“free”andtheword“recycle”.TheFreecycleNetworkisanonlinecommunityin2.________membershelpeachothergetwhattheyneed—forfree!UnlikeeBay,Freecycleisageographicalcommunity.Youjoinintheareawhereyoulive.that/whichwhichAmericansgeneratealmostfivepoundsofgarbageperpersonperday.About55percentofthisgarbageisburiedinwhatiscalled“l(fā)andfill”.Buriedgarbagecancauseenvironmentalproblems.Thisgarbageoftencontainsusefulitems3.___________otherpeoplemayneed.that/whichTheFreecycleNetworkwascreatedin2003byDeronBeal,4.________ideawastoprotecttheenvironmentbykeepingusablegoodsoutoflandfill.Healsowantedtoencourageneighborstohelpeachother.HestartedhisnetworkinTucson