語法spring虛擬語氣

如果我會(huì)打字，我可能會(huì)節(jié)約大量時(shí)間。如果我把頭發(fā)染成藍(lán)色，誰都會(huì)笑我的。我要是知道她的號碼我就能給她打電話。如果我們早點(diǎn)找到他，我們或許已把他救活了。我爸爸很希望自己上過大學(xué)。我建議他馬上就去。If

I

could

type,

I

might

save

a

lot

of

time.If

I

dyed

my

hair

blue

everyone

would

laugh

at

me.If

I

knew

her

number

I

could

ring

her

up.If

we

had

found

him

earlier

we

might

have

saved

hislife.My

father

wishes

that

he

had

gone

to

university.I

advise

that

he

go

at

once.虛擬語氣的用法1.與事實(shí)相反2.表示說話人的主觀愿望、假設(shè)If

I

were

you,

I

would

stay

at

home.I

wish

you

would

shut

up.虛擬語氣用于…一、非真實(shí)條件句if二、名詞性從句三、各種句型1、與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反If+主語+動(dòng)詞過去式(were)，主語+would(should/could/might)+動(dòng)原從句主句If

I

had

time,

I

wouldhelp

him.如果我有時(shí)間，我就會(huì)幫他的。If

I

wereyou,

I

would

stay

at

home.如果我是你，我就會(huì)呆在家里。假設(shè)你是一個(gè)仙人掌，我也愿意忍受所有的痛來抱著你。我絕不嫁給你高中水平:I

will

never

marryyou.高考:Never

will

I

marry

you.四級:You

are

the

last

man

I

am

willing

tomarry.六級:Under

no

circumstances

will

I

marryyou.GRE:If

you

were

the

last

man

in

the

world,I

would

definitely

remain

single.I’ll

never

be

your

woman.I’ll

never

be

your

son’s

mother.如果我能把字母表(alphabet)重新排序，我會(huì)把U和I放到一起。If

I

could

rearrange

the

alphabet,

I

wouldput

U

and

Itogether.如果時(shí)間可以倒流，你會(huì)重新選擇你的生活么？If

you

could

rewind

your

time,

would

youchange

your

life?2、與過去事實(shí)相反If+主語+had+過去分詞，主語+would(should/could/might)+have+過分If

I

had

had

the

time

yesterday,

I

wouldhave

helped

him.如果我昨天有時(shí)間的話，我會(huì)幫他的。從句主句我真的不知道如果那個(gè)時(shí)候她沒有答應(yīng)，我該怎么辦。I

don’t

know

what

I

would

have

done

if

shehad

not

answered

YESat

that

time.3、對將來的假設(shè)、愿望If+主語+were

to

do，should

do,If

it

were

to

rain，I

would

stay

at

home.萬一要下雨，那我就在家呆著。If

it

rains,

I

will

stay

at

home.如果下雨了，我就在家呆著。主語+would(should/could/might)+動(dòng)原從句主句說話人認(rèn)為不太可能下雨說話人認(rèn)為下雨可能性蠻大美好的愿望If

I

were

to

live

my

life

over

again,

I

wouldhave

you

as

mywife.如果我有來生，我一定娶你為妻If

I

should

win

the

lottery,

I

would

buy

alarge

house.小結(jié)類型條件從句謂語動(dòng)詞形式主句謂語動(dòng)詞形式1、與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞過去式be動(dòng)詞用werewould(should/could/might)+動(dòng)原2、與過去事實(shí)相反had+過去分詞would(should/could/might)+have+過去分詞3、對將來的假設(shè)、愿望were

to+動(dòng)原should+動(dòng)原would(should/could/might)+動(dòng)原if真題再現(xiàn)虛擬語氣用于…一、非真實(shí)條件句二、名詞性從句三、各種句型二、名詞性從句標(biāo)志詞-------動(dòng)詞I

suggest

that

we

should

go

tomorrow.建議：advice,

suggest,

propose,

mend決定：decide,determine要求：order,demand,beg,require,urge,insist,desire只要主句出現(xiàn)標(biāo)志詞，從句謂語動(dòng)詞用(should)do我建議我們明天去。I

suggest

that

we

should

go

tomorrow.我當(dāng)時(shí)建議我們第二天去。I

suggested

that

we

should

go

the

nextday.Thedoctorinsistedthat

heshould

noteatmeat（他不能吃肉）標(biāo)志詞-------形容詞It

is+adj+that……It

is

necessary

that

he

should

come

backwithout

delay.essential,

crucial,

important,

imperative,necessary,

natural,

proper,

urgent,

vital…標(biāo)志詞-------過去分詞Itis+done+that……It

is

requested

that

all

members

be

presentat

themeeting.decided,

desired,

demanded,

ordered,requested,

required,

mended,suggested…標(biāo)志詞-------名詞It

is+n.+that……It

is

my

proposal

that

he

be

sent

to

studyfurther

abroad.我建議把他送到國外去學(xué)習(xí)。advice,

decision,

desire,

demand,suggestion,

proposal,

mendation,requirement,

order.虛擬語氣用于…一、非真實(shí)條件句二、名詞性從句三、各種句型1.Wish引導(dǎo)的賓語從句I

wish

I

had

your

pair

of

wingsJust

like

last

night

in

my

dreamsI

was

lost

in

paradiseWish

I’d

never

opened

my

eyesSometimes

I

wish

I

were

an

angelSometimes

I

wish

I

were

youSometimes

I

wish

I

were

an

angelSometimes

I

wish

I

were

youI

wish

I your

pair

of

wingsJust

like

last

night

in

my

dreamsI

was

lost

in

paradiseWish

I

neverSometimes

I

wish

ISometimes

I

wish

ISometimes

I

wish

ISometimes

I

wish

Imy

eyesan

angelyouan

angelyou1.Wish引導(dǎo)的賓語從句對現(xiàn)在的虛擬I

wish

I

were

a

little

younger.我希望我年輕一點(diǎn)。對過去的虛擬I

wish

I

had

been

there.我真希望我當(dāng)時(shí)在那兒。對將來的虛擬I

wish

you

would

shut

up.我希望你能閉嘴。wish/wished，后面的虛擬一樣。有時(shí)候，真希望自己可以穿越回去，去見見那個(gè)還是個(gè)小孩子的自己。Sometimes,

I

wish

I

could

go

backandmeet

myself

as

akid.I

wish

I

hadtaken

youradvice.我真希望我當(dāng)時(shí)采取了你的建議。2.should

(not)

have

done本(不)應(yīng)該聽力再現(xiàn)題目：Mary

said“I

shouldn’t

have

gone

to

the

party.”問題：Did

Mary

go

to

the

party？yesthought…would…也是虛擬。題目：I

thought

Guotai

cinema

would

be

the

best

cinema問題：Is

Guotai

cinema

the

best

cinema？No.3.Asif/though引導(dǎo)的從句似乎，好像對現(xiàn)在的虛擬Itseemsasifyouweremymother.你聽起來跟我媽一樣。對過去的虛擬We

had

great

fun

that

day

and

it

seemed

as

ifnotasingledayhadgoneby.好像時(shí)光沒有流逝一樣。注意：as

if/though可以不虛擬Itis ing

dark.It

looks

as

if

it

is

going

torain.天變黑了，似乎就要下雨。It

seems

as

if

he

has

been

toAmerica.他好像去過美國。It

seems

as

if

he

had

been

toAmerica.Thank

you!Even

if

I

had

a

million

reasons

to

leaveyou,I

would

still

look

for

one

to

stay.縱然有百萬個(gè)理由離開你，我也會(huì)尋找一個(gè)理由為你留下。Iwish

I

could

find

someone

who

would

feelmy

pain

even

though

I'm

saying

OK

with

asmile.

我希望找到這樣一個(gè)人，即使我微笑著說“我還好”的時(shí)候，他也能察覺得到我的痛苦。If

I

treated

you

the

way

you

treated

me,

you

would

hate

me.如果我用你待我的方式來待你，恐怕你會(huì)恨死我。狀語從句由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)一、條件狀語從句二、時(shí)間狀語從句三、原因狀語從句四、目的狀語從句五、結(jié)果狀語從句六、讓步狀語從句七、地點(diǎn)狀語從句八、方式狀語從句一、條件狀語從句1.if引導(dǎo)2.

unless引導(dǎo)3.so/aslongas引導(dǎo)4.in

case引導(dǎo)5.on

condition(that)引導(dǎo)6.provided

(that)引導(dǎo)1.if引導(dǎo)如果一個(gè)女孩因?yàn)槟愣?，說明她喜歡你；如果她因?yàn)槟愣?，說明她愛你。If

you

make

a

girl

laugh,

she

likes

you,

but

ifyou

makeher

cry,she

lovesyou.------《Kicking

the

Dog》如果我說我想一個(gè)人靜一靜，其實(shí)我比任何時(shí)候都需要你。If

I

sayleave

me alone,actually

Ineed

you

more

than

at

any

time.If

you

find

a

path

with

no

obstacles,

itprobably

doesn’t

lead

anywhere.—

Frank

A.Clark太容易的路，可能根本就不能帶你去任何地方。2.unless引導(dǎo)如果我不戴眼鏡，我就看不見。I

can't

see

if

I

don't

wear

glasses.我看不見，除非我?guī)а坨R。Ican'tsee

unlessIwearglasses.unless=if

not不知道什么是憂傷，就不會(huì)真正感激幸福。You

cannot

appreciatehappiness

unlessyou

have

known

sadness

too.3.so/as

long

as引導(dǎo)只要我們不灰心，我們就能找到克服困難的方法。As

longaswe

don't

loseheart,we'll

finda

wayto e

the

difficulty.只要活著一定會(huì)遇上好事的。Aslongasyouarestillalive,youwilldefinitely

encounter

the

good

things

in

life.無學(xué)習(xí)，不人生。只要你活著，學(xué)習(xí)就不會(huì)停。There

is

no

stage

of

life

that

does

not

contain

somelessons.As

long

as__________,_______________________you

live

there

will

be

something

more

to

learn

.4.

in

case引導(dǎo)Take

some

money

with

you

in

case

you

want

tobuysomething.我把我的電話號碼給你，萬一你要聯(lián)系我呢。I'll

leave

you

my

phone

nuumber

in

case

youwanttocontactme.5.

on

condition

(that)引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)的從句是主語發(fā)生的唯一條件Ican

tell

youthe

truth

on

conditionthat

youpromise

to

keep

a

secret.我可以告訴你真相,條件是你答應(yīng)保守秘密。6.provided

(that)引導(dǎo)He

willsignthecontractprovided

weoffermore

favorable

terms.如果我們提出更優(yōu)惠的條件,他就會(huì)在合同上簽字。寫作練習(xí)學(xué)生可以打工，只要他們能夠平衡學(xué)習(xí)和工作，并且合理安排好自己的時(shí)間。Studentscantakepart-time

jobsprovided

thatthey

can

balance

work

and

study

and

plan

theirtime

properly.政府應(yīng)該探索太空，只要他的財(cái)政不緊張。The

government

can

explore

the

space

providedthat

itsbudget

isnottight.二、時(shí)間狀語從句1.when引導(dǎo)2.while引導(dǎo)3.as引導(dǎo)4.before/after引導(dǎo)5.until/till引導(dǎo)6.as

soonas引導(dǎo)1.when引導(dǎo)When

you

do

a

bit

better

thanothers,they'dbe

jealous

and

they'd

admire

you

when

youmake

a

huge

difference.當(dāng)你超過別人一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)，別人會(huì)嫉妒你；當(dāng)你超過別人一大截，別人就會(huì)羨慕你。Take

the

chance

while

youstill

have

the

choice.當(dāng)你還有得機(jī)會(huì)選擇時(shí)，不妨冒險(xiǎn)一試。我老婆看報(bào)紙的時(shí)候，我在看電視。While

my

wife

wasreading

the

newspaper,

Iwas

watching

TV.2.while引導(dǎo)while表示對比，轉(zhuǎn)折Some

people

think

adults

should

learn

practicalskills

by

themselves,

while

others

think

theyshould

learn

from

teachers.

Discuss

both

viewsand

give

your

ownopinion.(2010/7/15W)Love

is

a

lamp,

while

friendship

is

the

shadow.When

the

lampis

off,you

will

find

theshadoweverywhere.

Friend

iswho

cangiveyoustrength

atlast.愛情是燈，友情是影子，當(dāng)燈滅了，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)你的周圍都是影子。朋友，是在最后可以給你力量的人。3.as引導(dǎo)As

you

grow

older,

you

will

discover

that

you

havetwo

hands,

one

for

helping

yourself

and

the

otherfor

helping

others.----Audrey

Hepburn當(dāng)你再成熟有擔(dān)當(dāng)一點(diǎn)后，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)你有兩只手，一只是用來助己，另一只用助人。----奧黛麗·赫本W(wǎng)e

always

sing

as

we

walk.我們總是邊走邊唱。4.before/after引導(dǎo)My

father

had

left

for

N.Y.

just

before

theletter

arrived.我父親恰好在信到之前去紐約了。After

you

think

it

over,

please

let

me

knowwhat

you

decide.你仔細(xì)考慮過之后告訴我你的決定。5.until/till引導(dǎo)直到...我工作到他回來為止。I

workeduntilhe

came

back.not...until(否定形式表達(dá)肯定意義)I

didn't

go

to

bed

until

my

father

came

back.9：00我討厭等待，可如果等待能讓我贏得你，那我會(huì)一直等著，直到擁有你。I

don’t

like

waiting.

But

if

waitingmeanshaving

you,

then

I

will

wait

until

I

have

you.只要一個(gè)人還有追求，他就沒有老。直到后悔取代了夢想，一個(gè)人才算老。A

man

is

not

old

as

long

as

he

is

seekingsomething.

A

man

is

not

old

until

regrets

takethe

place

ofdreams.6.as

soon

as引導(dǎo)一...就我一到加拿大，我就打電話給你。As

soon

as

Ireach

Canada,I'll

ringyouup.As

soon

as

you

stop

wanting

something,

youget

it.

------AndyWarhol.當(dāng)你不再期待什么東西的時(shí)候，你就會(huì)得到。一...就the

moment/minute/instantThe

minute

you

think

of

giving

up,

think

of

thereason

why

you

held

on

solong.在你想要放棄的那一刻，想想為什么當(dāng)初堅(jiān)持走到了這里。immediately/directly/instantlyI'll

go

there

directly

I

have

finished

my

dinner.一吃完晚飯，我就去那兒。三、原因狀語從句1.

because引導(dǎo)2.

since引導(dǎo)3.

as引導(dǎo)4.

for引導(dǎo)5.now

that引導(dǎo)6.seeing/considering引導(dǎo)劍7,T1,R2劍7,T1,R21.

because引導(dǎo)直接原因，多放主句后重要的是，你要為自己負(fù)責(zé)，因?yàn)闆]人會(huì)來幫你。It's

important

to

takeresponsibilities,

becauseno

one

else

is

going

to

doit

for

you.2.since引導(dǎo)“既然”

表示大家都知道的原因。Sinceeveryone

is

here,

let's

begin.既然大家都在這兒了，那就開始吧。既然沒有人反對，那我們就通過吧。Since

noone

isagainstit,

we'llpassit.既然認(rèn)準(zhǔn)一條道路，何必去打聽要走多久。Sinceyou

have

aimedat

one

wayto

go,why

areyou

askinghow

longit

takes?3.

as引導(dǎo)“由于”語氣較弱/緩和As

his

wife

requests

it,

he'll

come.He'll

come

becausehis

wife

requests

it.As

myeldersister

hadnocar,

shestayedathome.As

itis

Sunday,we

stayathome.4.

for引導(dǎo)表原因，不放句首The

day

breaks,because

the

sun

is

rising.The

daybreaks,

forthebirdsare

singing.推測意味Some

peopletendto

takecontemporaryjobs,for

theyhave

thetimetodo

other

thingstheyare

interested

in.

(09/12/3)I

am

not

afraid

of

tomorrow

for

I

haveseenyesterday

and

love

today.我不害怕明天，因?yàn)槲医?jīng)歷過昨天，又熱愛今天。Never

lose

an

opportunity

ofseeinganything

beautiful,

for

beauty

isGod'shandwriting.美是上帝的手跡，千萬不要錯(cuò)過欣賞的機(jī)會(huì)。5.

now

that引導(dǎo)既然你是個(gè)男子漢，就不要做這樣的事。Now

thatyou

area

man,you

mustnot

dosuchthings.四、目的狀語從句簡單句forin

order

toso

as

toto從句in

order

that.....so

that.....so...that?Inordertobeirreplaceableonemustalways

bedifferent.

——Coco

Chanel要做到不可替代，就要與眾不同?！煽伞は隳蝺篛ne

must

always

be

differentin

order

that

he

is

irreplaceable.我要早起以便能趕上早班車I'll

get

up

early

so

that

I

can

catch

up

the

early

bus.我把窗戶打開以便新鮮空氣能進(jìn)來I

opened

the

window

so

that

fresh

air

might

come

in.他裝病以便能待在家里He

pretended

to

be

ill

in

order

that

he

could

stay

at

home.他一直很努力地學(xué)習(xí)以便能夠取得進(jìn)步He

always

studies

so

hard

that

he

may

make

great

progress.五、結(jié)果狀語從句so

thatso...that/such...

thatso...that/so

thatI'll

get

up

early

so

that

I

can

catch

up

the

early

bus.(目的)I

got

up

early

so

that

I

caught

up

the

early

bus.(結(jié)果)He

always

studies

so

hard

that

he

may

make

great

progress.(目的)Western

fast

food

is

so

tempting

that

few

children

can

resist

itstemptation.(結(jié)果)以便？以至于？so...

thatso+adj/adv+that

如此...以至于她是如此聰明的女孩以至于我們都很喜歡她。She

is

so

clever

that

we

all

like

her

very

much.我起得很早才趕上早班車。I

got

up

so

early

that

I

caught

up

the

early

bus.西餐如此有誘惑力，以至于沒有小孩能夠抵制它的誘惑。Western

fast

food

is

so

tempting

that

few

children

can

resist

itstemptation.有時(shí)候，人太關(guān)注于想要得到的東西，卻忘記了自己所擁有的一切。Sometimes,

we’re

so

busy

wishing

for

what

wewant

thatweforgetall

thatwealreadyhave.六、讓步狀語從句1.although/

though引導(dǎo)2.

as引導(dǎo)3.even

if/though4.no

matter+特殊疑問詞1.

although/

though引導(dǎo)Although

I

am

tired,

I

must

go

onworking.Though

heis

young,heknowsa

lot.although比though正式2.

as引導(dǎo)as引起倒裝Young

as

he

is,

he

knows

a

lot.盡管他很丑，但他很溫柔。Ugly

ashe

is,he

istender.3.

even

if/thoughEven

thoughyou

only

have

theshadowofyourself

with

you,

don't

forget

to

smile

toyourself.就算只有自己的影子陪伴，也不要忘記對自己微笑。即使有人打碎了你的心，總還是會(huì)有人，愿意修補(bǔ)好它。Even

if

someone

breaks

your

heart,

there

isalways

someone

willing

to

mendit.37.

what

does

the

writer

say

about

America’s

waste

problem?A.

It

will

increase

in

line

with

population

growth.B.

It

is

not

as

important

as

we

have

been

led

to

believe.C.

It

has

been

reduced

through

public

awareness

of

the

issues.D.

It

is

only

significant

in

certain

areas

of

the

country.劍5,T1,R3對應(yīng)原文The

fourth

factor

is

poor

individual

perception.

Peopleworry

that

the

endless

rise

in

the

amount

of

stuff

everyonethrows

away

will

cause

the

world

to

run

out

of

places

todispose

of

waste.

Yet,

even

if

America’s

trash

outputcontinues

to

rise

as

it

has

done

in

the

past,

and

even

if

theAmerican

population

doubles

by

2100,

all

the

rubbishAmerica

produces

through

the

entire

21st

century

will

stilltake

up

only

one-12,000th

of

the

area

of

the

entire

UnitedStates.4.no

matter+特殊疑問詞nomatter

when=whenevernomatter

how=howevernomatter

what=whateverno

matter

where=whereverNo

matterwhen

you

start,

itisimportantthatyou

do

not

stop

after

starting.

No

matter

whenyou

end,

it

ismore

importantthat

you

donotregret

afterended.不論你在什么時(shí)候開始，重要的是開始之后就不要輕言放棄。不論你在什么時(shí)候結(jié)束，重要的是結(jié)束之后就不要后悔。不管心情如何，不論今天過得怎么樣，無論身在何方，請記得...微笑No

matter

what

mood

you're

in,

what

kind

ofday

you

had,

or

where

you

are,

SMILE.不要把別人的關(guān)心當(dāng)成理所當(dāng)然。不管他有多愛你，最終也會(huì)有疲憊的一天。

Don't

take

people's

care

for

granted.

No

matterhow

much

they

loveyou,

people

gettiredeventually.熱愛我生命中的每一瞬間，不論是好是壞。Love

everymoment

ofmy

life，

no

matter

it'sgoodornot.七、地點(diǎn)狀語從句where引導(dǎo)有志者事竟成Wherethere

isa

will,there

isa

way.有愛的地方就有希望。Where

there

is

love,

there

is

hope.八、方式狀語從句真題再現(xiàn)劍7,T2,R19

original

religious

purpose原文：The

multi-storey

pagoda

came

to

Japan

fromChina

in

the

sixth

century.

As

in

China,

they

werefirst

introduced

with

Buddhism

and were

attached

toimportant

temples.A:

both

Chinese

and

Japanese

pagodasB:

only

Chinese

pagodasC:

only

Japanese

pagodasA1.

as/just

as正如，就像2.

as

if/though好像,似乎The

little

girl

looks

as

if

she

is

going

to

cry.虛擬He

acted

as

if

nothing

had

happened.IneedhimlikeIneedtheairto

breathe.我需要他，正如我需要呼吸空氣。?3.

like真題再現(xiàn)劍4,

T2,

R1(Yes

/

No/

Not

Given)13.

The

loss

of

linguistic

diversity(語言多樣性)isinevitable(不可避免的).對應(yīng)原文…..‘preserving(保護(hù))a

language

is

more

like

preservingfruits

in

a

jar,’

he

says.YES名詞汪欣改一改It’s

a

hard

work.It’sa

hard

job.

It’s hardwork.Could

I

have

three

papers

,please？Could

Ihave

three

piecesof

paper,

please?I

want

manywater.I

wantmuch

water.普通名詞可數(shù)名詞可以用a/an/數(shù)字修飾可以加s不可數(shù)名詞不能用a/an/數(shù)字修飾不能加s可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)不能打“光棍”?。。。。。。。?！我喜歡蘋果。I

likeapple.1.+修飾詞(I

like

eating

this/that/the/my

apple.)2.+s(I

like

apples.)可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則名詞+s/es/ves不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式危機(jī)crisis基礎(chǔ)basis數(shù)據(jù)datum現(xiàn)象phenomenon原則criterioncrisesbasesdataphenomenacrit