外刊經(jīng)貿(mào)知識(shí)選讀復(fù)習(xí)自考課后習(xí)題答案

三、課后問題：

1、Whafsthemeaningof“thepatternofChina'sforeigntrade”？

“ThepatternofChina'sforeigntrade”referschiefly主要的）tothe

commoditystructureofChina'sforeigntradeandhertradepartnershipwiththe

world.

2、Whatkindofclauseisintroducedby“when”inthesentenceofthethird

paragraph,section1?Anadverbial狀語）clauseoranattributive定語）

one?

Anattributiveclause

AaOfficialrecognitionthatforeigntechnologycouldplayamajorrolein

modernizingtheChineseeconomyhadcausedimportstorisebymorethan

50percentin1978placingunduestrain（過度負(fù)擔(dān)）onthenational

economy.”中國政府認(rèn)識(shí)到，國外技術(shù)對(duì)本國經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)代化作用重大，這使

1978年中國的進(jìn)口額增長了5%!上，結(jié)果國民經(jīng)濟(jì)背上了沉重的負(fù)擔(dān)。）

Whydidthemorethan50%riseinimportsof1978placeunduestrain

onChina'snationaleconomy?

Moreforeignexchanges（夕卜￥匚）isrequiredformoreimports.Allsectionsof

China'snationaleconomywouldhavetoworkharderandbettertoexportand

earnmorefortheimportsincreased.

4、Whafs“anetgrainexporter糧食凈出口國）“？Doesitmeanonewhohas

neverdoneanyimports?

“Anetgrainexporter“shouldbeonewhohasdonebothimportsandexports

oftheitem,butfinallyexportedmorethanimportedwithinaperiodoftime.

\“Thestrongincreaseinimportslastyearisattributedtobuoyanteconomic

activityaswellastothesuccessoftheGovernmenfstradeandforeign

investmentpolicies.”去年進(jìn)口額的大大增加不僅是由于政府貿(mào)易政策與對(duì)

外投資政策的成功，而且是由于趨于上升的經(jīng)濟(jì)。）

WhatdidChina'sforeigninvestmentpolicieshavetodowith（與??.有關(guān)）

herstrongincreaseinimports?

Foreigncapital（夕卜資）hasflowedinto流入）Chinamostlyintheformof

foreignindustrialinvestorstosetupproductionfacilities（生產(chǎn)設(shè)備）locally（在

地方上，本地）togetherwiththeirChinesepartnersoralone.Forproduction

efficiency（效率）andotherreasons,asaruletheybringintechnologyand

equipmentfromabroadtoequip（裝備）themselves.Thus（因止匕）itwouldresult

inariseinimports.

6、“Chineseofficialsstresstheimportanceofintroducingadvancedtechnology

todomesticindustry,buttheneedisfortechnologyofvaryingdegreesof

sophistication,notnecessarilyforadvancedtechnologyasthetermis

understoodintheWest.”中國官員強(qiáng)調(diào)向國內(nèi)工業(yè)部門引進(jìn)國外先進(jìn)技術(shù)

的重要性，但他們需要是不同先進(jìn)程度的技術(shù)，而不是一定需要西方國家所

理解的那種純粹的先進(jìn)技術(shù)。）

Whafstheimplication（含義）oftheunderlinedpartoftheparagraph

quoted（引用）above?

Chinaisadevelopingcountrywithherowneconomiccondition.In

introducingadvancedtechnologyintoourcountry,wewouldfirstchoosethose

mostneededandapplicable（可適用的）atthepresentstage（階段，B寸期）ofour

economicdevelopment.

7、“Theauthoritiesdonotconsideritappropriatetoincurlargemountsof

externaldebtuntilanumberofpracticalbottlenecksintheeconomy9suchas

aninadequatetransportnetworkandenergyconstraints,havebeen

tackled.在經(jīng)濟(jì)中的許多實(shí)際障礙一一如運(yùn)輸能力不足和能源缺乏一一被克

服之前，中國政府不贊成招來大筆外債的做法。）

WhydidChinarefusetoborrowmoreuntiltheirtransportcapacity

andenergysupplyhavefurtherincreased?

China'sfinancialborrowingisforindustrializationandmodernization.Without

well-developedtransportnetworkandenoughenergysupply,however,industry

andtheentire整個(gè)的，全部的）economycouldnotbefurther（促進(jìn)，更多的）

expanded擴(kuò)大的,展開的）successfully.Therefore（因止匕）,ifsnotimefor

borrowingthemthen,whichcouldnotbeeffectively（有效的）usedandresultonly

inheavyinterestpayment.

8、"China'saccessto（有權(quán)使用）substantial（大量的）sumsofmoneyfrom

theWorldBankalsoreducestheneedtoborrowoncommercialterms."（中

國可以在世界銀行中借貸巨額資金，這減少了中國以商業(yè)條件進(jìn)行接待的數(shù)

量）

Whatdoes^borrowoncommercialtermsnimply（暗示）here?Andwhy

doesChinapreferloansfromtheWorldBank?

“Commercial”carries意味）themeaningofhavingprofit-makingasthe

aim.（以獲得利潤為目標(biāo)）“Toborrowoncommercialterms^^istoborrowatthe

regularbusinessinterestrates（withoutanyspecialfavorreceivedfromthebank）.

ChinaborrowsfromtheWorldBankGroupforlowerinterestratesandother

favorableconditions

三、課后問題：

1、“AclearlyconfidentChinahasrolleduplargesectionofitsbamboo

curtain小dareditself'opentotheoutsideworld9andhungsignsonnearlyall

itscitiesinvitingforeigninvestorstocomeanddoseriousbusiness.”（一個(gè)顯然是

自信的中國已卷起了一大截竹幕，宣布他要“對(duì)外開放”，并幾乎在每一個(gè)城市

都掛出了招牌，歡迎外商前來做正當(dāng)生意。）

InwhatisChinaconfidentinopeningthecountrytotheoutsideworld?

Thecountryisfullyconfidentinhesocialsystem（社會(huì)體系）Socialism（社會(huì)

主義）withChinesecharacteristicswhenChinaisopenedtotheoutsideworldthough

itseemsunavoidable（不可避免的）thatallsortsof（各式各樣的）Westernideas

andtheirwayoflifearetobebroughtintogetherwith（力□上，和）theinflowof（流

入所需資本和技術(shù)）theneededcapitalandtechnology.

2、“Thefourspecialeconomiczones（SEZs）inGuangdongandFujianprovinces,

14coastalcities（allformertreatyports）andHainanisland（19uopennareasin

all）havespecificallydesignedtaxandotherincentivesfortheforeigninvestor.”

（廣東與福建兩省的四個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)，14個(gè)沿海開放城市（均為以前與清政府的

條約所開放的城市，及海南島（共19個(gè)地區(qū)）都有為國外投資者特地制定的稅

收和其他鼓勵(lì)投資政策。）

Whatpartofthesentenceisthewordtaxhere?

Heretax（anoun名詞）isusedasanattributeto（歸因于）modify（修飾）

“incentive”.

3、Whywasforeigndirectinvestmentconsidered“arealelementof

competition（真正的競爭因素）"in"thecountry'seconomic-development

programme”（在該國的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中）？

Atthetimeofwritingthearticle（1984）,thereform（改革）ofChina'seconomic

structurejustbegan,andmostofherownenterpriseswerenotquiteself-responsible

（自我負(fù)責(zé)）yetforgainsandlossesintheirbusinessoperation.Incontrast（相反）,

theenterpriseswithforeignfundswereorganizedontheprinciple（法貝!］、原則）of

themarketeconomyandtheyhadtobeactiveincompetitionforsurvival（生存），with

no“samebigpan（平底鍋）"toeatfrom.Inthissense（從這種意義上說、在這方面）,

theywereconsidered“arealelementofcompetition.^^

4、Couldyoufindasubstitute（代替品）forthewordracein“theracetoget

foreigntechnologyandfunds”？（競相引進(jìn)國外技術(shù)與資金）

drive（n.）運(yùn)動(dòng)

5、“TheChinese...aspiretoowncolorTVsets,refrigerators,trucks,washing

machinesandbetterradios,bicyclesandclothing/5

Whatisimplied（暗指）byusingtheword“better”？（Does“better”refer

merely（只不過，僅僅）tothequalityofgoodshere,orsomethingmore?）

“better”impliesthattheyhadalreadyhadthingslikeradios,bicyclesandclothing,

butexpectedtohavebetterones.

6、“Evenlocalfactoriesaretakingnoteofthevastpotential（潛力）salesintheir

owndomesticmarket."（即使當(dāng)?shù)貜S商也注意到其國內(nèi)市場巨大的銷售量潛力）

Inwhatsenseisthewordsalesusedinthesentence?

Inthegivencontextthemeaningofsalesisquantitiestobesold.

7、Howwouldyouparaphrase"takenliterally”？（從字面上講）

IfGuMiTsstatement（陳述）isunderstoodintheword-for-word（逐字的）way.

8、Whatdoes^administrativesupport”（行政支持）inthetextreferto?

Administrativesetupsresponsiblefor（為.??負(fù)責(zé)）absorbing（吸弓|）foreigndirect

investmentandrelevant（有關(guān)的）localrulesandregulations（官方的規(guī)章制度）.

9、Whatis“awell-placedsource”?（消息靈通人士）

Sourcehereisusedinthesenseofasourceofinformation,whichmightreferstoa

personororganization,66Awell-placedsource“shouldbeanofficialwhois

well-informedbecauseofhisspecialposition.

10、“Thecentralgovernmenfsdeterminationtoraisethelevelofindustrial

technologyisclearlybehindthedecisiontoopenthe14coastalcities."（中央政府

決心提高工業(yè)技術(shù)水平顯然是作出作出開放14個(gè)沿海城市的決定的原因）。

Whatyourparaphrase（解釋）oftheabovesentence?Doesitmeanthatthe

“determination”wasthereasonforthedecision?

Thereasonforthedecisionwasthedetermination.

11、“Thecombinedindustrialoutput（產(chǎn)量）ofthe15coastalareasisreportedly

（據(jù)報(bào)道）equaltoaquarterofthenation'stotal.”（據(jù)報(bào)道，15個(gè)沿海市、區(qū)的工

業(yè)產(chǎn)量總和相當(dāng)于該國工業(yè)總產(chǎn)量的四分之一）

Whatisthemeaningof“combined”inthesentence?

Couldyoufindanotherwordtoreplaceit?Whatisthat?

Together

12、“Butwhilethereasonsforthrowing19areasandcitiesopentoforeign

investmentandtechnologytransferareclear.（決/白向夕卜國投資與技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓開

放19個(gè)區(qū)、市的原因是蔣楚的）

"Throwing...open”basically（主要的,基本的）meanshaving...open,

doesn'tit?Thenwhatisthedifferenceinmeaningbetweenuthrowing19areas

andcitiesopen”andhaving...open?Whatmoredoesitmeanwhentheword

throwisused?

Throwcarriesthemeaningofdoingthatwithforce-determination（果斷）inthe

sentencequoted（提至Qabove.

13、”???，howthepreferentialsystemswilloperate（inthe19opendistricts）isnot

（clear）.Thisisduelargelyto（由于）theintensity（激烈）ofcompetitionamongthe

19…（但諸項(xiàng)優(yōu)惠制度將如何運(yùn)作，這一點(diǎn)卻還不得而知。其主要原因是19個(gè)開

放地區(qū)和城市間的競爭激烈。）

Howcould“theintensityofcompetitionamongthe19"，iftherewasone,

leadtosomeconfusion（混淆）inabsorbingforeigndirectinvestment?

Accordingtotheauthor'sownunderstanding,asthe19openareasandcitieswere

competingactively（激烈的）withoneanotherormoreforeigndirectinvestment,

theymadetheirpreferentialsystemsmoreandmoreattractive（有吸弓|力的）and

thuscomplicated（錯(cuò)綜的、復(fù)雜的）,hardtooperate.

14、“Thisisduelargelytotheintensityofcompetitionamongthe19,coupled

with（力口上）theinexperienceofmostlocalauthoritiesbothinmakingdecisions

andindealingwiththeoutsideworld?5（其主要原因是19個(gè)開放地區(qū)和城市間的

競爭激烈，加上大部分當(dāng)?shù)卣跊Q策與處理對(duì)外事務(wù)方面還缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)。）

Whatdoes“coupled”meanhere?Couldyoufindsomesubstitutesforit?

Together/along

15、Whatare“targetprojects”？（重點(diǎn)工程）

keyprojects中點(diǎn)（工程）項(xiàng)目

16、“Oneofficialwhoiswellawareoftheconfusionafflictingbothlocal

authoritiesandforeigninvestorsisJingShaping,presidentofChina

InternationalEconomicConsultants（顧問、咨詢）Inc.whichistheconsultancy

armoftheChinaInternationalTrustandInvestmentCrop.”（對(duì)這一令當(dāng)?shù)卣?/p>

與外國投資者都頭痛的混淆不輕的問題，中國國際經(jīng)濟(jì)咨詢有限公司的總裁荊

舒平最知情，該公司是中國國際信托投資公司附屬的咨詢性公司）

Whatisthemeaningoftheword“arm"here?CouldyouAndsomeother

wordtosubstitute?

Branch（分部）/department（部門）

17、“Thetimewillcomewhenthecitiesandzoneswillaskforhelpin

coordinating（協(xié)調(diào)）theirefforts."（有一天，這些市和區(qū)事會(huì)尋求援助以協(xié)調(diào)

它們的工作的）

Whatkindofclause（從句）doesuwhen^introduce?Anattributive（定語）

oranadverbial（狀語）one?Why?

anattributiveclause.

18、whileacomprehensiveframework（綜合準(zhǔn)則）forthecountry's

modernizationhasbeenprovided（提供）bythecentralcommittee飛（中央委員

會(huì)）21October1984decisiontoreformtheeconomicstructure,itwillbesome

timebeforethedustsettlesandlocalauthoritiesandforeigninvestorscandeal

withoneanotherinasystematicway.”（雖然中央委員會(huì)1984年10月21日改革

經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的決定為該國的現(xiàn)代化提供了一個(gè)綜合的準(zhǔn)則,但要等到塵埃落定、

要等地方政府與外國投資者能有條不紊的打交道還需要一段時(shí)間）

Whafsyouunderstandingof“thedustsettles"?

Theconfusionisremoved.

19、Whafs^stock-takingoftheopenpolicy”?（對(duì)開放政策評(píng)估）

reviewing（回顧、評(píng)論）（reexamining復(fù)試）oftheopenpolicy.

三、課后問題

1、“IfthereisaroadtoChina'sfuture,Highway204outofShanghaiisit."（如

果有通往中國的未來之路的話，那便是始自上海的204國道。）

1）Whatistheexactmeaningof“outof9hereinthesentence?

2）Whydoestheauthorcompare（比喻）Highway204totheroadtoChina's

future?（youmayanswerthequestionafteryou'vestudiedthewhole

article.）

答：1）“Highway204outofShanghai“isoneleadingoutofShanghai.

2）ThetrafficonHighway204issothick（擁擠）thatthetripalongtheroadishard.

Itindicates（表明）thatthoughChina'seconomyisbooming（繁榮）,itisstill

backwardandthereisalongandthereisalonganddifficultwayyettoChina's

brighterfuture-becomingthestrongesteconomicpowerintheworld.Rapid

developmentinChinaisoverwhelming（勢(shì)不可擋）itsbackward（落后）transport

networks,tobemoreaccurate（準(zhǔn)確）,itsinfrastructure（下部構(gòu)造）andevenits

economicconditions,whichlimititsfurtherdevelopment.

2、“Migrant（遷移）workerscrowdthenarrowshoulders”Whatdoes“shoulders”

referto?

答：“Shoulder^^heremeanstheedgesofaroad.

3、Eventually（結(jié)果、最后、終于）,industrygiveswaytoricefields,whichis

eingduguptobuildstillmorefactories/9

1）Whatdoesthephrase（短語）“togivewaytosomething”meaninthe

abovesentence?

2）Whatdoestheauthormeantoconvey（傳達(dá)）tothereaderswhenheused

theword“eventuallyn?

答：1）Togivewaytosomethingmeanstomakeroomforsomething（讓位于某物）in

thesentence.

2）Eventuallysometimesimplies（暗指）aninevitable（必然的、不可避免的）

result.

4、Pleaseexplainthefollowingphrasesastheyappearingtheirintheirrespective

（各自的）contexts:

udynamic（活躍的、生機(jī)勃勃的）economyn（paragraph2）

"theworldsdominant（占優(yōu)勢(shì)的、占統(tǒng)治地位的）economy”（paragraph3）

答：Accordingtotheirrespectivecontents,"dynamiceconomy^^referstoaneconomy

fullofenergy（活力）andactivity（活躍）精力充沛、旺盛；“theworld'sdominant

economy^^meanstheworld'smajoreconomicpower.

5、“Wedon'thavepeople,wedon'thavetime,"saysone.“Thingsaremovingtoo

fast.”

Whatisthemeaningof“Wedon'thavepeople”intheabovesentence?（Don't

theofficialsthinkwe'vealreadyhadthelargestpopulationintheworld?）

答：Chinaisshortoftechnicalandmanagementprofessionals（管理專業(yè)人員）.

6、“ManyeconomistsbelieveastandardestimateofChina'spercapitagross

nationalproduct（$370）isalreadytwotothreetimestoolow.”（許多經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家認(rèn)

為，對(duì)中國人均國民生產(chǎn)總值的權(quán)威估計(jì)太低了（370億美元），實(shí)際上應(yīng)該比

這一數(shù)字再高出2-3倍）

Accordingtotheinformationgiven,couldyoufigureouttheeconomists,idea

aboutChina'spercapitalGNP?

（HowmuchdotheseeconomistsbelievetheestimateofChina'spercapitaCNP

shouldbe?）

答：$740?$1110

7、“BillClintonhasappointedChinahandstotopAsiapostsattheStateand

Treasurydepartments/9

PleasetranslatetheabovesentenceintoChineseandexplaintheimplicationof

Mr.Clinton'saction.

答：比爾.克林頓已任命華人擔(dān)任國務(wù)院和財(cái)政部中負(fù)責(zé)亞洲事務(wù)的部門的要職。

8、Canyouparaphrasethefollowingsentenceinyourownwords,especiallythe

phraseaworkinprogress?（顯然，中國的經(jīng)濟(jì)正處于發(fā)展之中，遠(yuǎn)沒有發(fā)揮

出其十億多人口的巨大潛力。）

“Clearly,China'seconomyisaworkinprogress,nowherenearrealizingthe

potentialofitsbillion-pluspopulation.n

答：Clearly,China'seconomyisintheprocessofdevelopment,farfrom（遠(yuǎn)沒有）

realizing（實(shí)現(xiàn)）thepotentialofitspopulationofmorethan1billion.

9、“Chinaremainsprimarilyanationoffarmers,andthetransitiontoan

industrialfreemarketismuchlikethetrafficonHighway204-unpredictable?9

（中國首先仍然是一個(gè)農(nóng)業(yè)國家，他向工業(yè)化的自由市場轉(zhuǎn)變，這種轉(zhuǎn)變就像是

204國道的交通狀況一樣一一不可預(yù)知

1）Whatdoestheauthormeanbycomparing（比較、對(duì)比）thetransitionto

"thetrafficonHighway204”？

2）Accordingtotheinformationfromthearticle（giveninthenexttwo

sentencesfollowingtheaboveone）,whatchangesdoesChinaneedin

ordertorealizethemarketeconomyintheauthor'sopinion?Isittotally

acceptabletoSocialistChina?

答：1）WhattheauthormeanttosayisthatmovingonHighway204wereboth

local（當(dāng)?shù)氐摹⒌胤降模﹐ld-style（舊式的、老派的）vehicles（車輛、交通工具）

andforeignautos（汽車）ofthelatestfashion（最新樣式），andlikethatinChina's

economyco-exist（共存）hernationalenterprisesoriginally（最初、原文臺(tái)）founded

（創(chuàng)建）fortheplannedeconomyandotherbusinessesfoundedfororadaptedto

（適合）themarketeconomy:thestructureofChina9seconomyisunderchangebut

notdecideddefinitely（明確地）yet.

2）Thestate-ownedfirmsshouldbesoldorprivatized,andtheequipmentand

facilitiesinthosefirmsshouldberenovated.

No,itisn't.

10、“LastyeartheBeiBeiCompanyinZhangjiagangcleared$14millionon

exportsof10millionpairsofshoestoUSdepartmentstore.”（張家港的貝貝公

司，向美國百貨商場格出口了1000萬雙鞋，賺取了1400萬美元）

Pleaseexplaintheunderlinedpartintheabovesentence.

答：Theunderlinedpartrefertogain$14millionasaprofitonexports.

11、“JusttwoyearsagoSouthKoreanmanufacturerswereflourishing（繁榮、

興旺）oncontractsfromwesternathletic（運(yùn)動(dòng)的）footweargiants.......”

Whatdoes“on"mean?Canyougivesomemoreexamples?

答：Onhereisusedinthesenseofaccordingtoorinthebasisof.

e.g.Theymadetheirownjudgmentonhisreport.

ShestudiesinCambridgeUniversityonscholarship.

12、"SincethenmuchofthebusinesshasshiftedtoChina,dealingahardblowto

theSouthKoreanshoeindustry.”自那以后，大多數(shù)業(yè)務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)向中國，這嚴(yán)重打擊

了韓國的制鞋業(yè)。

1）Pleaseexplainthemeaningof“shift”andfindasynonym?

2）Whatpartofthesentenceisthephraseintroducedbydealing?What

doesitshow?

答：1）轉(zhuǎn)移transferred

2）adverbial（狀語）;anadverbialofresult

13、^Membershipinthisdub,whichincludesalltheworld'sleadingeconomies,

couldprovideahugeboostforalow-wageexporteconomy.”這個(gè)組織的成員包

括了所有世界經(jīng)濟(jì)強(qiáng)國，成為其成員國可以大大促進(jìn)低工資出口經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。

Howmanyreasonsarementionedinthesentencefor“ahugeboost”？

Inwhatwaycouldlowwagespromotetheexport?

答：1）one

2）Lowwagesmeanslowcostsofthegoodsproduced,andlostcostsresultinlow

priceswhichrender（致使）thegoodscompetitiveintheworldmarket.

14、aAlreadythough,China'scommercialstrengthisstaringtoworry

competitors-盡管如此，中國商貿(mào)的實(shí)力使中國開始成為令人擔(dān)心的競爭者。

Whatpartofspeechistheword"though”？Whatpartofthesentenceisit?And

whatisthemeaningitimplies（暗指）？

答：Adv.（副詞）,adverbial（狀語）,however.

15、"ThetradesurplusitselfwillbetheNo.1problemthisyear,”saysone

Chineseofficial.6<AfterJapanwe'llbethefirstinlineforretaliation.”“貿(mào)易順

差本身就將成為本年度的首要問題”一位中國政府官員說?！拔覀儗⑹窃谌毡局?/p>

后第一個(gè)遭到報(bào)復(fù)的國家?！?/p>

Canyoufindoutwhytradesurpluswouldbeaproblemandforwhatreason（s）

oronwhatexcuse“wemightberetaliated?

答：Onecountry'stradesurpluswouldbesomeothercountry9stradedeficit（逆差、

赤字）.Ifit'stoobig,itwouldbealossfortheimporter,bothfinanciallyand

economically.

Thecountrywithhugetradesurplusmightbeaccused（才空告、歸罪）ofdumping

（傾銷）orusingother9simportquotaillegally（非法的、不合法的）asinthetextile

trade.

16、“Andtherestoftheworldwilllookfoolishifitletsitselfbecaughtby

surprise-而世界上其余的國家，如果仍對(duì)此感到驚奇的話，那他就未免顯得太

愚蠢了。

Whatdoestheauthorimplybytheabovewords?

答：ItisquitenaturalforChinatobecomeoneoftheworld'slargesteconomiesinthe

21stcentury.Peopleneedn'tfeelsurprised.

三、課后問題

1、Whafsthemeaningofaggregatein“Aggregateoutput”and“Aggregate

statisticsn?

答：Aggregate（adj.）:madeofseveralparts,total.

2、PutthefollowingsentenceintoChineseandseewhatpartofthesentencethe

underlinedpartis.

“ExcludingCentralandEasternEurope,growthindevelopingcountries

inl991was3.4percent,comparedwith3.8percentduringthe1980.”

答：1）除去中歐、東歐國家，發(fā)展中國家1991年經(jīng)濟(jì)增長率是3.4%,而其八

十年代的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長率是3.8%。

2）Itisanadverbialmodifierforcomparison（比較狀語修飾語）

3>aEstimatesofGDPgrownbymajorgeographicregionshowanaccelerationin

LatinAmericaandinsub-SaharahAfrica,...^

Whatdoesthereportmeantoemphasizeusingthewordugeographicn?（Is

thereanyotherwayindividing區(qū)分的、劃分的theworld?）

答：ThatisthatinestimatingtheGDPbygroup,thecountrieswerenotclassified

definitely（明確的）bythelevelofindustrializationintodevelopingcountries,

developedones,etc,asoften.

4、Howdidinternationalconditionsforgrowthindevelopingcountries

deteriorate使）惡化in1991?（Inwhatwaycouldtheslowdowninindustrial

countriesaffectdevelopingcountries?）（paragraph3and4）

答：AfterWorldWarII,theeconomicgrowthofmanydevelopingcountriesdepends

substantially生要的、充分的）onexport.WiththeWesterneconomies

slackening（放緩、減少）then,theycouldnotenjoyasmuchasoverseasmarket

asbefore.

5、“Thesevenmajorindustrialcountries（theG-7）experiencedsignificant

slowdowninGDPgrowth--from2.8percentin1990to1.9percentduring

1991asrecessiongrippedCanada,theUnitedKingdom,andtheUnitedStates

andgrowthratesslowedincontinentalEuropeandJapan.”由于力□拿大、英國、

美國的經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)出現(xiàn)衰退，歐洲大陸和日本經(jīng)濟(jì)增長速度放緩,七個(gè)大工業(yè)國（七

國集團(tuán)）的國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的增長明顯減緩一一由從1990年增長2.8%降到了1991

年增長1.9%。

Whatdoesthewordugripnimply（暗示、意味）inthissentence?

答：Thebasicmeaningofgrip（v.）istoholdfirmly.Inthegivencontext,itimplies

thattherecession不景氣、退后）washardforthecountriestogetridof.

6、Whatwerethemainreasonsfortherecession,accordingtoParagraph3?

答：Themainreasonswere:weaknessindemandmorecloselyrelatedtothelossof

momentum要素、動(dòng)力）thathadbuiltup（力口強(qiáng)、增進(jìn)）duringthelongperiod

ofexpansion（擴(kuò)充、開展）thatbeganinl983;thecyclicaldecelerationin

investmentspending（周期性的投資下降）.

7、“Againstthisdeterioratingglobalbackground,theimprovementineconomic

performanceinafewdevelopingregionsin1991■—whichcarriedoverinto

1992…wasespeciallynoteworthy.”在全球背景惡化的背景下，1991年，少數(shù)發(fā)

展中地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)出現(xiàn)了改善的跡象，一一并持續(xù)到1992年一一尤其引人矚目。

Canyoufindwhat“which”standsfor（代替）?.

答："Theimprovement

8、“AlsonoteworthywastheimplementationbytheParisClubofanewmenu

ofenhancedconcessionsindebtreschedulingfortheseverelyindebted,

low-incomecountries.”同樣引人注目的是，巴黎俱樂部為債臺(tái)高筑的低收入國家

的沖洗安排債務(wù)償還計(jì)劃而實(shí)施的新的家大讓步的計(jì)劃。

Whatdoestheword"menu"intheabovesentencemean?（Canyoufind

someotherwordtoreplaceit?

答：Arrangements.

9、“ItcontinuestodecelerateinNorthAmericaandedgeddowninJapan."（通

貨膨脹）在北美和日本繼續(xù)下滑

Canyoutellthedifferencebetweendecelerateandedgedown.

答：Toedgedownistodecelerateslowly.

10、Whatdoesstructuralmeaninthe^structuralproblems“discussedinthe

secondparagraphofthesectionunderthetitleof“majorIndustrialCountries”？

答：Itmeans“oforconcerning關(guān)于）thesocialsystemormanagerialsystem^^.

11、Whatdoes“thefourlargestEuropeaneconomies”mentionedinthesame

paragraph?

答：TheyareFrance,Germany,ItalyandtheUnitedKingdom.

12、"Weakgrowthofcreditandafallinsomeassetpricesprobablyslowed

consumption（消費(fèi)量）,aswell.”貸款的若增長和一些資產(chǎn)價(jià)格的下跌可能也

減慢了消費(fèi)。

1）Did“afallinsomeassetprices”haveanythingtodowith“weakgrowthof

credit”?

2）Whatdoes“consumption”refertohere?Isitconsumptionofthe

consumergoodsorthatofthecapitalgoods?

3）Howcould“weakgrowthofcreditandafallinsomeassetprices”slow

downconsumption?

答：1）Lesscreditlimitedinvestmentandconsequently（結(jié)果）thedemandforsome

assetshadtobereduced,whichwouldresultinloweredpricesfortheitems.

2）Consumptionofbothcapitalgoodsandconsumergoods.

3）Thetighteningofcreditandaweakmarketmeanslessfundsforenterprisesin

investmentandreducedincomeforeitherbossesorworkers,whichwould

affectconsumption.

13、“Thetradecomponent（組成、構(gòu)成）ofthedeficitnarrowedaslowerinflation

andearlierdollardepreciationimprovedcompetitiveness,??.”由于較低的通

貨膨脹和先前的美元貶值加強(qiáng)了競爭，貿(mào)易赤字部分降低，……

1）Whatisyourparaphraseof“thetradecomponentofthedeficit”？

2）Inwhatwaycouldlowerinflationandearlierdollardepreciation

improvecompetitiveness?

答：1）Theeffectoftradeasacauseofthedeficit.

2）Fortheexporter,lowerinflationathomecouldhelpcutdownthecostoftheir

exports

andenablethemtolowerpricesforcompetitionabroad海外）；anationalcurrency's

depreciation（貨幣貶值）couldreducepricesoftheirexportsinforeigncountries

automatically（自動(dòng)的）andlegally（合法的），infavorof（有利于）their

competitivenessoverseas.

14、ReadcarefullytheinformationonGermanyinParagraph11ofthetextand

answerthefollowingquestion:

Whycouldtheappreciation贈(zèng)值、感激、評(píng)價(jià)）ofthedeutsche（德國馬克）mark

causetheGermancurrentaccounttoswift（迅速的、立亥U的）fromasurplus

（余額）toadeficit（赤字）？

答：Anappreciationofthenationalcurrencyusuallyhampersonecountry'sexportsas

itlifts（上升）thepricesoftheirproductsininternationaltrade.

15、Whatisan^accommodativemonetarypolicy^（肯通融的貨幣政策）?

答：Accommodativemeanshelpful,cooperative.

16、Readthefirstparagraphofthesectionwiththetitleof^Developing

Countries”andanswerthefollowingquestions:

1）Whatdoes"output”refertointhefirstsentence?Couldyouthinkof

somemorecommonwordingforthesameidea?

2）Whatdoes“ease”meanin"...realoutputeased??.”?

3）Howdoyouunderstandubroad-based（無限的、包含廣泛的）（factors）”

and“morespecific具體（factors）”inthethirdsentence?

答：1）GDPofthedevelopingcountries（seeTable2-3attached）.

2）Easeherecarriesthemeaningofbeginningtofall.

3）Inthegivencontext,64broad-based^^factorsrefertothoseapplicable可適用的）to

manyormostcases;"morespecific“onesshouldbethosejustapplicabletoafew

casesorevenjustsomeparticularone.17、aBecauseslowdowninindustrial-country

growthdampeneddemandforexportsofbothprimarycommoditiesand

manufacturesfromdevelopingcountries,thevolumeofmerchandiseexportsof

developingcountriesdeclinedby2percent.”由于工業(yè)化國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長緩慢，

降低了對(duì)發(fā)展中國家的初級(jí)產(chǎn)品和制造品的進(jìn)口需求，發(fā)展中國家商品出口量下

降了2%。

Whatis^merchandiseexports”？Whatistheotherkindoftrade?

答：Merchandiseusuallyincludesallitemsforsale.Inthetextitrefersspeciallyto

physicaltophysicalgoodsforexportascontrasttoservicesexported.

18、^StructuraltransformationandthecollapseoftradewiththeSovietUnion

anditssuccessorstatescombinedtoinduceadeeprecessioninmostofCentral

andEasterEurope,…”大多數(shù)中歐和東歐國家的結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整（體制改革）和與前蘇

聯(lián)及其后出現(xiàn)的各共和國的貿(mào)易額驟降，使其出現(xiàn)了大蕭條，

Whatdoestheauthormeanby^structuraltransformation”？

答：Achangeinthepoliticalandeconomicsystems.

19、”??.apick-upinChinahelpedsustainAsianactivity.”中國的經(jīng)濟(jì)好轉(zhuǎn)有助

于維持亞洲的經(jīng)濟(jì)活力。

Inwhatwaywouldthepick-upinChinahelpsustainAsianactivity?

答：1）EstimatesofGDPforeachgroupingoftheworldcountries,whichare

categorized（分類）onthebasisoftheirgeographicpositions.

2）Thepick-upenabled（激活的）Chinatoabsorbmoreimportsfromabroad,

includingAsiancountries.

20、Whatismarketdiversification（多樣的）？

答：Marketdiversificationismakingthemarketsvariousinform.

21、"TheGDPgrowthratein1991oftheSouthAsiaregionwas2.8percent,

downfrom5.9percentin1990.ThedeclinewaspartlycausedbyIndia'sreining

in（控制、限制）ofitsbudgetdeficit（預(yù)算赤字）andshort-termeffectofthe

implementation（執(zhí)行、實(shí)施）ofstrongemergencystabilizationmeasures.（緊

急穩(wěn)定措施）”這部分的是由于印度控制他們的預(yù)算赤字和執(zhí)行了強(qiáng)有力的緊急

穩(wěn)定措施的短期影響，加上蘇聯(lián)市場的瓦解和美國的衰退，造成了其工業(yè)活力和

出口額的急劇下降。

1）Whatisth