主謂一致 微課

Subject–verbagreementGrammarThe

boy___diving.They____diving.BothJackandTim___diving.All

ofthem____diving.NeitherJacknorTim___walking.isareareisareFinishthefollowingexercises.The

team

____somegoodplayers.(have)The

team____handsome.(be)hasareThesingeranddancer_____onthestage.isAknifeandfork____usedtohavemeals.isBobBob_____aworker.isMike

MikeandBob_____workers.areBothMikeandBob_______workers.areNeitherMikenorBob_______ateacher.isNone

ofthem___________(know)howtoteachEnglish.

knows/know主謂一致主謂一致是指謂語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上必須和主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)保持一致。這是英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中必須遵循的基本規(guī)則。主謂一致主要有以下幾種情況：二、意義一致原則三、就近原則一、語(yǔ)法一致原則一、語(yǔ)法一致主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)形式;主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。e.g.

Ioftenhelphimandheoftenhelps

me.

Weoftenhelpeachother.不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。二、意義一致主語(yǔ)形式雖為單數(shù),但意義為復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);主語(yǔ)形式為復(fù)數(shù),而意義為單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：Thecrowdwere

surroundingthegovernmentofficial.人群包圍了這位政府官員。Maths

is

hardtolearn.數(shù)學(xué)難學(xué)。三、就近原則就近原則即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的主語(yǔ)。Thereisapenandtwopencilsonthedesk.

桌子上有一支鋼筆和兩支鉛筆。注意:1.and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上單數(shù)名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有以下兩種情況:1)and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上不同的人或物作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：HeandIarebothstudentsofthisschool.Time

and

tide

waitfornoman.歲月不饒人。2)如果連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列結(jié)構(gòu)是指同一個(gè)人或物,或指同一概念時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),這時(shí)and后面的名詞前不加冠詞。如:表整體概念的并列結(jié)構(gòu)breadandbutterknifeandforkironandsteellawandorder配套事物：awatchandchainaneedleandthreadTheknifeandforkisonthedesk.刀叉放在桌子上。2.主語(yǔ)后面帶有with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,besides,like,without,except,including,but

等引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須與前面的主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上保持一致。e.g.The

teacher,togetherwithhisstudents,isplantingtreesinthegarden.老師和同學(xué)們正在花園里種樹(shù)。E-mail,aswellasthetelephones,______playinganimportantpartindailycommunication.is3.如果主語(yǔ)是不定式,動(dòng)詞-ing形式或主語(yǔ)從句時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Whatheisdoingseemsveryimportant.他正在做什么看起來(lái)很重要。Serving

the

peopleismygreathappiness.為人民服務(wù)是我最大的幸福。4.用連接的并列主語(yǔ)被each,every

或no修飾時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Every

boy

and

every

girlintheclassis

diligent.班里的每個(gè)男孩女孩都很用功。5.

each

of

+

復(fù)數(shù)代詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

Eachofushassomethingtosay.我們每個(gè)人都有些話(huà)要說(shuō)。6.不定代詞all,more,some,any,none等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞視情況而定?？捎脝螖?shù),也可用復(fù)數(shù);但當(dāng)它指代不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)看作單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Alltheapplesare

rotten.Alltheappleis

rotten.Noneofusare/isperfect.Noneofthemoney

isleft.7.復(fù)合不定代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

Someone

iscallingyou.

有人叫你。

Nothing

isfoundintheroom.

在屋里找不到什么東西。8.名詞如trousers,scissors,clothes,goods,glasses

等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù);而形復(fù)義單的名詞如news,以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱(chēng)如physics,politics,

國(guó)名如theUnitedStates;

報(bào)紙名如the

New

Times;

書(shū)名如Great

Expectations《遠(yuǎn)大前程》,以及theUnited

Nations作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

如：The

scissors

are

sharp.No

news

is

goodnews.Great

Expectations

was

writtenbyCharlesDickensin1860.9.集體名詞作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)，也可用復(fù)數(shù),主要由句子的意思決定。強(qiáng)調(diào)整體時(shí)用單數(shù),強(qiáng)調(diào)整體中的個(gè)體

的用復(fù)數(shù)。這類(lèi)名詞有people,family,

class,population,crowd,team等。His

family

is

goingout.

他們?nèi)乙獬觥is

family

are

allmusiclovers.

他們?nèi)叶际且魳?lè)愛(ài)好者。10.有些名詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),

謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由上下文決定。這類(lèi)名詞有

means,deer,sheep,Chinese,Japanese,

fish等。如：Notevery

means

isuseful.

并非每種方法都有效。Notall

means

areuseful.

并非所有的方法都有效。11.表示一類(lèi)人的“the+形容詞(分詞)”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。The

sick

intheaccident

have

beentakentothehospital.The

lost

have

beenfound.12.表示時(shí)間、金錢(qián)、距離、度量等名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),不管單復(fù)數(shù)形式,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：Thirty

years

is

notalongtime.30年的時(shí)間并不長(zhǎng)。Two

hours

is

enoughformetofinishthework.兩個(gè)小時(shí)對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)完成這項(xiàng)工作足夠了。13.在表存在的there

be

句式中,主語(yǔ)是兩個(gè)或多個(gè)并列名詞(短語(yǔ)),be的形式與最近的一個(gè)名詞(短語(yǔ))保持一致。

Thereisapen,twopencilsandseveralbooksonthedesk.=Thereare

two

pencils,apenandseveralbooksonthedesk.=Thereare

several

books,apenandtwopencilsonthedesk.14.用連詞or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso等連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。如：Neitheryounor

Iam

wrong.NeitherInor

you

are

wrong.Notonlythestudentsbutalso

the

teacher

enjoys

listeningtothe

music.Notonlytheteacherbutalso

the

students

enjoy

listeningtothemusic.用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。1.Heaswellashistwofriends___(be)goingforapicnicthisSaturday.2.Accordingtothereport,threehoursofoutdoorexerciseaweek____(be)goodforone’shealth.isis3.Theteacher,with6girlsand8boysofherclass,__________(visit)amuseumwhentheearthquakestruck.4.70percentofthestudentsinourclass_____(be)girls.5.Mostofhistime________(spend)oncomputergamesinthepast.wasvisiting

arewas

spent6.Thefootballteam____(be)madeupof22playersandtheteam____(be)veryyoung.7.Everymanandeverywoman___________(ask)tohelpwhentheearthquakebrokeout.8.Eitherheoryou____(be)interestedinplayingfootballinourclass.was

askedareare

is9.Atpresentthepolice__________(look)forthelostboywhosetrousers____(be)blue.10.Physics___(be)difficulttolearnandeverymeans_____________(try)toimproveit.are

lookingisare

has

been

tried

Oneortwodays____enoughtoseethecity．

A.isB.are C.amD.be2.NeithermywifenorImyself____abletopersuademydaughtertochangehermind．

A.is B.areC.amD.beChoosethebestanswer.

A

C3.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary____tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother．

A.is B.areC.amD.be4.Nottheteacher,butthestudents____lookingforwardtoseeingthefilm．

A.isB.areC.amD.beB

B

5.NobodybutBettyandMary____lateforclassyesterday．

A.wasB.wereC.hasbeenD.havebeen6.Awomanwithsomechildren____soon．

A.iscoming B.arecomingC.hascome D.havecomeA

A

7.Nooneexceptmyparents____anythingaboutthis.A.knowB.knowsC.isknownD.areknown8.Theteacheraswellasthestudents____thebookalready．

A.hasread B.havereadC.arereading D.isreading9.Allbutone____intheaccident．

A.waskilled B.werekilledC.willbekilled D.arekilled

B

BA

10.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory_____yet.A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotbeendecidedD.havenotdecided11.Thenumberofpeopleinvited_____fifty,butanumberofthem___absentfordifferentreasons.A.were;