碩士入學(xué)考試：2020年英語二考試真題與答案解析

碩士入學(xué)考試：2020年[英語二]考試真題與答案解析SectionIUseofEnglishDirections：Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Beingagoodparentis,ofcourse,whateveryparentwouldliketobe.Butdefiningwhatitmeanstobeagoodparentisundoubtedlyvery__1__,particularlysincechildrenresponddifferentlytothesamestyleofparenting.Acalm,rule-followingchildmightrespondbettertoadifferentsortofparentingthan,__2__,ayoungersibling.__3__,there’sanothersortofparentthat’sabiteasierto__4__:apatientparent.Childrenofeveryagebenefitfrompatientparenting.Still,__5__everyparentwouldliketobepatient,thisisnoeasy__6__.Sometimesparentsgetexhaustedandfrustratedandareunabletomaintaina__7__andcomposedstylewiththeirkids.Iunderstandthis.You’reonlyhuman,andsometimesyourkidscan__8__youjustalittletoofar.Andthenthe__9__happens:Youloseyourpatienceandeitherscreamatyourkidsorsaysomethingthatwasabittoo__10__anddoesnobodyanygood.Youwishthatyoucould__11__theclockandstartover.We’veallbeenthere.__12__,

eventhoughit’scommon,it’simportanttokeepinmindthatinasinglemomentoffatigue,youcansaysomethingtoyourchildthatyoumay__13__foralongtime.Thismaynotonlydodamagetoyourrelationshipwithyourchildbutalso__14__yourchild’sself-esteem.Ifyouconsistentlyloseyour__15__withyourkids,thenyouareinadvertentlymodelingalackofemotionalcontrolforyourkids.Weareallbecomingincreasinglyawareofthe__16__ofmodelingtoleranceandpatiencefortheyoungergeneration.Thisisaskillthatwillhelpthemallthroughoutlife.Infact,theabilitytoemotionallyregulateormaintainemotionalcontrolwhen__17__bystressisoneofthemostimportantofalllife’sskills.Certainly,it’sincredibly__18__tomaintainpatienceatalltimeswithyourchildren.Amorepracticalgoalistotry,tothebestofyourability,tobeastolerantandcomposedasyoucanwhenfacedwith__19__situationsinvolvingyourchildren.Icanpromiseyouthis:Asaresultofworkingtowardthisgoal,youandyourchildrenwillbenefitand__20__fromstressfulmomentsfeelingbetterphysicallyandemotionally.1.AtediousBpleasantCinstructiveDtricky2.AinadditionBforexampleCatonceDbyaccident3.AfortunatelyBoccasionallyCaccordinglyDeventually4.AamuseBassistCdescribeDtrain5.AwhileBbecauseCunlessDonce6.AanswerBtaskCchoiceDaccess7.AtolerantBformalCrigidDcritical8.AmoveBdragCpushDsend9.AmysteriousBillogicalCsuspiciousDinevitable10.AboringBnaiveCharshDvague11.AturnbackBtakeapartCsetasideDcoverup12.AoverallBinsteadChoweverDotherwise13.AlikeBmissCbelieveDregret14.AraiseBaffectCjustifyDreflect15.AtimeBbondCraceDcool16.AnatureBsecretCimportanceDcontext17.AcheatedBdefeatedCconfusedDconfronted18.AterribleBhardCstrangeDwrong19.AtryingBchangingCexcitingDsurprising20.AhideBemergeCwithdrawDescape今年完形填空的難度系數(shù)很小，基本無生詞，長難句也很少。講的是家長對(duì)孩子要有耐心，屬于比較生活的話題。下面我們一起來看一下答案及解析。1.【答案】Dtricky【解析】此處考察詞義辨析+上下文語境。文章首段首句為主題句：每位父母都想成為好的父母。空格句開頭為but，句意上出現(xiàn)了轉(zhuǎn)折，“但是如何定義好的父母是個(gè)難題”，since后給出了原因，“因?yàn)椴煌暮⒆訉?duì)待同樣的養(yǎng)育方式反應(yīng)也是不同的”。tricky意為“棘手的，困難的”，符合句意。2.【答案】Bforexample【解析】此處考察上下文邏輯關(guān)系。前面說了不同的孩子對(duì)待同樣的養(yǎng)育方式反應(yīng)也是不同的，此句為例證，如果換一種養(yǎng)育方式，一個(gè)冷靜而聽話的孩子可能會(huì)比他的弟弟或妹妹反應(yīng)更好些。所以用表示舉例分析的forexample最合適，其他選項(xiàng)另外、偶爾、意外地都不合適。3.【答案】AFortunately【解析】此處考察副詞詞義辨析+上下文語境?？崭袼诰渲赋觯哼€有一類父母描述起來會(huì)容易一些，這類就是非常耐心的父母。第一段告訴我們?nèi)绾味x怎樣才是好的父母是個(gè)難題，這里在上下文文義上是個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折，幸運(yùn)地是/還好，有一類父母比較容易定義，并且各個(gè)年齡段的孩子都可以從他們的養(yǎng)育方式中獲益。故選Fortunately，其他選項(xiàng)偶爾，對(duì)應(yīng)地，最終地都不合適。4.【答案】Cdescribe【解析】此處考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析+上下文語境。第一段告訴我們?nèi)绾味x怎樣才是好的父母是個(gè)難題，第二段出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折說但是有一類父母很好描述/定義，describe與define相呼應(yīng)，故選C符合句意。5.【答案】Awhile【解析】此處考察上下文邏輯關(guān)系?？崭袼诰渲赋觯弘m然每位父母都想成為耐心的父母，但這并不容易。逗號(hào)前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中while表轉(zhuǎn)折，選A符合句意。6.【答案】Btask【解析】此處考察名詞詞義辨析。雖然每位父母都想成為耐心的父母，但這不是個(gè)容易的差事/任務(wù)。task意為任務(wù)，其余選項(xiàng)答案，選擇，途徑/權(quán)限都不合適，故選B符合句意7.【答案】Atolerant【解析】此處考察形容詞詞義辨析?？崭袼诰渲赋鲇袝r(shí)父母會(huì)很累很沮喪，這時(shí)候?qū)Υ⒆泳秃茈y沉著冷靜（composed）和包容。tolerant意為包容的，故選A符合句意。8.【答案】Cpush【解析】此處考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析+上下文語境。你也不是圣人/你也只是普通人，而且有時(shí)候孩子會(huì)把你逼的很緊。push為催促/緊逼，此處move（移動(dòng)，使感動(dòng)），drag（拖拽），send（發(fā)送）均不符合句意，故選C。9.【答案】Dinevitable【解析】此處考察形容詞詞意辨析+上下文語境?？崭袂耙痪渲赋觯河袝r(shí)候孩子會(huì)把你逼的很緊?？崭窈笠痪渲赋瞿銜?huì)失去耐心，對(duì)孩子大吼大叫。那么這是孩子把你逼的很緊的必然結(jié)果，inevitable為無法避免的/必然的，故選D符合句意。10.【答案】Charsh【解析】此處考察詞義辨析+上下文語境。空格句句意：你會(huì)失去耐心并對(duì)孩子大吼大叫，而且有時(shí)候會(huì)說一些很傷人/刻薄的話，對(duì)每個(gè)人都沒好處。根據(jù)上下文，something后面的形容詞一定是貶義的，harsh為刺耳的/嚴(yán)格的，故選C。11.【答案】Aturnback【解析】此處考察動(dòng)詞搭配+上下文語境。空格句句意：你會(huì)希望時(shí)間倒流，一切重新再來。turnback為（使）往回走，takeapart為拆開/拆解，setaside為把....放一旁/不理會(huì)，coverup為蓋起來，均不符合句意，故選A。12.【答案】Chowever【解析】此處考察上下文邏輯關(guān)系?？崭窬渲赋觯喝欢?，即使是這是很普遍的現(xiàn)象，我們還是要牢記，哪怕只是一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)的疲憊，都會(huì)讓你對(duì)孩子說一些你會(huì)后悔很久的話。上一段描述了一般情況下父母是如何對(duì)孩子失去耐心，并且這很普遍（We'veallbeenthere/it'scommon)，空格句對(duì)比上一段發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)折，故選C。13.【答案】Dregret【解析】此處考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析+上下文語境。上一段描述了父母如何對(duì)孩子失去耐心，然后又希望時(shí)間倒流一切重新再來，那么疲憊時(shí)對(duì)孩子說的話一定是會(huì)讓你后悔（regret）的，其他選項(xiàng)喜歡，錯(cuò)過，相信均不符合上下文，故選D。14.【答案】Baffect【解析】考察動(dòng)賓搭配。結(jié)合原文語境，“這也許不僅會(huì)傷害你和孩子之間的關(guān)系，而且會(huì)...你的孩子的自尊”所以這里填上一個(gè)動(dòng)詞接后面的賓語自尊心，所以答案只能是affect,“影響自尊心”。而raise提高，養(yǎng)育；justify證明合理性；reflect影響，均不能合理搭配。15.【答案】Dcool【解析】本題考察動(dòng)賓搭配，也是主題復(fù)現(xiàn)，cool有“冷靜之意?！叭绻憧偸菍?duì)你的孩子失去...,”本文一直在探討的主題就是對(duì)孩子要有耐心，因此符合題意的只能是cool,而time時(shí)間，bond結(jié)合，紐帶，race比賽，種族都不符合這里的語境。16.【答案】Cimportance【解析】本題考察名詞的修飾關(guān)系，AofB的結(jié)構(gòu)中填名詞A，主要參照后面of結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)它的修飾作用。Of結(jié)構(gòu)在這里表示“建立對(duì)孩子寬容和耐心的...”聯(lián)系前面說”我們越來越重視...”因此符合題意的應(yīng)該是importance“重要性”nature，自然、天性；secret秘密，context環(huán)境。17.【答案】Dconfronted【解析】本題考查動(dòng)賓搭配，根據(jù)本題語境，“事實(shí)上，在....壓力時(shí)情緒調(diào)節(jié)或維持情緒控制的能力是所有生活技能中最重要的一項(xiàng)”，壓力前面應(yīng)該搭配“面對(duì)”故選擇confronted其他的cheated欺騙，defeated打敗，confused困惑均不符合。18.【答案】Bhard【解析】此處考察表語形容詞。主要參照跟前面的incredible加起來表示“不可避免的...一直對(duì)孩子保持耐心”可以先看選項(xiàng)terrible糟糕的，strange奇怪的，wrong錯(cuò)誤的，這三個(gè)都不能放在此處形成合理搭配，所以hard更合適。19.【答案】Atrying【解析】本題考察修飾關(guān)系。根據(jù)原文語境“一個(gè)更實(shí)際的目標(biāo)是去嘗試，盡你最大的能力，當(dāng)你面對(duì)涉及孩子的...情況時(shí)，盡可能地寬容和冷靜”需要父母寬容和冷靜的應(yīng)該是不太好的情況，答案trying做形容詞表示“令人厭煩的”最合適。changing變化，exciting激動(dòng)人心的surprising令人驚訝的，均不能體現(xiàn)這里的含義。20.【答案】Bemerge【解析】考察動(dòng)賓搭配，這里的句義是“朝著這個(gè)目標(biāo)努力的結(jié)果是，你和你的孩子將受益并從很有壓力的這些時(shí)候...，在身體和情感上感覺更好”。只有“浮現(xiàn)，出現(xiàn)”最符合，所以選擇emerge，而hide隱藏，withdraw撤退，escape逃避均為負(fù)面含義，故不符合。SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）Text1Ratsandotheranimalsneedtobehighlyattunedtosocialsignalsfromotherssothatcanidentifyfriendstocooperatewithandenemiestoavoid.Tofindoutifthisextendstonon-livingbeings,LolehQuinnattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,andhercolleaguestestedwhetherratscandetectsocialsignalsformroboticrats.Theyhousedeightadultratswithtwotypesofroboticrat-onesocialandoneasocial一for5ourdays.Therobotsratswerequiteminimalist,resemblingachunkierversionofacomputermousewithwheels-tomovearoundandcolorfulmarkings.Duringtheexperiment,thesocialrobotratfollowedthelivingratsaround,playedwiththesametoys,andopenedcageddoorstolettrappedratsescape.Meanwhile,theasocialrobotsimplymovedforwardsandbackwardsandsidetosideNext,theresearcherstrappedtherobotsincagesandgavetheratstheopportunitytoreleasethembypressingalever.Across18trialseach,thelivingratswere52percentmorelikelyonaveragetosetthesocialrobotfreethantheasocialone.Thissuggeststhattheratsperceivedthesocialrobotasagenuinesocialbeing.Theymayhavebondedmorewiththesocialrobotbecauseitdisplayedbehaviourslikecommunalexploringandplaying.Thiscouldleadtotheratsbetterrememberinghavingfreeditearlier,andwantingtherobottoreturnthefavourwhentheygettrapped,saysQuinn.Thereadinessoftheratstobefriendthesocialrobotwassurprisinggivenitsminimaldesign.Therobotwasthesamesizeasaregularratbutresembledasimpleplasticboxonwheels.“We'dassumedwe'dhavetogiveitamovingheadandtail,facialfeatures,andputasceneonittomakeitsmelllikearealrat,butthatwasn’tnecessary,”saysJanetWilesattheUniversityofQueenslandinAustralia,whohelpedwiththeresearch.Thefindingshowshowsensitiveratsaretosocialcues,evenwhentheycomefrombasicrobots.Similarly,childrentendtotreatrobotsasiftheyarefellowbeings,evenwhentheydisplayonlysimplesocialsignals.“Wehumansseemtobefascinatedbyrobots,anditturnsoutotheranimalsaretoo,”saysWiles.21.Quinandhercolleaguesconductedatesttoseeifratscan________[A]pickupsocialsignalsfromnon-livingrats[B]distinguishafriendlyratfromahostileone[C]attainsociabletraitsthroughspecialtraining[D]sendoutwarningmessagestotheirfellow22.Whatdidthesocialrobotdoduringtheexperiment?[A]Itfollowedthesocialrobot.[B]Itplayedwithsometoys.[C]Itsetthetrappedratsfree.[D]Itmovedaroundalone.23.AccordingtoQuinn,theratsreleasedthesocialrobotbecausethey________[A]triedtopracticeameansofescape[B]expectedittodothesameinreturn[C]wantedtodisplaytheirintelligence[D]consideredthataninterestinggame24.JamesWilesnotesthatrats________[A]canrememberotherrat'sfacialfeatures[B]differentiatesmellsbetterthansizes[C]respondmoretocationsthantolooks[D]canbescaredbyaplasticboxonwheels25.Itcanbelearnedfromthetextthatrats________[A]appeartobeadaptabletonewsurroundings[B]aremoresociallyactivethanotheranimalsC]behavedifferentlyfromchildreninsocializing[D]aremoresensitivetosocialcuesthanexpected21.【答案】Apickupsocialsignalsfromnon-livingrats解析：本題目為細(xì)節(jié)題，考察具體細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Quinnandhercolleagues和atest定位到第一段第二句。Tofindoutifthisextendstonon-livingbeings,LolehQuinnattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,andhercolleaguestestedwhetherratscandetectsocialsignalsfromroboticrats.為了查明這是否延伸到了非生物，Quinn和她的同事測試了老鼠能否從機(jī)器老鼠身上探測到社會(huì)信號(hào)。正確答案A是原文的同義替換。選項(xiàng)B的distinguishafriendlyratfromahostileone區(qū)分友好的老鼠和敵對(duì)的老鼠，并未提及，是常識(shí)性干擾。選項(xiàng)C的attainsociabletraitsthroughspecialtraining通過特殊訓(xùn)練獲得社交品質(zhì)，原文并未提及，屬于無中生有。選項(xiàng)D的sendoutwarningmessagestotheirfellow向它們的同伴發(fā)出警告信息，原文并未提及，屬于無中生有。22.【答案】DItmovedaroundalone.解析：本題目為細(xì)節(jié)題，考察具體細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞theasocialrobot和experiment定位到第三段最后一句Meanwhile,theasocialrobotsimplymovedforwardsandbackwardsandsidetoside.同時(shí)，不具有社交能力的機(jī)器人只能進(jìn)行簡單的前后左右移動(dòng)。正確答案DItmovedaroundalone.是原文的同義替換。選項(xiàng)A的Itfollowedthesocialrobot.它跟隨具備社交能力的老鼠，與原文thesocialrobotratfollowedthelivingratsaround不符，原文說的是具備社交能力的老鼠跟隨真老鼠，屬于張冠李戴。選項(xiàng)B的Itplayedwithsometoys.它玩一些玩具，與原文不符，原文中說的是具備社交能力的老鼠玩同樣的玩具，屬于張冠李戴。選項(xiàng)C的Itsetthetrappedratsfree.它釋放了被困的老鼠也與原文內(nèi)容不符，原文說的同樣是具備社交能力的老鼠，而題干問的是不具備社交能力的老鼠在實(shí)驗(yàn)中做了什么，屬于張冠李戴。23.【答案】Bexpectedittodothesameinreturn解析：本題目為細(xì)節(jié)題，考察具體細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Quinn和theratsreleasedthesocialrobots往下定位到第四五段，第五段最后一句Thiscouldleadtotheratsbetterrememberinghavingfreeditearlier,andwantingtherobottoreturnthefavourwhentheygettrapped,saysQuinn.Quinn說：這可能會(huì)讓老鼠更好地記住早些時(shí)候已經(jīng)釋放了機(jī)器人，并希望機(jī)器人在它們被困住時(shí)能回報(bào)它們的恩惠。正確答案Bexpectedittodothesameinreturn是原文的同義替換。干擾項(xiàng)A的triedtopracticeameansofescape試圖嘗試一種逃跑的方法，原文并未提及，屬于無中生有。選項(xiàng)C的wantedtodisplaytheirintelligence想要展示它們的智慧，文中并未提到，屬于無中生有。選項(xiàng)D的consideredthataninterestinggame覺得是個(gè)有趣的游戲在原文當(dāng)中也沒有體現(xiàn)，屬于無中生有。24.【答案】Crespondmoretoactionsthantolooks解析：本題目為細(xì)節(jié)題，考察具體細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞JamesWiles定位到第六七段，尾段尾句Wehumansseemtobefascinatedbyrobots,anditturnsoutotheranimalsaretoo,saysWiles.Wiles說：“我們?nèi)祟愃坪鯇?duì)機(jī)器人很著迷，事實(shí)證明其他動(dòng)物也很著迷?！痹俳Y(jié)合尾段前面部分的闡述，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)正確答案Crespondmoretoactionsthantolooks對(duì)行動(dòng)的反應(yīng)多于對(duì)外表的反應(yīng)，是原文的類似表達(dá)。干擾項(xiàng)A的canrememberotherrat'sfacialfeatures能夠記住其他老鼠的面部特征，與原文內(nèi)容不符，原文第六段說的是假設(shè)賦予機(jī)器老鼠面部特征，那都不重要，屬于偷換概念。選項(xiàng)B的differentiatesmellsbetterthansizes與體型大小相比，能夠更好地區(qū)分氣味，原文中只提到賦予機(jī)器老鼠真老鼠的氣味，與原文不符，屬于偷換概念。選項(xiàng)D的canbescaredbyaplasticboxonwheels會(huì)被裝有輪子的塑料盒子嚇壞，文中機(jī)器老鼠只是裝有輪子的塑料盒子，還是屬于偷換概念。25.【答案】Daremoresensitivetosocialcuesthanexpected解析：本題目為推斷題，考察基于全文主旨進(jìn)行推斷。題干并沒有具體關(guān)鍵詞，因此需要通過選項(xiàng)回到文中逐一對(duì)應(yīng)。正確答案Daremoresensitivetosocialcuesthanexpected對(duì)社交線索比預(yù)期更敏感，與原文尾段首句Thefindingshowshowsensitiveratsaretosocialcues,evenwhentheycomefrombasicrobots.（這一發(fā)現(xiàn)顯示了老鼠對(duì)社交暗示的敏感程度，即使是來自基本機(jī)器老鼠的社交暗示）屬于類似表達(dá)。選項(xiàng)A的appeartobeadaptabletonewsurroundings似乎能適應(yīng)新環(huán)境，在文中并未提及，屬于無中生有。選項(xiàng)B的aremoresociallyactivethanotheranimals比其他動(dòng)物更活躍，文中只提到其他動(dòng)物也一樣會(huì)對(duì)機(jī)器人著迷，屬于偷換概念。干擾項(xiàng)C的behavedifferentlyfromchildreninsocializing在社交活動(dòng)中表現(xiàn)得與孩子不同，與原文內(nèi)容相反，原文內(nèi)容指的是孩子們傾向于把機(jī)器人當(dāng)作人來對(duì)待，即使他們只顯示簡單的社會(huì)信號(hào)。這一點(diǎn)與老鼠是一樣的，屬于正反混淆。

Text2ItistruethatCEOpayhasgoneup-toponesmaymake300timesthepayoftypicalworkersonaverage,andsincethemid-1970sCEOpayforlargepubliclytradedAmericancorporationshas,byvaryingestimates,goneupbyabout500%ThetypicalCEOofatopAmericancorporationnowmakesaboutS18.9millionayear.ThebestmodelforunderstandingthegrowthofCEOpayisthatoflimitedCEOtalentinaworldwherebusinessopportunitiesforthetopfirmsaregrowingrapidly.TheeffortsofAmerica'shighest-earning1%havebeenoneofthemoredynamicelementsoftheglobaleconomy.It'snotpopulartosay,butonereasontheirpayhasgoneupsomuchisthatCEOsreallyhaveuppedtheirgamerelativetomanyotherworkersintheU.S.economy.Today'sCEO,atleastformajorAmericanfirms,musthavemanymereskillsthansimplybeingableto“runthecompany"CEOsmusthaveagoodsenseoffinancialmarketsandmaybeevenhowthecompanyshouldtradeinthem.Theyalsoneedbetterpublicrelationsskillsthantheirpredecessors,asthecostsofevenaminorslipupcanbesignificant.Thenthere'sthefactthatlargeAmericancompaniesaremuchmoreglobalizedthaneverbefore,withsupplychainsspreadacrossalargernumberofcountries.Toleadinthatsystemrequiresknowledgethatisfarlymind-bogglingplus,virtuallyallmajorAmericancompaniesarebeyondthismajorCEOsstillhavetodoalltheday-to-dayworktheyhavealwaysdone.ThecommonideathathighCEOpayismainlyaboutrippingpeopleoffdoesn'texplainhistoryverywell.Bymostmeasures,corporategovernmancehasbecomealottighterandmorerigoroussincethe1970s.YetitisprincipallyduringthisperiodofstrongergovemnancethatCEOpayhasbeenhighandrising.Thatsuggestsitisinthebroadercorporateinteresttorecruittopcandidatesforincreasinglytoughjobs.”Furthermore,thehighestCEOsalariesarepaidtooutsidecandidates,nottothecozyinsiderpicks,anothersignthathighCEOpayisnotsomekindofdepredationattheexpenseoftherestofthecompany.AndthestockmarketreactspositivelywhencompaniestieCEOpayto,say,stockprices,asignthatthosepracticesbuildupcorporatevaluenotjustfortheCEO.26.WhichofthefollowinghascontributedtoCEOpayrise?[A]Thegrowthinthenumberofcorporations[B]Thegeneralpayrisewithabettereconomy[C]Increasedbusinessopportunitiesfortopfirms[D]Closecooperationamongleadingeconomies27.Comparedwiththeirpredecessors,today'sCEOsarerequiredto______[A]fosterastrongersenseofteamwork[B]financemoreresearchanddevelopment[C]establishclosertieswithtechcompanies[D]operatemoreglobalizedcompanies28.CEOpayhasbeenrisingsincethe1970sdespite______[A]continualinternalopposition[B]strictcorporategovernance[C]conservativebusinessstrategies[D]Repeatedgovernmentwarnings29.HighCEOpaycanbejustifiedbythefactthatithelps______[A]confirmthestatusofCEOs[B]motivateinsidecandidates[C]boosttheefficiencyofCEOs[D]increasecorporatevalue30.Themostsuitabletitleforthistextwouldbe______[A]CEOsAreNotOverpaid[B]CEOPay:PastandPresent[C]CEOs'challengesofToday[D]CEOTraits:NotEasytoDefine26.【答案】CIncreasedbusinessopportunitiesfortopfirms解析：本題目為細(xì)節(jié)題，考察具體細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞CEOpayrise及題干中對(duì)CEO薪酬增加原因的提問，定位到第二段首句ThebestmodelforunderstandingthegrowthofCEOpayisthatoflimitedCEOtalentinaworldwherebusinessopportunitiesforthetopfirmsaregrowingrapidly.了解CEO薪酬增長的最佳模式是，CEO人才在一個(gè)頂級(jí)公司的商業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)迅速增長的世界里是有限的。正確答案CIncreasedbusinessopportunitiesfortopfirms增加頂級(jí)公司商業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)的增加。干擾項(xiàng)A的Thegrowthinthenumberofcorporations公司數(shù)量的增長，文中并不是說公司數(shù)量而是商業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)，屬于偷換概念。選項(xiàng)B的Thegeneralpayrisewithabettereconomy好轉(zhuǎn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來的普遍加薪，文中并未提到bettereconomy，屬于無中生有。選項(xiàng)D的Closecooperationamongleadingeconomies主要經(jīng)濟(jì)體之間的密切合作，文中也并未提到經(jīng)濟(jì)體之間的何做，屬于無中生有。27.【答案】Doperatemoreglobalizedcompanies解析：本題目為細(xì)節(jié)題，考察具體細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞predecessors及today'sCEOs定位到第三段第二句Theyalsoneedbetterpublicrelationsskillsthantheirpredecessors,asthecostsofevenaminorslipupcanbesignificant.他們還需要比他們的前任更好的公關(guān)技巧，因?yàn)榧词故且粋€(gè)小失誤的成本也可能是巨大的。選項(xiàng)中并未提到，繼續(xù)往后看Thenthere'sthefactthatlargeAmericancompaniesaremuchmoreglobalizedthaneverbefore,withsupplychainsspreadacrossalargernumberofcountries.還有一個(gè)事實(shí)是，美國的大公司比以往任何時(shí)候都更加全球化，供應(yīng)鏈遍布更多的國家。正確答案Doperatemoreglobalizedcompanies經(jīng)營更全球化的公司是該句內(nèi)容的同義替換。干擾項(xiàng)A的fosterastrongersenseofteamwork培養(yǎng)更強(qiáng)的團(tuán)隊(duì)合作意識(shí)，文中提到意識(shí)，只有對(duì)金融市場有很好的了解，甚至公司應(yīng)該如何進(jìn)行交易的意識(shí)，屬于偷換概念。選項(xiàng)B的financemoreresearchanddevelopment資助更多的研發(fā)，定位段并沒有提到，屬于無中生有。選項(xiàng)D的establishclosertieswithtechcompanies與科技公司建立更緊密的聯(lián)系，定位段并未提到，屬于無中生有。28.【答案】Bstrictcorporategovernance解析：本題目為細(xì)節(jié)題，考察具體細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞the1970s定位到第四段第三句YetitisprincipallyduringthisperiodofstrongergovernancethatCEOpayhasbeenhighandrising.然而，首席執(zhí)行官的薪酬主要是在這一治理更加有力的時(shí)期一直居高不下。正確答案Bstrictcorporategovernance嚴(yán)格的公司管理，屬于原文內(nèi)容的替換表達(dá)。干擾項(xiàng)A的continualinternalopposition持續(xù)的內(nèi)部對(duì)立在文中并未提到，屬于無中生有。選項(xiàng)C的conservativebusinessstrategies保守的商業(yè)策略，定位段并沒有提到，屬于無中生有。選項(xiàng)D的repeatedgovernmentwarnings政府的再三警告定位段并未提到，屬于無中生有。29.【答案】Dincreasecorporatevalue解析：本題目為細(xì)節(jié)題，考察具體細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞HighCEOpay及順序出題規(guī)則，繼續(xù)看尾段，定位句是AndthestockmarketreactspositivelywhencompaniestieCEOpayto,say,stockprices,asignthatthosepracticesbuildupcorporatevaluenotjustfortheCEO.當(dāng)公司把首席執(zhí)行官的薪酬與股票價(jià)格掛鉤時(shí)，股票市場的反應(yīng)是積極的，這表明這些做法不僅為首席執(zhí)行官帶來機(jī)制，而且創(chuàng)造了公司價(jià)值。正確答案Dincreasecorporatevalue增加公司價(jià)值，是原文內(nèi)容的替換表達(dá)。干擾項(xiàng)A的confirmthestatusofCEOs證實(shí)CEO的地位，定位段并未提到，屬于無中生有。選項(xiàng)B的motivateinsidecandidates激發(fā)內(nèi)部候選人的積極性，文中尾段首句首席執(zhí)行官的最高薪水是付給外部候選人的，而不是付給那些舒適的內(nèi)部人選，屬于偷換概念。選項(xiàng)C的boosttheefficiencyofCEOs提高CEO的效率，定位段未提到，屬于無中生有。30.【答案】ACEOsAreNotOverpaid解析：本題目為主旨題，考察文章主旨。根據(jù)題干分析文章主題詞為CEO的薪酬，所以排除C項(xiàng)、D項(xiàng)選項(xiàng)A的CEOsAreNotOverpaid首席執(zhí)行官的薪水并不高。選項(xiàng)B的CEOPay:PastandPresentCEO的薪酬：過去和現(xiàn)在，而CEO過去的薪酬并不是原文中心，屬于偏離主題，因此正確選項(xiàng)為A。Text3MadridwashailedasapublichealthbeaconlastNovemberwhenitrolledoutambitiousrestrictionsonthemostpollutingcars.Sevenmonthsandoneelectiondaylater,anewconservativecitycouncilsuspendedenforcementofthecleanairzone,afirststeptowarditspossibledemise.MayorJoseLuisMartinez-Almeidamadeoppositiontothezoneacentrepieceofhiselectioncampaign,despiteitssuccessinimprovingairquality.Ajudgehasnowoverruledthecity'sdecisiontostoplevyingfines,orderingthemreinstated.Butwithlegalbattlesahead,thezone'sfuturelooksuncertainatbest.Amongotherweaknesses,themeasurescitiesmustemploywhenlefttotackledirtyairontheirownarepoliticallycontentious,andthereforevulnerable.Thatsbecausetheyinevitablyputthecostsofcleaningtheairontoindividualdrivers一whomustpayfeesorbuybettervehicles一ratherthanontothecarmanufacturerswhosecheatingistherealcauseofourtoxicpollution.It'snothardtoimagineasimilarreversalhappeninginLondon.Thenewultra-lowemissionzone(Ulez)islikelytobeabigissueinnextyear'smayoralelection.AndifSadiqKhanwinsandextendsittotheNorthandSouthCircularroadsin2021asheintends,itissuretosparkintenseoppositionfromthefarlargernumberofmotoristswhowillthenbeaffected.It'snotthatmeasuressuchasLondon'sUlezareuseless.Farfromit.Localofficialsareusingtheleversthatareavailabletothemtosafeguardresidents'healthinthefaceofaseriousthreat.Thezonesdodeliversomeimprovementstoairquality,andthesciencetellsusthatmeansrealhealthbenefits-fewerheartattacks,strokesandprematurebirths,lesscancer,dementiaandasthma.Feweruntimelydeaths.Butmayorsandcouncillorscanonlydosomuchaboutaproblemthatisfarbiggerthananyonecityortown.Theyareactingbecausenationalgovernments一BritainsandothersacrossEurope-havefailedtodoso.Restrictionsthatkeephighlypollutingcarsoutofcertainareas-citycentres,。schoolstreets",evenindividualroads-arearesponsetotheabsenceofalargerefforttoproperlyenforceexistingregulationsandrequireautocompaniestobringtheirvehiclesintocompliance.Waleshasintroducedspeciallowspeedlimitstominimisepollution.Weredoingeverythingbutinsistthatmanufacturerscleanuptheircars.31.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutMadrid'scleanairzone?[A]Itseffectsarequestionable[B]Ithasbeenopposedbyajudge[C]Itneedstougherenforcement[D]Itsfateisyettobedecided32.Whichisconsideredaweaknessofthecity-levelmeasurestotackledirtyair?[A]Theyarebiasedagainstcarmanufacturers.[B]Theyproveimpracticalforcitycouncils.[C]Theyaredeemedtoomildforpoliticians.D]Theyputtoomuchburdenonindividualmotorists.33.TheauthorbelievesthattheextensionofLondon'sUlezwill.[A]arousestrongresistance.[B]ensureKhan'selectoralsuccess.[C]improvethecitystraffic.[D]discouragecarmanufacturing.34.Whodoestheauthorthinkshouldhaveaddressedtheproblem?[A]Localresidents[B]Mayors.[C]Councilors.[D]Nationalgovernments.35.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatautocompanies.[A]willraiselow-emissioncarproduction[B]shouldbeforcedtofollowregulations[C]willupgradethedesignoftheirvehicles[D]shouldbeputunderpublicsupervision31.【答案】DItsfateisyettobedecided解析：本題目為細(xì)節(jié)題，考察具體細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Madrid'scleanairzone定位到前兩段，首段說明背景Madrid'scleanairzone的執(zhí)行暫停。繼續(xù)找第二段，盡管能夠提高空氣質(zhì)量，但是市長表示反對(duì)。一位法官現(xiàn)在否決了該市停止征收罰款的決定，下令恢復(fù)原狀。但隨著法律斗爭的進(jìn)行，Madrid'scleanairzone的未來看起來也不確定。正確答案DItsfateisyettobedecided它的命運(yùn)尚未決定，是原文內(nèi)容的替換表達(dá)。選項(xiàng)A的Itseffectsarequestionable.其效果值得懷疑。與原文內(nèi)容相反，屬于正反混淆。選項(xiàng)B的Ithasbeenopposedbyajudge.它遭到法官的反對(duì)。文中法官反對(duì)的并不是Madrid'scleanairzone，而是停止征收罰款的決定。選項(xiàng)C的Itneedstougherenforcement.它需要更嚴(yán)格的執(zhí)行。文中是執(zhí)行已經(jīng)停止，與原文內(nèi)容不符，屬于偷換概念。32.【答案】DTheyputtoomuchburdenonindividualmotorists.解析：本題目為細(xì)節(jié)題，考察具體細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞aweaknessofthecity-levelmeasures及tackledirtyair定位到第三段第二句：That’sbecausetheyinevitablyputthecostsofcleaningtheairontoindividualdrivers—whomustpayfeesorbuybettervehicles—ratherthanontothecarmanufacturerswhoseheatingistherealcauseofourtoxicpollution.這是因?yàn)樗麄儾豢杀苊獾匕亚鍧嵖諝獾馁M(fèi)用轉(zhuǎn)嫁給那些必須支付費(fèi)用或購買更好車輛的司機(jī)，而不是汽車制造商，因?yàn)樗麄兊墓┡窃斐晌覀冇卸疚廴镜恼嬲?。正確答案DTheyputtoomuchburdenonindividualmotorists.他們給個(gè)人駕車者增加了太多負(fù)擔(dān)與原文內(nèi)容一致。選項(xiàng)A的Theyarebiasedagaincarmanufactures.他們對(duì)汽車制造商有偏見，文中提到汽車制造商，卻并未提到對(duì)其有無偏見，屬于偷換概念。選項(xiàng)B的Theyproveimpracticalforcitycouncils.這些措施對(duì)市議會(huì)來說是不切實(shí)際的。選項(xiàng)C的Theyaredeemedtoomildforpoliticians.他們被認(rèn)為對(duì)政治家來說太溫和了。定位段并未提到，屬于無中生有。33.【答案】Aarousestrongresistance解析：本題目為細(xì)節(jié)題，考察具體細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞extension和London’sUlez定位到第四段：AndifSadiqKhanwinsandextendsittotheNorthandSouthCircularroadsin2021asheintends,itissuretosparkintenseoppositionfromthefarlargernumberofmotoristswhowillthenbeaffected.如果SadiqKhan在2021年勝出，并按照他的意愿將其延伸至南北環(huán)路，肯定會(huì)引發(fā)更多駕車者的強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)，屆時(shí)他們將受到影響。正確答案Aarousestrongresistance引起強(qiáng)烈抵抗與原文內(nèi)容一致。選項(xiàng)B的ensureKhanselectoralsuccess確保Khans選舉成功，文中提到的是如果這個(gè)人贏了，屬于偷換概念。選項(xiàng)C的improvethecity'straffic改善城市交通，定位段并未提到，屬于無中生有。選項(xiàng)D的discouragecarmanufacturing抑制汽車制造業(yè)也并未在定位段提到，屬于無中生有。34.【答案】DNationalgovernments解析：本題目為細(xì)節(jié)題，考察具體細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)題干信息，問的是作者的具體觀點(diǎn)。定位到第六段：Butmayorsandcouncillorscanonlydosomuchaboutaproblemthatisfarbiggerthananyonecityortown.Theyareactingbecausenationalgovernments-Britain'sandothersacrossEurope-havefailedtodoso.但是市長和議員們只能對(duì)一個(gè)比任何一個(gè)城市或城鎮(zhèn)都大得多的問題做這么多的工作。他們之所以采取行動(dòng)，是因?yàn)橛蜌W洲其他國家的政府未能做到這一點(diǎn)。正確答案DNationalgovernments作者認(rèn)為國家政府應(yīng)該解決這個(gè)問題，與原文內(nèi)容一致。選項(xiàng)A的Localresidents當(dāng)?shù)鼐用?，定位段并未提到，屬于無中生有。選項(xiàng)B和C的mayorsandcouncillors出現(xiàn)在定位句，但是與原文內(nèi)容相反，屬于正反混淆。35.【答案】Bshouldbeforcedtofollowregulations解析：本題目為推斷題，考察具體細(xì)節(jié)的推斷。根據(jù)題干信息autocompanies，定位到尾段首句：requireautocompaniestobringtheirvehiclesintocompliance要求汽車公司使其車輛符合要求。正確答案Bshouldbeforcedtofollowregulations應(yīng)該被迫遵守規(guī)定，與原文信息一致。選項(xiàng)A的willraiselow-emissioncarproduction將提高低排放汽車產(chǎn)量，定位段并未提到，屬于無中生有。選項(xiàng)C和D的willupgradethedesignoftheirvehicles和shouldbeputunderpublicsupervision將升級(jí)他們的車輛設(shè)計(jì)、應(yīng)該接受公眾監(jiān)督在原文中沒有相關(guān)信息。Text4NowthatmembersofGenerationZaregraduatingcollegethisspringthemostcommonly-accepteddefinitionsaysthisgenerationwasbomafter1995,giveortakeayear-theattentionhasbeenrisingsteadilyinrecentweeks.GenZsareabouttohitthestreetslookingforworkinalabormarketthat'stighterthanit'sbeenindecades.Andemployersareplanningonhiringabout17percentmorenewgraduatesforjobsintheU.S.thisyearthanlast,accordingtoasurveyconductedbytheNationalAssociationofCollegesandEmployers.Everybodywantstoknowhowthepeoplewhowillsooninhabitthoseemptyofficecubicleswilldifferfromthosewhocamebeforethem.If"entitled"isthemostcommonadjective,fairlyornot,appliedtomillennials(thosebombetween1981and1995),thecatchwordsforGenerationZarepracticalandcautious.Accordingtothecareercounselorsandexpertwhostudythem,GenerationZsareclear-eyed,economicpragmatists.Despitegraduatingintothebesteconomyinthepast50years,GenZsknowwhataneconomictrainwrecklookslike.Theywereimpressionablekidsduringthecrashof2008,whenmanyoftheirparentslosttheirjobsortheirlifesavingsorboth.Theyaren,'tinterestedintakinganychances.Theboomingeconomyseemstohavedonelittletoassuagethisunderlyinggenerationalsenseofanxiousurgency,especiallyforthosewhohavecollegedebt.CollegeloanbalancesintheU.S.nowstandatarecord$1.5trillion,accordingtotheFederalReserve.OnesurveyfromAccenturefoundthat88percentofgraduatingseniorsthisyearchosetheirmajorwithajobinmind.Ina2019surveyofUniversityofGeorgiastudents,meanwhile,thecareerofficefoundthemostdesirabletraitinafutureemployerwastheabilitytooffersecureemployment(followedbyprofessionaldevelopmentandtraining,andtheninspiringpurpose).Jobsecurityorstabilitywasthesecondmostimportantcareergoal(work-lifebalancewasnumberone),followedbyasenseofbeingdedicatedtoacauseortofeelgoodaboutservingthegreatgood.36.GenerationZsgraduatingcollegethisspring_____.[A]arerecognizedfortheirabilities[B]areinfavorofjoboffers[C]areoptimisticaboutthelabormarket[D]aredrawinggrowingpublicattention37.GenerationZsarekeenlyaware_____.[A]whatatougheconomicsituationislike[B]whattheirparentsexpectofthem[C]howtheydifferfrompastgenerations[D]Ihowvaluableacounselorsadviceis38.Theword"