2023年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)教案閱讀理解01主旨要義

【高頻考點(diǎn)解密】2023年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)講義

閱讀理解

解密01主旨要義的復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)

【構(gòu)建知識體系】

考點(diǎn)1精確歸納標(biāo)題

主旨大意題考點(diǎn)2概括文章大意

考點(diǎn)3總結(jié)段落大意

【英語學(xué)科素養(yǎng)解讀】

命題素養(yǎng)解讀

題型解讀

要求

要求考生閱讀4篇短主旨大意題包括精確歸納標(biāo)題、概括文章大意

文，從每題所給的4個選和總結(jié)段落大意，主要考查考生能否分辨主題和細(xì)

考查

項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。題材節(jié)，是否具備提綱挈領(lǐng)的能力，也就是能否在理解

主旨大意、

廣泛，包括科普、社會、全文的基礎(chǔ)上運(yùn)用概括、判斷、歸納、推理等邏輯

細(xì)節(jié)理解、

文化、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)等多方方法對文章進(jìn)行高度概括和總結(jié)，做這類題目時要

推理判斷、

面內(nèi)容。體裁多樣，以記高瞻遠(yuǎn)矚，不可以以偏概全。

詞義猜測、

敘文、議論文、說明文為

篇章結(jié)構(gòu)

主。

等。

【解密新高考真題】——預(yù)測高考命題方向

閱讀理解之主旨要義高考解密

2023年命題解讀和近年考點(diǎn)再現(xiàn)

考點(diǎn)1精確歸納標(biāo)題

1.【2022年新高考全國H卷】C

Overthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,andpublicservice

campaignshavetriedawiderangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheirphoneswhen

theyarebehindthewheel.

Yettheproblem,byjustaboutanymeasure,appearstobegettingworse.Americansarestill

textingwhiledriving,aswellasusingsocialnetworksandtakingphotos.Roadaccidents,which

hadfallenforyears,arenowrisingsharply.

Thatispartlybecausepeoplearedrivingmore,butMarkRosekind,thechiefoftheNational

HighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration,saiddistracted（分心）drivingwas"onlyincreasing,

unfortunately.M

"Bigchangerequiresbigideas.'*hesaidinaspeechlastmonth,referringbroadlytotheneed

toimproveroadsafety.Sototrytochangeadistinctlymodembehavior,lawmakersandpublic

healthexpertsarereachingbacktoanoldapproach:Theywanttotreatdistracteddrivinglike

drunkdriving.

AnideafromlawmakersinNewYorkistogivepoliceofficersanewdevicecalledthe

Textalyzer.Itwouldworklikethis:Anofficerarrivingatthesceneofacrashcouldaskforthe

phonesofthedriversandusetheTextalyzertocheckintheoperatingsystemfbrrecentactivity.

Thetechnologycoulddeterminewhetheradriverhadjusttexted,emailedordoneanythingelse

thatisnotallowedunderNewYork'shands-freedrivinglaws.

nWeneedsomethingonthebooksthatcanchangepeople'sbehavior/5saidFelixW.Ortiz,

whopushedfbrthestate's2001banonhand-helddevicesbydrivers.IftheTextalyzerbill

becomeslaw,hesaid,"peoplearegoingtobemoreafraidtoputtheirhandsonthecellphone.n

11.Whatisasuitabletitlefbrthetext?

A.ToDriveorNottoDrive?ThinkBeforeYouStart

B.TextingandDriving?WatchOutfortheTextalyzer

C.NewYorkBanningHand-HeldDevicesbyDrivers.

D.TheNextGenerationCellPhone:TheTextalyzer-

2.B[2022?全國甲卷】

Goffin'scockatoos,akindofsmallparrotnativetoAustralasia,havebeenshowntohave

similarshape-recognitionabilitiestoahumantwo-year-old.Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthe

wild,thebirdshaveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.Inarecentexperiment,

cockatooswerepresentedwithaboxwithanutinsideit.Theclearfrontoftheboxhada

“keyhole“inageometricshape,andthebirdsweregivenfivedifferentlyshaped"keys"tochoose

from.Insertingthecorrect"key”wouldletoutthenut.

Inhumans,babiescanputaroundshapeinaroundholefromaroundoneyearofage,butit

willbeanotheryearbeforetheyareabletodothesamewithlesssymmetrical（對稱的）shapes.

Thisabilitytorecognizethatashapewillneedtobeturnedinaspecificdirectionbeforeitwillfit

iscalledan"allocentricframeofreference,\Intheexperiment,Goffin'scockatooswereableto

selecttherighttoolforthejob,inmostcases,byvisualrecognitionalone.Wheretrial-and-error

wasused,thecockatoosdidbetterthanmonkeysinsimilartests.ThisindicatesthatGoffin's

cockatoosdoindeedpossessanallocentricframeofreferencewhenmovingobjectsinspace,

similartotwo-year-oldbabies.

Thenextstep,accordingtotheresearchers,istotryandworkoutwhetherthecockatoosrely

entirelyonvisualclues（線索）,oralsouseasenseoftouchinmakingtheirshapeselections.

27.Whichcanbeasuitabletitlefbrthetext?

A.Cockatoos:QuickErrorCheckersB.Cockatoos:IndependentLearners

C.Cockatoos:CleverSignal-ReadersD.Cockatoos:SkilfulShape-Sorters

3.C[2022?全國高考乙卷】

Canasmallgroupofdrones（無人機(jī)）guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,at

thesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikely

futureofapplyingtoday's"eyesinthesky“technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsof

kilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure（基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施）worldwidearesafefbrtrainsona24/7basis.

Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddo

preciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuch

asthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbe

inspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbeimproved.Costs

wouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient（高效）acrosstheboard.

Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnel

safety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayear

onmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherail

infrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews'

efforts.

performthesetasks,dronesfbrraildon'tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenow

workingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadof

thetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAI

andtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,they

couldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.

11.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?

A.WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwithDrones

B.HowProductionofDronesCanBeExpanded

C.WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFace

D.HowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailways

4.C【2021?全國新高考n卷】

ABritishwomanwhowonaSImillionprizeaftershewasnamedtheWorld'sBestTeacher

willusethecashtobringinspirationalfiguresintoUKschools.

AndriaZafirakou,anorthLondonsecondaryschoolteacher,saidshewantedtobringabouta

classroomrevolution（變革）.“Wearegoingtomakeachange,“shesaid/Tvestartedaprojectto

promotetheteachingoftheartsinourschools.^^

Theprojectresultsfromthedifficultiesmanyschoolshaveingettingartistsofanysort-

whetheranup-and-cominglocalmusicianoramajormoviestar-intoschoolstoworkwithand

inspirechildren.

ZafirakoubegantheprojectatAlpertonCommunitySchool,herplaceofworkforthepast

twelveyears.'Tveseenthosemagicmomentswhenchildrenaretalkingtosomeonetheyare

inspiredby-theireyesareshiningandtheirfaceslightup,“shesaid."Weneedartists.morethan

everinourschools."

ArtistMichaelCraig-Martinsaid:"Andria'sbrilliantprojecttobringartistsfromallfields

intodirectcontactwithchildrenisparticularlywelcomeatatimewhentheartsarebeing

downgradedinschools.0Itwasamistaketoseetheartsasunnecessary,headded.

HistorianSirSimonSchamaisalsoasupporteroftheproject.Hesaidthatartseducationin

schoolswasnotjustanadd-on.”Itisabsolutelynecessary.Thefuturedependsoncreativityand

creativitydependsontheyoung.Whatwillremainofuswhenartificialintelligencetakesover

willbeourcreativity,anditisourcreativespirit,ourvisionarysenseoffreshness,thathasbeen

ourstrengthforcenturies.'*

11.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.BringArtiststoSchoolsB.WhenHistoriansMeetArtists

C.ArtsEducationinBritainD.TheWorld'sBestArtsTeacher

5.D12021?英語全國甲卷】

Whoisagenius?Thisquestionhasgreatlyinterestedhumankindforcenturies.

Let*sstateclearly:Einsteinwasagenius.Hisfaceisalmosttheinternationalsymbolfor

genius.Butwewanttogobeyondonemanandexplorethenatureofgeniusitself.Whyisitthat

somepeoplearesomuchmoreintelligentorcreativethantherestofus?Andwhoarethey?

Inthesciencesandarts,thosepraisedasgeniusesweremostoftenwhitemen,ofEuropean

origin.Perhapsthisisnotasurprise.Ifssaidthathistoryiswrittenbythevictors,andthose

victorssetthestandardsfbradmissiontothegeniusclub.Whencontributionsweremadeby

geniusesoutsidetheclub-women,orpeopleofadifferentcolororbelief-theywere

unacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.

AstudyrecentlypublishedbySciencefoundthatasyoungasagesix,girlsarelesslikelythan

boystosaythatmembersoftheirgender（性另ij）are"really,reallysmart.^^Evenworse,thestudy

foundthatgirlsactonthatbelief:Aroundagesixtheystarttoavoidactivitiessaidtobefor

childrenwhoare“really,reallysmart."Canourplanetaffordtohaveanygreatthinkersbecome

discouragedandgiveup?Itdoesn*ttakeageniustoknowtheanswer:absolutelynot.

Here*sthegoodnews.Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication,we'reall

positionedtoseeflashesofgeniuswherevertheyappear.Andthemorewelook,themorewewill

seethatsocialfactors（因素）likegender,race,andclassdonotdeterminetheappearanceofgenius.

Asawritersays,futuregeniusescomefromthosewith"intelligence,creativity,perseverance（毅

力）,andsimplegoodfortune,whoareabletochangetheworld.”

15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.GeniusesThinkAlikeB.GeniusTakesManyForms

C.GeniusandIntelligenceD.GeniusandLuck

6.C【2021?全國新高考I卷】

WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlands

werealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthese

preciousnaturalresourceswisely.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswho

followedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl

（水禽）werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsmen.

Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations,greatly

reducingwaterfowlhabitat.

In1934,withthepassageoftheMigratoryBirdHuntingStampAct（Act）,anincreasingly

concernednationtookfirmactiontostopthedestructionofmigratory（遷徙的）waterfowland

thewetlandssovitaltotheirsurvival.UnderthisAct,allwaterfowlhunters16yearsofageand

overmustannuallypurchaseandcarryaFederalDuckStamp.TheveryfirstFederalDuckStamp

wasdesignedbyJ.N."Ding”Darling,apoliticalcartoonistfromDesMoines,Iowa,whoatthat

timewasappointedbyPresidentFranklinRooseveltasDirectoroftheBureauofBiological

Survey.Hunterswillinglypaythestamppricetoensurethesurvivalofournaturalresources.

About98centsofeveryduckstampdollargoesdirectlyintotheMigratoryBird

ConservationFundtopurchasewetlandsandwildlifehabitatforinclusionintotheNational

WildlifeRefugeSystem-afactthatensuresthislandwillbeprotectedandavailableforall

generationstocome.Since1934,betterthanhalfabilliondollarshasgoneintothatFundto

purchasemorethan5millionacresofhabitat.LittlewondertheFederalDuckStampProgramhas

beencalledoneofthemostsuccessfulconservationprogramseverinitiated.

31.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.TheFederalDuckStampStoryB.TheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystem

C.TheBenefitsofSavingWaterfowlD.TheHistoryofMigratoryBirdHunting

7.C【2021?全國高考乙卷】

You'veheardthatplasticispollutingtheoceans—between4.8and12.7milliontonnesenter

oceanecosystemseveryyear.Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?Artist

BenjaminVonWongwantsyoutoknowthatitdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplastic

garbage,forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.

Atthebeginningoftheyear,theartistbuiltapiececalled“Strawpocalypse,“apairof

1O-foot-tallplasticwaves,frozenmid-crash.Madeof168,000plasticstrawscollectedfrom

severalvolunteerbeachcleanups,thesculpturemadeitsfirstappearanceattheEstellaPlace

shoppingcenterinHoChiMinhCity,Vietnam.

Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsource

（來源）ofplasticpollution,butthey'verecentlycomeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon'tneed

themtodrinkwithand,becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight,theycannotberecycled.Every

strawthat'spartofVonWong'sartworklikelycamefromadrinkthatsomeoneusedfbronlya

fewminutes.Oncethedrinkisgone,thestrawwilltakecenturiestodisappear.

Inapiecefrom2018,VonWongwantedtoillustrate（說明）aspecificstatistic:Every60

seconds,atruckload'sworthofplasticenterstheocean.Forthiswork,titled“Truckloadof

Plastic,VonWongandagroupofvolunteerscollectedmorethan10,000piecesofplastic,which

werethentiedtogethertolooklikethey'dbeendumped（傾倒）fromatruckallatonce.

VbnWonghopesthathisworkwillalsohelppressurebigcompaniestoreducetheirplastic

footprint.

31.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitlefbrthetext?

A.Artists*OpinionsonPlasticSafety

B.MediaInterestinContemporaryArt

C.ResponsibilityDemandedofBigCompanies

D.OceanPlasticsTransformedintoSculptures

8.B【2021?浙江卷】

Weliveinatownwiththreebeaches.Therearetwoparkslessthan10minutes'walkfrom

homewhereneighbourhoodchildrengathertoplay.However,whatmychildrenwanttodoafter

schoolispickupascreen-anyscreen-andstareatitfbrhours.Theyarenotalone.Toda/s

childrenspendanaverageoffourandahalfhoursadaylookingatscreens,splitbetween

watchingtelevisionandusingtheInternet.

Inthepastfewyears,anincreasingnumberofpeopleandorganisationshavebeguncoming

upwithplanstocounterthistrend.Acoupleofyearsago,film-makerDavidBondrealisedthathis

children,thenagedfiveandthree,wereattachedtoscreenstothepointwherehewasabletosay

nchocolatenintohisthree-year-oldson*searwithoutgettingaresponse.Herealisedthatsomething

neededtochange,and,beingaLondonmediatype,appointedhimself''marketingdirectorfor

Nature".Hedocumentedhisjourneyashesetabouttreatingnatureasabrandtobemarketedto

youngpeople.TheresultwasProjectWildThing,afilmwhichchartsthebirthoftheWild

Networkagroupoforganisationswiththecommongoalofgettingchildrenoutintonature.

"Justfivemoreminutesoutdoorscanmakeadifference,"DavidBondsays."Thereisalotof

reallyinterestingevidencewhichseemstobesuggestingthatifchildrenareinspireduptotheage

ofseven,thenbeingoutdoorswillbeahabitforlife.**Hisownchildrenhavegotintothehabitof

playingoutsidenow:nWejustsendthemoutintothegardenandtellthemnottocomebackinfor

awhile.'1

Summerisuponus.Thereisanamazingworldoutthere,anditneedsourchildrenasmuch

astheyneedit.Letusgetthemoutandletthemplay.

24.Whatistheproblemwiththeauthor'schildren?

A.Theyoftenannoytheneighbours.B.Theyaretiredofdoingtheirhomework.

C.TheyhavenofriendstoplaywithD.Theystayinfrontofscreensfortoolong.

25.HowdidDavidBondadvocatehisidea?

A.Bymakingadocumentaryfilm.B.Byorganizingoutdooractivities.

C.ByadvertisinginLondonmedia.D.Bycreatinganetworkoffriends.

26.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword"charts"inparagraph2

A.recordsB.predictsC.delaysD.confirms

27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.LetChildrenHaveFunB.YoungChildrenNeedMoreFreeTire

C.MarketNaturetoChildrenD.DavidBond:ARoleModelforChildren

9.D【2020?全國I]

Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.

Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,

discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswere

showntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.

TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havetakenitastepfurther

changingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse,evenunusual

functions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey're

shortofwaterandaplantthatcandetecthannfulchemicalsingroundwater."We'rethinking

abouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday,u

explainedMichaelStrano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.

Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsgrow(發(fā)光)inexperimentsusingsome

commonvegetables.Strano'steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightforthree-and-a-half

hours.Thelight,aboutone-thousandthoftheamountneededtoreadby,isjustastart.The

technology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventotumtreeinto

self-poweredstreetlamps.

inthefuture,theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedonto

plantleavesinaone-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant'slifetime.Theengineersarealso

tryingtodevelopanonandoff'*switch”wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.

Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingis

oftenfarremovedfromthepowersource（電源）?suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreet

lampsonaremotehighway-alotofenergyislostduringtransmission（傳輸）.

Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.316

35.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Canwegrowmoreglowingplants?

B.Howdowelivewithglowingplants?

C.Couldglowingplantsreplacelamps?

D.Howareglowingplantsmadepollution-free?

10.D【2020?全國新課標(biāo)II]

Ihaveaspecialplaceinmyheartforlibraries.IhaveforaslongasIcanremember.Iwas

alwaysanenthusiasticreader,sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.Storieswere

likeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttoparties,Ilivedoutadventuresthrough

thebooksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary.

MyfirstjobwasworkingattheUkiahLibrarywhenIwas16yearsold.Itwasadreamjob

andIdideverythingfromshelvingbookstoreadingtothechildrenforstorytime.

AsIgrewolderandbecameamother,thelibrarytookonanewplaceandanaddedmeaning

inmylife.Ihadseveralchildrenandbookswereourmainsource（來源）ofentertainment.Itwasa

bigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoread

orbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem.

Ialwaysread,usingdifferentvoices,asthoughIwereactingoutthestorieswithmyvoice

andtheylovedit!Itwasaspecialtimetobondwithmychildrenanditfilledthemwiththe

wondermentofbooks.

Now,IseemychildrentakingtheirchildrentothelibraryandIlovethattheexcitementof

goingtothelibrarylivesonformgenerationtogeneration.

Asanovelist,Fvefoundanewrelationshipwithlibraries.Iencouragereaderstogototheir

locallibrarywhentheycan'taffordtopurchaseabook.Iseelibrariesasasafehaven（避風(fēng)港）fbr

readersandwriters,abridgethathelpsputtogetherareaderwithabook.Libraries,intheirown

way,helpfightbookpiracy（盜版行為）and1thinkallwritersshouldsupportlibrariesina

significantwaywhentheycan.Encouragereaderstousethelibrary.Sharelibraryannouncements

onyoursocialmedia.Frequentthemandtalkaboutthemwhenyoucan.335

35.Whichcanbeasuitabletitlefbrthetext?

A.Reading:ASourceofKnowledge

B.MyIdeaaboutwriting

C.Library:AHavenfbrtheYoung

D.MyLoveoftheLibrary

11.D【2020?全國新課標(biāo)III】

Wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurredbillionsofyearsago.

Asscientistslookdeeperintoourgenes（基因），theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutionin

justthepastfewthousandyears.PeopleinEthiopianhighlandshaveadaptedtolivingathigh

altitudes.Cattle-raisingpeopleinEastAfricaandnorthernEuropehavegainedamutation（突變）

thathelpsthemdigestmilkasadults.

OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindof

adaptation-nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.Agroupofsea-dwellingpeopleinSoutheast

Asiahaveevolvedintobetterdivers.TheBajau,asthesepeopleareknown,numberinthe

hundredsofthousandsinIndonesia,MalaysiaandthePhilippines.Theyhavetraditionallylived

onhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they*vealsobuilthousesonstilts（支柱）incoastalwaters."They

aresimplyastrangertotheland,"saidRedneyC.Jubilado,aUniversityofHawaiiresearcherwho

studiestheBajau.

Dr.JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowinguponSamalIslandinthePhilippines.They

madealivingasdivers,spearfishingorharvestingshellfish.nWeweresoamazedthattheycould

stayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders,'*Dr.Jubiladosaid.4tIcouldseethemactually

walkingunderthesea.”

In201,MelissaIlardo,thenagraduatestudentingeneticsattheUniversityofCopenhagen,

heardabouttheBajau.Shewonderedifcenturiesofdivingcouldhaveledtotheevolutionof

physicalcharacteristicsthatmadethetaskeasierfbrthem,“itseemedliketheperfectchancefor

naturalselectiontoactonapopulation,"saidDr.Ilardo.Shealsosaidtherewerelikelyanumber

ofothergenesthathelptheBajaudive.299

35.Whatcanbeasuitabletitlefbrthetext?

A.BodiesRemodeledforaLifeatSeaB.Highlanders'SurvivalSkills

C.BasicMethodsofGeneticResearchD.TheWorld*sBestDivers

考點(diǎn)2概括文章大意

l.C[2022?全國甲卷】

AsGinniBazlintonreachedAntarctica,shefoundherselfgreetedbyagroupoflittleGentoo

penguins（企鵝）longingtosayhello.Thesegentle,lovelygatekeeperswelcomedherand

kick-startedwhatwastobeatripGinniwouldneverforget.

Eversinceherchildhood,Ginni,now71,hashadadeeplovefbrtravel.Throughouther

career（職業(yè)）asaprofessionaldancer,shetouredintheUK,butalwayslongedtoexplorefurther.

Whensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest,shedecideditwastimeto

taketheplunge.

AftertakingadegreeatChichesterUniversityinRelatedArts,Ginnibegantotravelthe

world,eventuallygettingworkteachingEnglishinJapanandChile.AnditwasinChileshe

discoveredshecouldgetlast-minutecheapdealsonshipsgoingtoAntarcticafromtheislandsoff

TierradelFuego,thesouthernmosttipoftheSouthAmericanmainland.justdecidedwantedto

go,“shesays."IhadnoideaaboutwhatTdfindthereandIwasn'tnervous,Ijustwantedtodoit.

AndIwantedtodoitaloneasIalwayspreferitthatway.”

InMarch2008,Ginniboardedashipwith48passengersshe'dnevermetbefore,tobeginthe

journeytowardsAntarctica.tcFromseeingthewildlifetowitnessingsunrises,thewhole

experiencewasamazing.Antarcticaleftanimpressiononmethatnootherplacehas,“Ginnisays.

“IrememberthefirsttimeIsawahumpbackwhale;itjustroseoutofthewaterlikesome

prehistoriccreatureandIthoughtitwassmilingatus.Youcouldstillheartheoperaticsoundsit

wasmakingunderwater.”

Therealizationthatthisisapreciousland,toberespectedbyhumans,wasoneofthebiggest

thingsthathithometoGinni.

31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Achildhooddream.B.Anunforgettableexperience.

C.Sailingaroundtheworld.D.MeetinganimalsinAntarctica.

2.B12020?全國新課標(biāo)II]

Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearchers

saidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.

PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrenthe

UniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelop

betterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition（認(rèn)知）after

controllingfbrdifferencesinparents9income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levine

said.

Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivities

athomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetter

spatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.

“Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,ontasksthat

assessedtheirabilitytorotate（旋轉(zhuǎn)）andtranslateshapes,Levinesaidinastatement.

Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynonnallywould,andabouthalf

ofchildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher-incomeparentstendedtohave

childrenplayw