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Chapter4CapturingtheRequirements2007/2008Learningobjectives

Explainwhyitisnecessarytoelicitrequirementsfromsoftwarecustomers,andtheroleofrequirementsinthesoftwarelife-cycle

Identifythecharacteristicsthatmakeindividualrequirementsgoodorbad;

Describethetypesofrequirementsthatshouldbeincludedinarequirementsdocument;

DescribethenotationsandmethodsthatcanbeusedforcapturingrequirementsExplainhowandwhyrequirementsreviewsshouldbedonetoensurequalityDescribehowtodocumentrequirementsforusebythedesignandtestteams

4.1THEREQUIREMENTSPROCESS

requirementArequirementisanexpressionofdesired(渴望的)behaviorThegoaloftherequirementsphaseistounderstandthecustomer’sproblemandneedsDuringthespecificationphase,wewilldecidewhichrequirementswillbefulfilled(履行)byoursoftwaresystem;

Duringthedesignphase,wewilldeviseaplaneforhowthespecifiedbehaviorwillbeimplementedThepersonperformingrequirementtasksusuallyiscalledrequirementsanalystorsystemsanalyst4.1THEREQUIREMENTSPROCESSProcessforcapturingtherequirements,FIGURE4.1Processforcapturingtherequirements引出分析詳述確認(rèn)4.2REQUIREMENTSELICITATION

Requirementselicitationisanespeciallycriticalpartoftheprocess.Wemustuseavarietyoftechniquestodeterminewhattheusersandcustomersreallywant.Itisonlybydiscussingtherequirementswitheveryonewhohasastakeinthesystem,coalescing(接合)thesedifferentviewsintoacoherent(粘在一起的,一致的,連貫的)setofrequirementsandreviewingthesedocumentswiththesestakeholdersthatweallcometoanagreementaboutwhattherequirementare.Sowhoarethestakeholders(股東)ClientsCustomerUsersDomainexpertsMarketresearchersLawyerorauditorsSoftwareengineers

4.3TYPEOFREQUIREMENTS

functionalrequirementdescribesrequirementbehaviorintermsofrequiredactivities.Aqualityrequirement,ornonfunctionalrequirement,describessomequalitycharacteristicthatthesoftwaresolutionmustpossess.Adesignconstraint(約束)isadesigndecisionthathasalreadybeenmadeandthatrestricts(限制,約束)thesetofsolutionstoourproblem.Aprocessconstraintisarestrictiononthetechniquesorresourcethatcanbeusedtobuildthesystem.4.3TYPEOFREQUIREMENTS1.Resolving(分解)Conflicts(沖突)

RequirementsthatabsolutelymustbemetRequirementsthatarehighlydesirable(合意的)butnotnecessaryRequirementsthatarepossiblebutcouldbeeliminated(消滅)2.TwoKindsofRequirementsDocumentsArequirementsdefinitionisacompletelistingofeverythingthecustomerswantstoachieve.The

requirementsspecificationrestates(重申)therequirementsasaspecificationofhowtheproposedsystemshallbehave

4.4CHARACTERISTICSOFREQUIREMENTS

Correct(正確的)Consistent(可靠的)Unambiguous(不含糊的,明確的)Complete(全部的)Feasible(切實(shí)可行的)Relevant(合乎邏輯、精確的)Testable(可測(cè)試的)Traceable(可追蹤的)4.5MODELINGNOTATIONS

1.

Entity-RelationshipDiagrams(實(shí)體-關(guān)系圖)Entity-RelationshipDiagramsisapopulargraphicalnotionalparadigmforrepresentingconceptualmodels

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