2022高考英語乙卷C篇二次精讀（教師篇）

第3課時第一節(jié)：真題再現(xiàn)語篇類型：說明文主題語境：人與社會科學(xué)與技術(shù)無人機(jī)在鐵路運營中的應(yīng)用難度系數(shù)：★★★建議用時：9’文章出處:htwwchangefuturerailays原文章標(biāo)題:Howdroneswillchangethefutureofrailways?〔2022全國乙卷C篇〕Canasmallgroupofdrones〔無人機(jī)〕guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday's"eyesinthesky"technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure〔根底設(shè)施〕worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehightensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandontimeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient〔高效〕acrosstheboard.Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews'efforts.Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghighervalueservicesforrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks,dronesforraildon'tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeacopilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfastmovingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.28.Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible?A.Theuseofdronesincheckingonpowerlines.B.Drones'abilitytoworkathighaltitudes.C.Thereductionofcostindesigningdrones.D.Drones'reliableperformanceinremoteareas.29.Whatdoes"maintenance"underlinedinparagraph3referto?A.Personnelsafety.B.Assistancefromdrones.C.Inspectionandrepair.D.Constructionofinfrastructure.30.Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?A.Toprovideearlywarning.B.Tomaketrainsrunautomatically.C.Toearnprofitsforthecrews.D.Toacceleratetransportation.31.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwithDronesB.HowProductionofDronesCanBeExpandedC.WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFaceD.HowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailways體裁：科普說明文主題：人與社會——無人機(jī)【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文主要介紹無人機(jī)將會保證鐵路的平安性和牢靠性?！径我馐崂怼康谝欢危阂霰疚脑掝}，無人機(jī)能否應(yīng)用于鐵路平安。其次段：無人機(jī)應(yīng)用于鐵軌根底設(shè)施，鐵軌位置的固定。第三段：無人機(jī)應(yīng)用于鐵路平安的好處。第四段：無人機(jī)應(yīng)用于鐵路平安的開展方向?！敬鸢讣敖馕觥緼【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。此題詢問Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible?是什么讓無人機(jī)在鐵路線上的應(yīng)用成為可能？依據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞theapplicationofdronestoraillines可復(fù)原到其次段Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehightensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.無人機(jī)已經(jīng)被用于檢查高壓電線。他們可以做同樣的事情來檢查鐵路線和鐵路根底設(shè)施的其它重要方面，如鐵軌和開關(guān)點的正確位置可知，無人機(jī)已經(jīng)被用于檢查高壓電線使無人機(jī)在鐵路線上的應(yīng)用成為可能，應(yīng)選A。C【解析】詞義猜想題。依據(jù)第三段中ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.據(jù)計算，僅歐洲鐵路每年就花費約200億歐元用于維護(hù)，包括派遣維護(hù)人員，常常在夜間檢查和修理鐵路根底設(shè)施?？芍嬀€句子意為：這包括巨大的維護(hù)本錢節(jié)省和更好地愛護(hù)鐵路人員的平安，應(yīng)選C。A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。此題詢問Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?鐵路無人機(jī)被預(yù)想有什么功能？依據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞areexpeced可找到第四段Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeacopilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfastmovingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.工程師們現(xiàn)在正在討論一個新概念：將來的鐵路無人機(jī)。它們將在火車前方的軌道上移動，并被編程能夠自動運行。帶有先進(jìn)傳感器和人工智能的特別小的無人機(jī)，在火車前面行駛，可以像副駕駛一樣引導(dǎo)火車.由于他們能夠看到前方，他們可以預(yù)示出任何問題?？芍?，應(yīng)選A。干擾項分析本試題誤選答案為B?？忌鷷罁?jù)段中“Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.〞選擇B項，理解句子可知能夠自動運行的是無人機(jī)二不是火車。D【解析】主旨大意題。依據(jù)第一句Canasmallgroupofdrones〔無人機(jī)〕guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?一小群無人機(jī)能否保證鐵路的平安性和牢靠性，同時關(guān)心鐵路運營商每年節(jié)省數(shù)十億歐元？點名主旨，可知本文主要介紹無人機(jī)將會保證鐵路的平安性和牢靠性，或許會成為鐵路平安的新將來，應(yīng)選D。其次節(jié)：精深語篇高頻核心詞匯guarantee

/?ɡ?r?n?ti?/

v.確保，保證；擔(dān)保safety/?se?fti/n.平安；平安性examine/?ɡ?z?m?n/v.檢查，調(diào)查；electrical/??lektr?kl/adj.電的，與電有關(guān)的likely/?la?kli/可能發(fā)生的；好像適宜的operator/??p?re?t?(r)/n.〔設(shè)備、機(jī)器的〕操作員；經(jīng)營者technology/tek?n?l?d?i/n.科技，技術(shù)inspect/?n?spekt/v.檢查，端詳；檢閱vital/?va?t(?)l/adj.至關(guān)重要的，必不行少的aspect/??spekt/n.方面，特色；朝向worldwide/?w??ld?wa?d/adv.在全世界，在世界各地position/p??z??n/n.位置，地點improve/?m?pru?v/v.

改良；改善include/?n?klu?d/v.包含；把……列為一局部huge/hju?d?/adj.浩大的，極大的saving/?se?v??/n.〔錢、時間或其他資源的〕節(jié)省，節(jié)省protection/pr??tek?n/n.愛護(hù)，防護(hù)；愛護(hù)物personnel/?p??s??nel/n.〔公司、組織或隊中的〕全體人員，員工calculate/?k?lkjule?t/v.計算，核算spend/spend/v.度過，花〔時間〕；花〔錢〕approximately/??pr?ks?m?tli/adv.大約，也許avoid/??v??d/v.防止，防止；回避assist/??s?st/v.關(guān)心，幫助crew/kru?/n.全體船員，全體機(jī)組人員effort/?ef?t/n.努力，困難的嘗試provide/pr??va?d/v.供應(yīng)，供應(yīng)；配備，預(yù)備好fault/f??lt/n.錯誤；責(zé)任，過錯concept/?k?nsept/n.概念，觀念signal/?s?ɡn?l/v.發(fā)信號，示意react/ri??kt/v.〔作出〕反響二、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：1.reliableadj.可信任的,可依靠的→→relyv.依靠，依靠2.operatev.工作;操作;掌握;使運行;(被)使用;(使)運轉(zhuǎn);經(jīng)營,營業(yè);動手術(shù)→operatorn.操作人員;技工;經(jīng)營者→operationn.(有組織的)活動;手術(shù);運轉(zhuǎn);操作3.maintainv.維持;修理;保養(yǎng)→maintenancen.維護(hù),保養(yǎng)→detectiven.偵探;警探adj.偵探的;破案的→detectionn.n.發(fā)覺；偵破；探測；5.signalv.發(fā)信號,示意→6.inspectv.檢查,審查→→inspectionn.檢查,審查熟詞生義1.apply熟義：v.〔通常以書面形式〕申請，懇求生義：v.使用；應(yīng)用原文：Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday's"eyesinthesky"technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure〔根底設(shè)施〕worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.譯文：這就是應(yīng)用今日的"天眼"技術(shù)，它確保全球數(shù)百萬公里的鐵軌和根底設(shè)施對火車來說7x24小時都是是平安的。分析：在本句中意為“tousesthormakesthworkinaparticularsituation(使用；應(yīng)用)〞。switch熟義：v.〔使〕轉(zhuǎn)變，轉(zhuǎn)變，突變生義：n.〔電路的〕開關(guān)，閘，轉(zhuǎn)換器原文：Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghighervalueservicesforrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.譯文：通過使用最新的技術(shù)，無人機(jī)也可以開頭為鐵路供應(yīng)更高價值的效勞，在鐵路或開關(guān)，檢測出故障以免出它們會造成任何平安問題。分析：在本句中意為“asmalldevicethatyoupressormoveupanddowninordertoturnalightorpieceofelectricalequipmentonandoff(〔電路的〕開關(guān)，閘，轉(zhuǎn)換器)〞。3.cause熟義：n.緣由；起因生義：v.使發(fā)生；造成；引起；導(dǎo)致原文：Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghighervalueservicesforrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.譯文：通過使用最新的技術(shù)，無人機(jī)也可以開頭為鐵路供應(yīng)更高價值的效勞，在鐵路或開關(guān)，檢測出故障以免出它們會造成任何平安問題。分析：在本句中意為“tomakesthhappen,especiallysthbadorunpleasant(使發(fā)生；造成；引起；導(dǎo)致)〞。4.perform熟義：v.演出；表演生義：v.做；履行；執(zhí)行原文：Toperformthesetasks,dronesforraildon'tneedtobeflyingoverhead.譯文：為了執(zhí)行這些任務(wù)，用于鐵路的無人機(jī)不需要在頭頂上飛行。分析：在本句中意為“todosth,suchasapieceofwork,taskorduty(做；履行；執(zhí)行)〞5.performance熟義：n.演出；表演生義：n.表現(xiàn)；性能；業(yè)績；工作狀況原文：Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandontimeperformancewillbeimproved.譯文：是定期檢查，鐵路的平安性、牢靠性和準(zhǔn)時性就越能得到改善。。分析：在本句中意為“howwellorbadlyyoudosth;howwellorbadlysthworks(表現(xiàn)；性能；業(yè)績；工作狀況)〞6.operation熟義：n.手術(shù)生義：n.運轉(zhuǎn)；運行；操作原文：Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient〔高效〕acrosstheboard..譯文：本錢將被削減，并且整體運行將更加高效。.。分析：在本句中意為“thewaythatpartsofamachineorasystemwork;theprocessofmakingsthwork(運轉(zhuǎn)；運行；操作)〞。7.run熟義：v.跑；奔跑生義：v.〔使〕運轉(zhuǎn)，運行；操作原文：Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.譯文：它們將在火車前面的軌道上移動，并被編程為自主運行。分析：在本句中意為“tooperateorfunction;tomakesthdothis(〔使〕運轉(zhuǎn)，運行；操作)〞。詞匯應(yīng)用1.inspect/?n?spekt//?n?spekt/verb①~sth/sbtolookcloselyatsth/sb,especiallytocheckthateverythingisasitshouldbe檢查；查看；端詳Theteacherwalkedaroundinspectingtheirwork.老師走來走去檢查他們的作業(yè)。~sth/sbforsthTheplantsareregularlyinspectedfordisease.這些植物定期檢查是否有病害。②~sthtoofficiallyvisitaschool,factory,etc.inordertocheckthatrulesarebeingobeyedandthatstandardsareacceptable視察Publichealthofficialswerecalledintoinspectthepremises.公共衛(wèi)生官員奉召來視察了建筑物。2.apply/??pla?//??pla?/verbFORJOB/COURSE求職；辦手續(xù)①[I,T]tomakeaformalrequest,usuallyinwriting,forsthsuchasajob,aplaceatcollege,university,etc.〔通常以書面形式〕申請，懇求Youshouldapplyinperson/byletter.你應(yīng)當(dāng)當(dāng)面／寫信申請。~forsthtoapplyforajob/passport/grant申請工作／護(hù)照／撥款~tosb/sth(forsth)toapplytoapany/university向公司／高校申請~todosthHehasappliedtojointhearmy.他已報名參。②USE用[T]tousesthormakesthworkinaparticularsituation使用；應(yīng)用~sthtoapplyeconomicsanctions/politicalpressure實行經(jīng)濟(jì)制裁；施加政治壓力~sthtosthThenewtechnologywasappliedtofarming.這項新技術(shù)已應(yīng)用于農(nóng)業(yè)。③PAINT/CREAM油漆；乳劑[T]~sth(tosth)toputorspreadsthsuchaspaint,cream,etc.ontoasurface涂；敷；施Applythecreamsparinglytoyourfaceandneck.把乳霜薄薄地抹在臉和脖子上。④BERELEVANT有關(guān)[I,T](notusedintheprogressivetenses不用于進(jìn)行時)toconcernorrelatetosb/sth有關(guān)；涉及Specialconditionsapplyifyouareunder18.18歲以下者按特殊狀況處理。~tosb/sthWhatIamsayingappliesonlytosomeofyou.我所說的只涉及你們中的一些人。~sthtosb/sthTheword'unexciting'couldneverbeappliedtohernovels.“乏味〞這個詞肯定和她的小說沾不上邊兒。⑤WORKHARD勤奮[T]toworkatsthorstudysthveryhard勤奮工作；努力學(xué)習(xí)~yourselfYouwouldpassyourexamsifyouappliedyourself.努力學(xué)習(xí)就會通過考試。~yourself/sthtosth/todoingsthWeappliedourmindstofindingasolutiontoourproblem.我們絞盡腦汁尋求解決問題的方法。五、核心詞塊1.railwayoperators鐵路運營商,鐵路部門;2.billionsof數(shù)十億...3.applysthto(doing)sth把某物應(yīng)用于(做)某事;4.rail/railwaytracks鐵路軌道;5.hightensionelectricallines高壓電線;6.railwaylines鐵路線;7.ontimeperformance準(zhǔn)點率;準(zhǔn)點性能8.cutcosts降低本錢9.acrosstheboard整體,全面;Itiscalculatedthat.據(jù)計算;performthetask執(zhí)行任務(wù);11.aheadof在…前面:12.checkon檢查,查看;13.powertines電線;14.earnprofits獲利長難句分析①原句：Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday’s“eyesinthesky〞technologytomakesurethatmillionsofkilometersofrailtracksandinfrastructureworldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.分析：本句為主從復(fù)合句。主句為Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday’s“eyesinthesky〞technologytomakesure，其中動詞不定式做后置定語修飾technology，that引導(dǎo)賓語從句作makesure的賓語。譯文：這就是應(yīng)用今日的"天眼"技術(shù)，它確保全球數(shù)百萬公里的鐵軌和根底設(shè)施對火車來說7x24小時都是是平安的。②原句：ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.分析：本句為主從復(fù)合句。主句為固定句型Itiscalculatedthat...其中，It為形式主語，that從句為真正的主語。主語從句使用固定句型sbspends+錢數(shù)+onsth。譯文：據(jù)計算，僅歐洲鐵路每年就花費約200億歐元用于維護(hù)，包括派遣維護(hù)人員，常常在夜間檢查和修理鐵路根底設(shè)施?！救g文】一組無人機(jī)能否保證鐵路的平安性和牢靠性，同時關(guān)心鐵路運營商每年節(jié)省數(shù)十億歐元？這就是應(yīng)用今日的"天眼"技術(shù)，它確保全球數(shù)百萬公里的鐵軌和根底設(shè)施對火車來說7x24小時都是是平安的。無人機(jī)已經(jīng)被用于檢查高壓電線。他們也可以同樣來檢查鐵路線和鐵路根底設(shè)施的其他重要方面，如鐵軌和開關(guān)點的正確位置。對它們的檢查越是規(guī)律，鐵路的平安性、牢靠性和準(zhǔn)時性就越能得到改善。本錢將被削減，運營將全面更有效率。這包括巨大的修理本錢節(jié)省和更好地愛護(hù)鐵路人員的平安。據(jù)計算，僅歐洲鐵路每年就花費約200億歐元用于維護(hù)，包括派遣維護(hù)人員，常常在夜間檢查和修理鐵路根底設(shè)施。這可能是一項危急的工作，假如有無人機(jī)幫助工作人員的工作，就可以防止危急。通過使用最新的技術(shù)，無人機(jī)也可以開頭為鐵路供應(yīng)更高的價值效勞，檢測鐵路或開關(guān)的故障，以免造成任何平安問題。為了執(zhí)行這些任務(wù)，用于鐵路的無人機(jī)不需要在頭頂上飛行。工程師們現(xiàn)在正在討論一個新概念：將來的鐵路無人機(jī)。它們將在火車前方的軌道上移動，并被編程能夠自動運行。帶有先進(jìn)傳感器和人工智能的特別小的無人機(jī)，在火車前面行駛，可以像副駕駛一樣引導(dǎo)火車。由于他們能夠看到前方，他們可以預(yù)示出任何問題，這樣快速行駛的列車就能準(zhǔn)時做出反響。28.是什么讓無人機(jī)在鐵路線上的應(yīng)用成為可能？A.無人機(jī)在檢查電力線路方面的應(yīng)用。B.無人機(jī)在高海拔地區(qū)工作的力量。C.設(shè)計無人機(jī)的本錢的降低。D.無人機(jī)在偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)的牢靠表現(xiàn)。29.第3段中劃線的"maintenance"指的是什么？A.人員的平安。B.無人機(jī)的幫助。C.檢查和修理。D.根底設(shè)施的建設(shè)。30.盼望鐵路無人機(jī)發(fā)揮什么功能？A.供應(yīng)早期預(yù)警。B.使火車自動運行。C.為乘務(wù)員賺取利潤。D.為了加速運輸。31.哪個是最適合該文的標(biāo)題？A.用無人機(jī)可以檢測到哪些故障B.如何擴(kuò)大無人機(jī)的生產(chǎn)范圍C.無人機(jī)開展將面臨哪些困難D.無人機(jī)將如何轉(zhuǎn)變鐵路的將來第三節(jié)：實戰(zhàn)演練典例1：根底練★★Passage1(2013山東卷*閱讀理解C篇)Youcan'talwayspredictaheavyrainorrememberyourumbrella.ButdesignerMikhailBelyaevdoesn'tthinkthatforgettingtochecktheweatherforecastbeforeheadingoutshouldresultinyougettingwet.Thar'swhyhecreatedLampbrella，alamppostwithitsownrainsensingumbrella.ThedesignersayshecameupwiththeideaafterwatchingpeoplegetwetonstreetsinRussia."Once，IwasdrivingonacentralSaintPetersburgstreetandsawthestreetlampslightinguppeopletryingtohidefromtherain.Ithoughtitwouldbeappropriatetohaveacanopy〔傘蓬〕builtintoastreetlamp."hesaid.TheLampbrellaisastandard—lookingstreetlampfittedwithanumbrellacanopy.Ithasabuilt—inelectricmotorwhichcanopenorclosetheumbrellaondemand.Sensorsthenensurethattheumbrellaofferspedestriansshelterwheneveritstartsraining.Inadditiontotherainsensor，there'salsoa3600motionsensoronthefiberglassstreetlampwhichdetectswhetheranyone'susingtheLampbrella.Afterthreeminutesofnotbeingused，thecanopyisclosed.Accordingtothedesigner，theLampbrellawouldmoveatarelativelylowspeed，soasnottocauseharmtothepedestrians.Besides，itwouldbegroundedtoprotectfrompossiblelightingstrike.EachLampbrellawouldofferenoughshelterforseveralpeople.Beinginstalledat2metersofftheground，itwouldonlybeadangerforthetallestofpedestrians.WhiletherearenoplanstotaketheLampbrellaintoproduction，BelyaevsaysherecentlyintroducedhiscreationtooneMoscowDepartment，andinsiststhiscreationcouldbeinstalledonanystreetwherealotofpeoplewalkbuttherearenocanopiestoprovideshelter.〔1〕ForwhatpurposedidBelyaevcreatetheLampbrella？AA.Toprotectpeoplefromtherain.B.Tochecktheweatherforecast.C.Topredictaheavyrain.D.Toremindpeopletotakeanumbrella.〔2〕WhatdoweknowfromBelyaev'swordsinParagraph2？DA.Heenjoyedtakingwalksintherain.B.Streetlampsareprotectedbycanopies.C.ItrainsalotinthecityofSaintPetersburg.D.Hiscreationwasinspiredbyanexperience.〔3〕WhatdoesParagraph5mainlytellusabouttheLampbrella？CA.Itsmovingspeed.B.Itsappearance.C.Itssafety.D.Itsinstallation.〔4〕Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph？BA.Thedesignerwillopenapanytopromotehisproduct.B.Thedesignerisconfidentthathiscreationispractical.C.TheLampbrellacouldbeputintoimmediateproduction.D.TheLampbrellawouldbeputonshowinMoscow.【分析】本文為一篇說明文。主要介紹了MikhailBelyaev制造的一種雨傘。那就是在燈柱下安一個雨傘，短文介紹了這個新制造的用途與如何使用的方法?！窘獯稹俊?〕A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)Toprotectpeoplefromtherain，hecreatedlampbrella〔愛護(hù)人們免受雨水，他制造了"路燈雨傘"?！晨芍狟elyaev制造了雨傘來愛護(hù)人們免受雨淋。應(yīng)選A?！?〕D.推理推斷題。從文章其次段Ithoughtitwouldbeappropriatetohaveacanopy〔傘蓬〕builtintoastreetlamp.〔我覺得在路燈上加一個頂篷比擬適宜?！晨芍O(shè)計者喜愛淋雨?？芍膭?chuàng)作靈感來自一次經(jīng)受。應(yīng)選D。safety.〔它的平安性〕正確。應(yīng)選C?！?〕B.推理推斷題。從文章最終一段WhiletherearenoplanstotaketheLampbrellaintoproduction，BelyaevsaysherecentlyintroducedhiscreationtooneMoscowDepartment，andinsistshiscreationcouldbeinstalledonanystreetwherealotofpeoplewalkbuttherearenocanopiestoprovideshelter.〔盡管目前還沒有將這款雨傘投入生產(chǎn)的方案，但別里亞耶夫表示，他最近將這款雨傘介紹給了莫斯科的一個部門，并堅持認(rèn)為他的產(chǎn)品可以安裝在任何行人多但沒有遮篷遮擋???的街道上?！晨芍M管沒有方案把這種裝置投入生產(chǎn)，但是設(shè)計者卻仍舊堅持應(yīng)當(dāng)在需要的街道上安裝這種傘，由此推斷他認(rèn)為自己的制造很有有用價值。結(jié)合選項，應(yīng)選B。Passage2(2021新高考Ⅱ卷*閱讀理解D篇)AnAustralianprofessorisdevelopingarobottomonitorthehealthofgrazingcattle，adevelopmentthatcouldbringbigchangestoaprofessionthat'sreliedlargelyonalow﹣techapproachfordecadesbutisfacingalaborshortage.SalahSukkarieh，aprofessorattheUniversityofSydney，seesrobotsasnecessarygivenhowcattlemenareaging.Heisbuildingafour﹣wheeledrobotthatwillrunonsolarandelectricpower.Itwillusecamerasandsensorstomonitortheanimals.Aputersystemwillanalyzethevideotodeterminewhetheracowissick.Radiotags〔標(biāo)簽〕ontheanimalswillmeasuretemperaturechanges.Thequalityofgrasslandwillbetrackedbymonitoringtheshape，colorandtexture〔質(zhì)地〕ofgrass.Thatway，cattlemenwillknowwhethertheyneedtomovetheircattletoanotherfieldfornutritionpurposes.Machineshavelargelytakenoverplanting，wateringandharvestingcropssuchascornandwheat，butthemonitoringofcattlehasgonethroughfewerchanges.ForTexascattlemanPeteBonds，it'sincreasinglydifficulttofindworkersinterestedinwatchingcattle.ButBondsdoesn'tbelievearobotisrightforthejob.Yearsofexperienceintheindustry﹣andfailedattemptstousetechnology﹣haveconvincedhimthatthebestwaytocheckcattleiswithamanonahorse.Bonds，whoboughthisfirstcattlealmost50yearsago，stillhaseachofhiscowboysinspect300or400cattledailyandlookforsignsthatananimalisgettingsick.Othercattlemenseemorepromiseinrobots.MichaelKelseyParis，vicepresidentoftheOklahomaCattlemen'sAssociation，saidarobotcouldbeextremelyusefulgivenrisingconcernsaboutcattletheft.Cattletendtobekeptinremoteplacesandtheirvaluehasrisen，makingthemappealingtargets.〔1〕Whatisaproblemwiththecattle﹣raisingindustry？BA.Soilpollution.B.Lackofworkers.C.Agingmachines.D.Lowprofitability.〔2〕WhatwillSukkarieh'srobotbeabletodo？AA.Monitorthequalityofgrass.B.Curethediseasedcattle.C.Movecattletoanotherfield.D.Predictweatherchanges.〔3〕WhydoesPeteBondsstillhirecowboystowatchcattle？BA.Hewantstohelpthemearnaliving.B.Hethinksmencandothejobbetter.C.Heisinexperiencedinusingrobots.D.Heenjoysthetraditionalwayoflife.〔4〕HowmayrobotshelpwithcattlewatchingaccordingtoMichaelKelsey？DA.Increasethevalueofcattle.B.Bringdownthecostoflabor.C.Makethejobmoreappealing.D.Keepcattlefrombeingstolen.【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章敘述了澳大利亞一名教授正在開發(fā)一種機(jī)器人，用于監(jiān)測放牧牛的健康狀況?！窘獯稹俊?〕B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第一段"AnAustralianprofessorisdevelopingarobottomonitorthehealthofgrazingcattle，adevelopmentthatcouldbringbigchangestoaprofessionthat'sreliedlargelyonalow﹣techapproachfordecadesbutisfacingalaborshortage.〔澳大利亞一名教授正在開發(fā)一種機(jī)器人，用于監(jiān)測放牧牛的健康狀況，這一開發(fā)可能會給畜牧業(yè)帶來重大變化。幾十年來，畜牧業(yè)主要依靠低技術(shù)手段，但目前正面臨勞動力短缺的問題?！?可知，畜牧產(chǎn)業(yè)面臨勞動力短缺的問題。應(yīng)選B?！?〕A.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章其次段"Thequalityofgrasslandwillbtrackedbymonitoringtheshape，colorandtextureofgrass.〔通過監(jiān)測草的外形、顏色和質(zhì)地來跟蹤草地的質(zhì)量?！?可知，Sukkarieh的機(jī)器人可以監(jiān)測草的質(zhì)量。應(yīng)選A?！?〕B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第四段"ButBondsdoesn'tbelievearobotisrightforthejob.Yearsofexperienceintheindustry﹣andfailedattemptstousetechnology﹣haveconvincedhimthatthebestwaytocheckcattleiswithamanonahorse.〔但邦茲認(rèn)為機(jī)器人并不適合這份工作。多年的行業(yè)閱歷以及使用技術(shù)的失敗嘗試一使他確信，檢查牛的最好方法是讓一名男子騎在立刻?！?可知，皮特?邦茲仍舊雇傭牛仔看牛是由于他認(rèn)為人能做得更好。應(yīng)選B。〔4〕D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章最終一段"MichaelKelseyParis，vicepresidentoftheOklahomaCattlemen'sAssociation，saidarobotcouldbeextremelyusefulgivenrisingconcernsaboutcattletheft〔俄克拉荷馬州養(yǎng)牛人協(xié)會副會長MichaelKelseyParis說，鑒于人們對偷牛的擔(dān)憂不斷上升，機(jī)器人可能會特別有用?！?可知，機(jī)器人關(guān)心照看牛，可以防止牛被偷。應(yīng)選D。典例2：力量提升練★★★Passage1(2020全國Ⅰ卷*閱讀理解D篇)Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown，Ohio，forexample，discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother，employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology〔MIT〕havetakenitastepfurther﹣changingtheactualpositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse，evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey'reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater."We'rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday，"explainedMichaelStrano，aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsglow〔發(fā)光〕inexperimentsusingsomemonvegetables.Strano'steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightforthree﹣and﹣a﹣halfhours.Thelight，aboutone﹣thousandthoftheamountneededtoreadby，isjustastart.Thetechnology，Stranosaid，couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreesintoself﹣poweredstreetlamps.Inthefuture，theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesinaone﹣offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant'slifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff"switch"wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource〔電源〕﹣suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway﹣alotofenergyislostduringtransmission〔傳輸〕.Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.〔1〕Whatdoesthestudyinthefirstparagraphmainlyfind？BA.Differentplantsbeautifythecities.B.Greenplantshavebenefits.C.Thereisabigfallincrimerates.D.Employeeslikegreenplants.〔2〕WhatisthefunctionofthesensorsprintedonplantleavesbyMITengineer？DA.Tomakethelifeofplantslonger.B.Tochangepositionsofplants.C.Totestchemicalsinplants.D.Todetectplants'lackofwater.〔3〕Whatcanweexpectoftheglowingplantsinthefuture？CA.Theywillspeedupenergyproduction.B.Theymaysendelectricitytothehome.C.Theymighthelpreduceenergyconsumption.D.Theycouldtaketheplaceofpowerplants.〔4〕Whatmaybethebesttitleforthepassage？AA.Couldglowingplantsreplacelamps？B.Canwegrowmoreglowingplants？C.Howdowelivewithglowingplants？D.Howareglowingplantsmadepollution﹣free？【分析】本文主要介紹了一種會發(fā)光的植物可能代替路燈?！窘獯稹俊?〕B.段落大意題。依據(jù)第一段AstudyconductedinYoungstown，Ohio，forexample，discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlessanother，employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.例如，在俄亥俄州揚(yáng)斯敦市進(jìn)行的一項討論發(fā)覺，該市綠化較好的地區(qū)犯罪率較低。在另一項討論中，當(dāng)員工的工作場所被室內(nèi)植物裝飾時，他們的工作效率提高了15%?？芍?，本段主要介紹綠色植物有好處。應(yīng)選B?！?〕D.推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey'reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.這些植物包括在葉子上印上傳感器以顯示缺水狀況的植物，以及可以檢測地下水中有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)的植物?？芍槭±砉W(xué)院工程師在植物葉子上植入的傳感器的功能是檢測植物的缺水狀況。應(yīng)選D?！?〕C.推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段Thetechnology，Stranosaid，couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreesintoself﹣poweredstreetlamps.斯特拉諾說，這項技術(shù)有一天可以用來照亮房間，甚至可以把樹木變成自動路燈?？芍?，我們估計這些發(fā)光的植物將來可能有助于削減能源消耗。應(yīng)選C?！?〕A.標(biāo)題歸納題。依據(jù)全文和第三段Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsglow〔發(fā)光〕inexperimentsusingsomemonvegetables...lighttheroomsoreventoturntreesintoself﹣poweredstreetglowingplantsreplacelamps？發(fā)光的植物能代替燈嗎？符合文意，應(yīng)選A。Passage2(2017全國Ⅱ卷*閱讀理解C篇)TerrafugiaInc.saidMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhaspleteditsfirstflight，bringingthepanyclosertoitsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithinthenextyear.Thevehicle﹣namedtheTransition﹣hastwoseats，fourwheelsandwingsthatfoldupsoitcanbedrivenlikeacar.TheTransition，whichflewat1，400feetforeightminuteslastmonth，canreacharound70milesperhourontheroadand115intheair.Itfliesusinga23﹣gallontankofgasandburns5gallonsperhourintheair.Ontheground，itgets35milespergallon.Around100peoplehavealreadyputdowna﹩10，000deposittogetaTransitionwhentheygoonsale，andthosenumberswilllikelyriseafterTerrafugiaintroducestheTransitiontothepubliclaterthisweekattheNewYorkAutoShow.Butdon'texpectittoshowupintoomanydriveways.It'sexpectedtocost﹩279，000.Anditwon'thelpifyou'restuckintraffic.Thecarneedsarunway.Inventorshavebeentryingtomakeflyingcarssincethe1930s，accordingtoRobertMann，anairlineindustryexpert.ButMannthinksTerrafugiahasecloserthananyonetomakingtheflyingcarareality.Thegovernmenthasalreadypermittedthepanytousespecialmaterialstomakeiteasierforthevehicletofly.TheTransitionisnowgoingthroughcrashteststomakesureitmeetsfederalsafetystandards.MannsaidTerrafugiawashelpedbytheFederalAviationAdministration'sdecisionfiveyearsagotocreateaseparatesetofstandardsforlightsportaircraft，whicharelowerthanthoseforpilotsoflargerplanes.Terrafugiasaysanownerwouldneedtopassatestandplete20hoursofflyingtimetobeabletoflytheTransition，arequirementpilotswouldfindrelativelyeasytomeet.〔1〕Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout？AA.ThebasicdataoftheTransition.B.Theadvantagesofflyingcars.C.Thepotentialmarketforflyingcars.D.ThedesignersoftheTransition.〔2〕WhyistheTransitionunlikelytoshowupintoomanydriveways？CA.Itcausestrafficjams.B.Itisdifficulttooperate.C.Itisveryexpensive.D.Itburnstoomuchfuel.〔3〕Whatisthegovernment'sattitudetothedevelopmentoftheflyingcar？BB.Favorable.C.Ambiguous.D.Disapproving.〔4〕Whatisthebesttitleforthetext？DA.FlyingCaratAutoShowB.TheTransition'sFirstFlightC.Pilots'DreamingTrueD.FlyingCarClosertoReality【分析】這是一篇說明文。主要敘述了Terrafugia公司，研制出了飛車，試飛勝利，估計將于明年進(jìn)行銷售?！窘獯稹俊?〕A.段落大意題。依據(jù)第一段中"Thevehicle—namedtheTransition–hastwoseats，fourwheelsandwingsthatfoldupsoitcanbedrivenlikeacar.TheTransition，whichflewat1，400feetforeightminuteslastmonth，canreacharound70milesperhourontheroadand115intheair.Itfliesusinga23﹣gallontankofgasandburns5gallonsperhourintheair.Ontheground，itgets35milespergallon.〔這款名為Transition的汽車有兩個座位、四個輪子和可以折疊的機(jī)翼，這樣它就可以像汽車一樣駕駛。Transition上個月在1400英尺的高空飛行了8分鐘，在大路上的時速可以到達(dá)70英里，在空中的時速可以到達(dá)115英里。它飛行時需要消耗23加侖的汽油，在空中每小時燃燒5加侖。在地面上，每加侖汽油能跑35英里〕"可知，本段主要講的是Transition的根本數(shù)據(jù)。應(yīng)選A項?！?〕C.推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段中"Butdon'texpectittoshowupintoomanydriveways.It'sexpectedtocost＄279，000.〔但別希望它會消失在太多的車道上。估計售價27.9萬美元〕"可知，由于Transition的價格較高，所以不太可能在太多的大路上消失。應(yīng)選C項?！?〕B.情感態(tài)度題。依據(jù)第三段中"Thegovernmenthasalreadypermittedthepanytousespecialmaterialstomakeiteasierforthevehicletofly.TheTransitionisnowgoingthroughcrashteststomakesureitmeetsfederalsafetystandards.〔政府已經(jīng)允許該公司使用特殊材料，使其更簡單飛行〕"以及最終一段中"MannsaidTerrafugiawashelpedbytheFederalAviationAdministration'sdecisionfiveyearsagotocreateaseparatesetofstandardsforlightsportaircraft，whicharelowerthanthoseforpilotsoflargerplanes.〔Mann說，聯(lián)邦航空管理局五年前打算為輕型運動飛機(jī)制定一套的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，這一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)低于大型飛機(jī)飛行員的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，這對Terrafugia公司是有關(guān)心的〕"可知，政府對于飛車的研發(fā)是比擬支持的。A.Cautious"謹(jǐn)慎的"；B.Favorable"支持的"；C.Ambiguous"模糊的"；D.Disapproving"不贊同的"。應(yīng)選B項?！?〕D.標(biāo)題推斷題。通讀全文，依據(jù)第一段中"TerrafugiaInc.saidMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhaspleteditsfirstflight，bringingthepanyclosertoitsgo