現(xiàn)代大學英語精讀 第二 Uni

StructureI.Introduction:TherearethreekindsofthinkingandImyselfcouldnotthinkatall.(para.1)II.Thethreegradesofthinking(paras.2-32)A.Grade-threethinking:thewriter’sheadmasterbeinganexample(paras.2-24)B.Grade-twothinking(paras.25-29)C.Grade-onethinking(paras.30-32)III.Conclusion:Conversionofthewriterintoagrade-onethinker(paras.33-35).49.Iwasirreverentatthebestoftimes.Politicalandreligioussystems,socialcustoms,loyaltiesandtraditions,theyallcametumblingdownlikesomanyrottenapplesoffatree.(para.31)在情況最好的時候，我也沒有表現(xiàn)出敬意。政治和宗教制度、社會風俗、忠誠和傳統(tǒng)。在我看來都像樹上諸多的爛蘋果一樣會紛紛滾落在地。Irreverent:lackingreverence;criticalofwhatisgenerallyacceptedorrespected

不虔誠的、不恭敬的atthebestoftimes:

adv.在最有利的情況下Evenatthebestoftimestheliftwasseldomworking.

即使最順利的時候，電梯也是很少開的。Tumble:

跌倒，摔倒；被絆倒；倒塌；翻來覆去，翻騰

Tumbletotheground.Thehousetumbleddowninthestorm.Languagepoints50.Icameupintheendwithwhatmustalwaysremainthejustificationforgrade-onethinking.Idevisedacoherentsystemforliving.Itwasamoralsystem,whichwaswhollylogical.(Para.31)最后我悟出了如何才能保持一級思考能力的真諦。我構建了一個統(tǒng)一的生存體系，那是一個道德體系，完全合乎邏輯。

--Accordingtotheauthor,grade-onethinkingmustbebasedonacoherentandlogicalsystemforliving,inotherwords,amoralsystem,withoutwhichyoucannotproveyourselftobeagrade-onethinker.Judgingbythecontext,thissystemprobablyreferstoone’sworldoutlook世界觀andbasicpoliticalbeliefsandmoralprinciples.Comeupwith:追趕上；比得上；想出；準備好（錢等）Hecouldalwayscomeupwithareasonforthemtostayforanotherweek.

devise:想出，設計51.Ofcourse,asIreadilyadmitted,conversionoftheworldtomywayofthinkingmightbedifficult,sincemysystemdidawaywithanumberoftrifles,suchasbigbusiness,centralizedgovernment,armies,marriage.(para.31)--OfcourseIknewverywellthatitmightbedifficulttochangetheworldtomywayofthinking.doawaywithanumberoftrifles：togetridofanumberofunimportantthingssuchasbigbusiness…Itshowsthattheauthorisagainstbigbusiness,centralizedgovernment,armies,etc.doawaywith:Todoawaywithsomethingmeanstoremoveitcompletelyorputanendtoit.廢除，消滅，去掉；滌除；搞掉trifle:

可數名詞

小事;瑣事;無價值的東西Atrifleissomethingthatisconsideredtohavelittleimportance,value,orsignificance.52.ItwasRuthalloveragain.Ihadsomeverygoodfriendswhostoodbyme,andstilldo.Butmyacquaintancesvanished,takingthegirlswiththem.(Para.32)

--WhathadhappenedtoRuthandmenowhappenedagain.Mygrade-twothinkingfrightenedawaymanyofmyacquaintances.alloveragain:repeated再來一遍、重新開始I'llhavetowriteitalloveragain.我得從頭再寫一遍。

standbya.toremainuninvolved;torefrainfromacting旁觀b.toremainloyalto;toaidorsupport支持c.tokeepormaintain遵守d.tobereadyoravailabletoact準備行動e.g.Hestoodbymethroughallmytroubles.Thepolicearestandingbytocontrolthecrowdifitisnecessary.Youshouldalwaysstandbyyourpromises.Youcan’tstandbyandallowsuchathing.Acquaintancen.a.apersonwhomoneknows(CN) b.knowledgeorinformationaboutsomethingorsomeone(UN)n.acquaintanceshipv.acquaint:Tocometoknowpersonally;tomakefamiliar;toinform;Examples:Mrs.Bosomleyhasbecomemerelyanoddingacquaintance.點頭之交；FewofmyacquaintanceslikeSheila.認識的人TheguidehassomeacquaintancewithItalian.懂一點意大利語Hehasawide

acquaintanceshipamongallsortsofpeople.

交往甚廣53.Hadthegamegonetoofar?Inthoseprewardays,Istoodtoloseagreatdeal,forthesakeofahobby.(para.33)--Inthoseprewardayswhenmanypeoplewerefullyworkeduptoapoliticalfrenzy,itwasverydangeroustovoicedifferentopinions.Youmightlosefriendsoryourjob.game:hisgrade-onethinkingwhichhetakesasahobbygotoofar:togobeyondwhatisreasonableandacceptable

走得太遠，做的過火；出圈兒

Don‘tgotoofarafieldoryou'llgetlost.別走得太遠，要不然你會迷路的。

stoodtolose:tobelikelytolose定然會54.NowyouareexpectingmetodescribehowIsawthefollyofmywaysandcamebacktothewarmnest…(para.34)--NowyouthinkIwilltellyouhowIgraduallysawmystupidityinbeingagrade-onethinkerandthereforedecidedtogiveitupandreturntothemajorityofgrade-threethinkers.現(xiàn)在你一定指望我描述我如何認識到了我自己設計的愚蠢的思維方式，又是如何回到溫暖的小巢了吧。在這個安樂窩中，偏見被稱為忠誠，無意義的行為被不斷重復后變成了習俗，我們卻心滿意足地說自己在思考。

follyn.蠢笨蠢笨；愚行；諷刺劇55寄.塘Bu菜t攏yo拆u習wo州ul陵d蠶be耍w麻ro位ng別.篩I烏dr階op寬pe犬d拾my鈴h作ob塔by奧a亡nd掩t碑ur芬ne功d悠pr死of珠es尚si存on哭al界.(致pa朽ra吹.3蓋5)但是癥，你慣錯了牲。我絨把我挪的嗜秘好變沃成了點職業(yè)醉。--糧Bu疏t意yo躬u量gu虧es犁se檔d隙wr滴on驅g.梅I粘d貸id冒n女ot貝d災ro芽p行my繼h雕ob當by灰o終f途th講in攤ki豈ng筆(庫h延er亂e,學w艘e墓ca單n掀sa磁y類he逼m依ig鍬ht沿g母iv拍e員up晃t夾he惑h耽ob過by嗽o退f稅gr榜ad睜e-績tw論o肌th剩in塘ki經ng楊).窄I帆ns擋te坡ad澆I秩w笑en齒t例fu爽rt往he阻r為an廊d叉be奴ca往me翅a您p幟ro手fe回ss麗io懸na蚊l倉th傳in唐ke科r.Wr每it裁in程g凳De繼vi馳ce戒sMetonymy（轉喻）issubstitutingawordforanotherwordcloselyassociatedwithit.In節(jié)m涌et疲on卻ym梢y,密a歸n款id鍋ea毀i槽s槐ev權ok魚ed據o臭r世na雷me愚d什by襲m蛙ea俘ns謎o旁f窩te豈rm菠d酒es臥ig睛na膽ti棋ng指出so密me劑a眠ss店oc筋ia監(jiān)te筋d臂no笑ti俯on茫.到“I磨t”畏s協(xié)ta乓nd育s悔fo撫r仰“t撇ho挨ug仙ht崇”兆in蠟g群ra界mm目ar準,廉bu顫t演ac版tu蝕al緒ly燦r興ef手er千s撈to地M攝r.享H鐮ou減gh掃to雜n,猶a妹nd職i票t編is莖v綿ul亦ga驅r毀to芬r騰ef菌er臥t嘉o磨a欲gi查rl注a鉗s稿a刮sk睛ir批t.It劃w把il差l庭le校ct贏ur目e芽on曉d騎is僑in刻te晌re格st擦ed描p鏈ur駛it道y華wh繞il波e傲it敲s購ne著ck右i困s只be承in逆g免re艙mo億rs像el墨es哥sl搭y演tw環(huán)is王te男d疤to毫wa復rd豆a灶s體ki曠rt卸.吵(P僚ar身a.雄2悶3)Mr準.冊Ho滴ug碑ht洽ongi好rl潛sTh音ebu俯rg梳la婚rwa比s趴in曾S謊al遼ly壇’s縣m釘in游d勒al糞l顧da涂y紀lo盤ng窯.嶼(b漏ur芹gl氣ar溪=s宇om扛e旁id卸ea壤o見f種th著e豆bu田rg拴la責r)De腫mo愈cr槽ac思y魚fa歷vo盲rs焦t驅hevo設tera辱th鴨er唇t板ha錯n卻th扭ebu斑ll敬et.蛙(V英ot紅e=賽el啊ec濕ti肌on碌,撓bu精ll值et佩=m居il咳it泡ar塔y洗so尊lu編ti薯on提s)“P參ol災it住ic孕al丟p塵ow謹er肌g睛ro斗ws即o采ut蝴o廣fth啞e僅ba泉rr出el偉o筐f躁a秤gu膚n.”松(M根ao宣Z分ed淹on綁g賄re晴fe輩rs菌i煙t貼to懂t孕he弟m司il方it籠ar竄y羨re貿vo算lu啄ti輔on假)Bi汽ll叼G斜at廚esis喇t搞he季k康in喉g攔of黎o慘pe躍ra謎ti羞ng揉s拾ys倍te宣ms躁w私or橫ld設wi侮de奴.(B望il步l辯Ga唯te莖s倒=陪Mi皮cr腫os很of椅t)Th撫epe外nis附m源ig心ht凱ie嘗r個th免an鏈t呀hesw燦or屢d.(pe灰n傳=種wr牽it競er稠;溝sw猜or耳d伍=篇fi務gh鮮te肚r)文能格勝武.Mo剛re風e淹xa籃mp毯le摟sWr辯it列in詳g螺De策vi閉ce蒜sSynecdoche[s?’nekd?ki]

（提喻）Synecdochecanbeincludedinmetonymy,anditreferstothesubstitutionofthepartforthewholeorofthewholeforthepart.

If躁w敞e饅we拘re賞c還ou單nt片in乳ghe翠ad懇s,砍th染e屈Bu盡dd鑼hi鵲st擊swe便re跑t繁he澇b陽oy涼s派fo蠻r疏my謠m躁on野ey爬.滔(P暑ar邊a.癢2盒7)(h耽ea趣d排=攪pe練rs罰on粒)Th嘴er鄭e墳ar迷e搞tw險omo疊ut宣hsto鈔f拋ee碎d騾in這m正y匙fa周mi躍ly僑.(m屠ou遭th鑄=寧p歉er倦so豈n)Go助d鑄bl僑es薄s酬th未eha臘nd潛sth償at安p獅re舞pa各re亦d薯th床is嫌f把oo信d.(h莊an職d券=涂pe袍rs抱on技)Wr陳it柱in孝g卻De瓶vi逮ce鄭sIrony['a?r?n?]

（反語）Ironyistheexpressionofone’smeaningbyusinglanguagethatnormallysignifiestheopposite,typicallyforhumorousoremphatic加強語氣的effect.Te瀉ch駁ni炸ca透ll載y,抖i伴t簽is感a踩bo偷utas擦p通ro脊fi峽ci門en絡t皆as鋒m聚os幼tbu層si煩ne齒ss叨me響n’庫s擾go蘇lf,as懶h偷on麗es捐t恒as伴m掠os廳t債po點li暫ti漁ci想an吩s’in濾te創(chuàng)nt飯io反ns,or似a扯s飛co流he奸re罪nt慚a綿s茂mo居st檢b勻oo次ks醉t賓ha錫t徐ge券twr收it用te梨n.授(P訪ar繳a.有2會3)Mr濕.亡Ho額ug過ht昨on融w霸as拒g搏iv辣en肢t臉ohi蒜gh罰-m戲in蔥de陵dmo圓no確lo老gu絲式esab議ou耕tth嗓e偷go慣od堵l予if矩e,se吩xl攝es牢san快dfu梨ll迅o掘fdu繳ty.摩(P評ar蕉a.譯2啟0)Wr匹it氣in書g皂De箱vi郵ce剖s

Itisthedeliberateuseofoverstatementorexaggerationtoachieveemphasis.Forinstance.Yo電u睛co以ul講d艱he抽ar期t徑he啟w嘗in繩d,tr筐ap辭pe浪d愉in宗h系is對c糕he狗stan煌dst像ru勉gg痰li嚇ng箭w復it癥h腦al斬l胡th艘e蠅un效na叨tu顫ra項l次i照mp鼓ed圖im百en房誠ts.糟Hi折s摸bo窄dy衣w絨ou啞ldre厲el挪w扣it布h勒sh景oc羨kan但d尖hi室s茶fa挺ce筒g陵o蘆wh涂it如eat波t滑he逼u診na尤cc遇us聞to貢me細d克vi景si洪ta壤ti絹on.橡He互w辨ou愁ldst歪ag設ge簽rba屢ck猴t逢o足hi蓄s掏de忠sk拐a侵ndco瘦ll鳴ap握seth什er寫e,us葉el衫es神s缺fo已r流th倦e壩re傷st毯o恩f姐th遙e鼠mo救rn籌in四g.揚(P母ar宿a.脹1枝9)Hyperbole[ha?’p?:b?li:]（夸張）Wr夫it嗽in圾g擊De利vi峽ce傍sSimile['s?m?l?]（明喻）是常用as或like等詞將具有某種共同特征的兩種不同事物連接起來的一種修辭手法。明喻的表達方法是：A像B。

Itmakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelementshavingatleastonequalityorcharacteristicincommon.Tomakethecomparison,wordslike“as”,“as...as”,“asif”and“l(fā)ike”areusedtotransferthequalityweassociatewithonetotheother.

Th現(xiàn)