山西省呂梁市趙家坪鄉(xiāng)中學(xué)2021-2022學(xué)年高一英語(yǔ)期末試卷含解析

山西省呂梁市趙家坪鄉(xiāng)中學(xué)2021-2022學(xué)年高一英語(yǔ)期末試卷含解析一、選擇題1.Motheraskedtheyoungestkid

withhistoycar.A.whatthematterwas

B.whatwasthematter

C.whatthematteris

D.whatisthematter參考答案：B2.Theofficercommandedthatwe____thedoor.

A.don’topen

B.didn’topen

C.nottoopen

D.notopen參考答案：D略3.Wearelivinginanage

everyoneisencouragedtohavetheirideasonblogs.A.when B.where C.which D.that參考答案：A4.---Oh,you’vegotagoodjob.Doyoureallyworkhere?---No,Susan.I______outuntilthemanagercomesback.A.justhelped

B.willjusthelp

C.amjusthelping

D.havejusthelped參考答案：C5.____you’vemadeinEnglish!I’mproudofyou.A.Whatanamazingprogress

B.WhatamazingprogressC.Howanamazingprogress

D.Howamazingprogress參考答案：B6.Allmorningasshewaitedforhemedicalreportfromthedoctor,hernervousness_____.

A.hasgrown

B.isgrowing

C.grew

D.hadgrown參考答案：C7.Shetoldme_________anoiseinthehall.A.don’tmake.

B.nottomake.

C.makenotto.

D.tomakenot.參考答案：B8.Allhisfreetimeis_____bycharitywork,buthefeelsitmeaningful.A.putup

B.givenup

C.pickedup

D.takenup參考答案：D9.

_________isknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountrywithapopulationof1.3billion.

A.Which

B.It

C.As

D.That參考答案：C10.He______inthevillageforthreemonths,thenmovedtoanearbycity.A.stayed

B.hasstayed

C.wouldstay

D.wastostay參考答案：A【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：他在村里住了三個(gè)月，然后搬到了附近的一個(gè)城市。根據(jù)thenmovedtoanearbycity可判斷出是發(fā)生在過(guò)去的事情，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故選A。11.Itwasamazingthatthearmy_______itshomelandagainstallenemies.

A.defended

B.defeated

C.preserved

D.prevented參考答案：A略12.—Will$2,000_______thecostofthetrip?

—I’mafraidnot.PerhapsIneedanother$500.

A.pay

B.charge

C.cover

D.afford參考答案：C13.It’snot

goodideatodriveforfourhourswithout

break.

A.a;a

B.the;a

C.the;the

D.a;the參考答案：A略14.Ihaven’tworkedtherelong,and______.A.neitherhaveyou B.neitheryouhave C.youhaveeither D.noryouhave參考答案：A15.----Whatdoyouthinkofworkinginthebigcompany?

-----Ifind____funandchallengingtoworkhere.A.it

B.that

C.one

D.this參考答案：A16.Theaveragepriceofcommercialhousesinourcityhasreducedby_____30percent,sowecanbuyoneat_____lowprice.A.the;the

B.

the;/

C.

/;a

D.

/;the參考答案：C二、完型填空17.“NatureandNurture”（遺傳還是環(huán)境）Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesandbehaviorareformed.However,itisnoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentandanotherisnot,orwhyoneiscooperativeandanother_____41_____.Socialscientistsareofcourse_____42_____interestedinthesetypesofquestions.Theywanttoexplainwhywepossesscertain_____43_____andexhibitcertainbehavior.Therearenoclearanswersyet,buttwo_____44_____schoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped._____45_____onemightexpect,thetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromeachother,andthereisagreatdealofdebatebetween_____46_____ofeachtheory.Thecontroversy(爭(zhēng)論)isoftenreferredtoas“natureandnurture”.Thosewho_____47_____the“nature”sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviorpatternsare_____48_____determinedbybiologicalfactors.Thatourenvironmenthaslittle,ifanything,todowithourabilities,characteristicsandbehavioris_____49_____tothistheory.Takentoanextreme,thistheorystatesthatourbehaviorispredeterminedtosuchagreatdegreethatwearealmostcompletelygovernedbyour______50______.Supportersofthe“nurture”theory,or,astheyareoftencalled,______51______,claimthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghowwewillact.Abehaviorist,B.F.Skinner,seeshumansasbeingswhosebehaviorisalmostcompletely______52______bytheirsurroundings.Thebehaviorists’viewofthehumanbeingisquitemechanistic(機(jī)械論的).Theystatethat,likemachines,humansrespondto______53______stimuli(刺激)asthebasisoftheirbehavior.Sociallyandpolitically,theresultsofthesetwotheoriesare______54______.IntheUS,forexample,blacksoftenscorebelowwhitesonintelligencetests.Thisleadssome“nature”supporterstoconcludethatblacksaregenetically______55______instatusthanwhitesare.Behaviorists,______56______,saythatthedifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftenrobbedofmanyoftheeducationalandotherenvironmental______57______thatwhitesenjoy,andthat,asaresult,theydonotdevelopthesame______58______thatwhitesdo.Neitherofthesetheoriescanyetfullyexplainhumanbehavior.Asamatteroffact,itisquite______59______thatthekeytoourbehaviorliessomewherebetweenthesetwoextremesandthatthedebatewill______60______foralongtimeiscertain.41.A.sensitive B.productive C.competitive D.impressive42.A.frequently B.extremely C.generally D.occasionally43.A.approaches B.possessions C.characteristics D.friends44.A.different B.reliable C.excellent D.equal45.A.What B.As C.Which D.That46.A.objectors B.operators C.opponents D.supporters47.A.claim B.support C.resolve D.object48.A.completely B.largely C.thoroughly D.merely49.A.sensitive B.open C.central D.subject50.A.abilities B.teachers C.personalities D.instincts51.A.experts B.behaviorists C.environmentalists D.scientists52.A.shaped B.discussed C.constructed D.learned53.A.environmental B.biological C.psychological D.physical54.A.temporary B.slight C.fatal D.far-reaching55.A.lower B.higher C.stronger D.smarter56.A.onthecontrary B.asawhole C.afterall D.forinstance57.A.protections B.pollutions C.technologies D.advantages58.A.conclusions B.abilities C.responses D.opportunities59.A.necessary B.impossible C.unreasonable D.likely60.A.arise B.disappear C.continue D.respond參考答案：41.C

42.B

43.C

44.A

45.B

46.D

47.B

48.B

49.C

50.D

51.B

52.A

53.A

54.D

55.A

56.A

57.D

58.C

59.D

60.C本文是一篇議論文。主要討論了關(guān)于人的個(gè)性和智力的形成的兩個(gè)針?shù)h相對(duì)的理論：遺傳論和環(huán)境論?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。句意：很難解釋為什么有些人聰明，而有些人不聰明，為什么有的人充滿合作精神，而有些人卻老是想著競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。A.sensitive敏感的；B.productive多產(chǎn)的；C.competitive競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的；D.impressive印象深刻的。故選C。【42題詳解】考查副詞辨析。句意：當(dāng)然，社會(huì)學(xué)科學(xué)家對(duì)這些問(wèn)題及其感興趣。A.frequently頻繁地；B.extremely及其，非常；C.generally一般地；D.occasionally偶爾。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查名詞辨析。句意：他們想解釋為什么人們表現(xiàn)出某些特點(diǎn)，做出某些行為。A.approaches方法，手段；B.possessions財(cái)產(chǎn)；C.characteristics特點(diǎn)，特征；D.friends朋友。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。句意：但是就這個(gè)問(wèn)題演變出兩種不同的學(xué)派。A.different不同的；B.reliable可靠的；C.excellent杰出的；D.equal平等的。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查名詞辨析。句意：正如有的人期望的那樣，這兩種學(xué)派彼此是不同的。此處為as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，意為“正如，就像”。故選B?！?6題詳解】考查名詞辨析。句意：兩個(gè)理論彼此的支持者之間存在很多爭(zhēng)議。A.objectors反對(duì)者；B.operators操作人員；C.opponents對(duì)手；D.supporters支持者。故選D。【47題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：那些支持爭(zhēng)論中“遺傳”一方的人認(rèn)為我們的性格和形式模式主要由生物因素決定。A.claim宣稱(chēng)，聲稱(chēng)；B.support支持；C.resolve解決；D.object反對(duì)。故選B?！?8題詳解】考查副詞辨析。句意參考上題。A.completely完全地；B.largely主要地，大部分地；C.thoroughly徹底地；D.merely僅僅。故選B。【49題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。句意：性格和行為是這一理論核心。A.sensitive敏感的；B.open開(kāi)放的；C.central中心的，核心的；D.subject主題，話題。故選C。【50題詳解】考查名詞辨析。句意：我們基本上完全由我們的直覺(jué)支配。A.abilities能力；B.teachers教師；C.personalities性格；D.instincts直覺(jué)。故選D?！?1題詳解】考查名詞辨析。句意：“環(huán)境論”的支持者，或者被稱(chēng)為“行為主義者”認(rèn)為環(huán)境更為重要。A.experts專(zhuān)家；B.behaviorists行為主義者；C.environmentalists環(huán)保主義者；D.scientists科學(xué)家。后句Abehaviorist,B.F.Skinner….有提示。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：人類(lèi)的行為幾乎完全由環(huán)境所塑造。A.shaped塑造；B.discussed討論；C.constructed建造；D.learned學(xué)習(xí)。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。句意：他們認(rèn)為人類(lèi)，和機(jī)器一樣，對(duì)環(huán)境的刺激做出反應(yīng)，這是他們行為的基礎(chǔ)。A.environmental環(huán)境的；B.biological生物的；C.psychological心理的；D.physical物理的，身體的。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。句意：無(wú)論是社會(huì)還是政治，這兩個(gè)理論的結(jié)果的影響都是深遠(yuǎn)的。A.temporary臨時(shí)的；B.slight輕微的；C.fatal致命的；D.far-reaching深遠(yuǎn)的。故選D?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。句意：這導(dǎo)致自然論者得出結(jié)論：黑人從基因上就低于白色人種。A.lower較低的；B.higher較高的；C.stronger更強(qiáng)壯的；D.smarter更聰明的。故選A?！?6題詳解】考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：恰恰相反，環(huán)境論者認(rèn)為這種差距是由于黑人被剝奪了教育和其他環(huán)境的優(yōu)勢(shì)。A.onthecontrary恰恰相反；B.asawhole作為整體；C.afterall畢竟；D.forinstance例如。故選A。【57題詳解】考查名詞辨析。句意參考上題。A.protections保護(hù)；B.pollutions污染；C.technologies技術(shù)；D.advantages優(yōu)勢(shì)。故選D。【58題詳解】考查名詞辨析。句意：結(jié)果，他們無(wú)法做出和白人一樣的反應(yīng)。此處應(yīng)該是指在前文提到的intelligencetests（智力測(cè)試）中和人做出的反應(yīng)。A.conclusions結(jié)論；B.abilities能力；C.responses反應(yīng)；D.opportunities機(jī)會(huì)。故選C?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。句意：事實(shí)上，極有可能的是我們行為的關(guān)鍵存在于這兩種極端理論的中間的某個(gè)地方。A.necessary必要的；B.impossible不可能的；C.unreasonable不合理的；D.likely可能的。故選D?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：這一爭(zhēng)論將繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去，這是肯定的。A.arise出現(xiàn)；B.disappear消失；C.continue繼續(xù)；D.respond反應(yīng)。故選C。三、閱讀理解18.Lastnight'smeteor(流星)showerleftmanypeopleinEmeraldValleydissatisfied.Theygatheredinthesuburbsofthecitywithheavytelescopes，expectingtowatchthebrightlyburningmeteorspassingthroughthesky.However,whattheyfoundwasaskysobrightenedbythecity'slightsthatitdarkenedthelightofthemeteorspassingoverhead.“Myfamilywassofrustrated，”admittedtownresidentDuaneCosby,“Wewantedtomakethisanunforgettablefamilyouting，butitturnedouttobeahugedisappointment.”Astronomers—scientistswhostudystarsandplanets—havebeencomplainingaboutthisproblemformanyyears.Theysaythatlightpollutionpreventsthemfromseeingobjectsintheskythattheycouldseequiteeasilyinthepast.Theycallonpeopleandthegovernmenttotakemeasurestofightagainstit.Besidesprofessionalandamateur(業(yè)余的)starobservers,thereisyetapopulationthatsuffersevenmorefromlightpollution.Thispopulationconsistsofbirds，bats,frogs,andsnakesetc.Forexample,outdoorlightingseverelyaffectsmigrating(遷徙的)birds.AccordingtotheInternationalDark-SkyAssociation,“100millionbirdsayearthroughoutNorthAmericadieincrasheswithlightedbuildingsandtowers.”Countlessanimalsinjuriesanddeathsresultfromtheuseofartificiallighting.Clearly,peopleenjoythebenefitsoflightingtheirevenings,butsomescientiststhinkitcanbeharmfultohumans,too.Theyworrythatexposuretolightwhilesleepingcanincreasepeople'schancesofgettingcancer.EmeraldValleyisonlyonecommunitythatisbecomingawareofthenegativeeffectsoflightpollution.Foryears,Flagstaff,Arizonahasenforcedlightingrulesinitscityinordertohelpastronomerswiththeirobservations.Similareffortshavebeenmadeworldwide,andamovementisunderwaytoremindustoturnofflightswhenwearenotusingthem,sothatothercreaturescansharethenight.24.Ithappenedlastnightthat________．A.thecity'slightsaffectedthemeteorwatchingB.themeteorsflewpastbeforebeingnoticedC.thecity’slightsshowattractedmanypeopleD.themeteorwatchingendedinasocialouting25.AccordingtoParagraph4,weknowthat________．A.birdsmaytakeothermigrationpathsB.animals'livinghabitsmaychangesuddenlyC.varietiesofanimalswillbecomesharplyreducedD.animals'survivalisthreatenedbyoutdoorlighting26.LightingrulesinFlagstaff,Arizonaareputintoeffectto________．A.reducethechanceofgettingcancerB.createanidealobservationconditionC.ensurepeopleagoodsleepatnightD.enableallcreaturestoliveinharmony27.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.Savingwildlifeissavingourselves.B.Greateffortsshouldbemadetosaveenergy.C.Humanactivitiesshouldbeenvironmentallyfriendly.D.Newequipmentshouldbeintroducedforspacestudy.參考答案：ADBC19.TherearehundredsofnationalparksandwildlifeareasinAfricathatyoucantravelto.HerearethetopfourtraveldestinationsinAfrica:Tanzania----SerengetiNationalParkDuringtheannualmigration,whenthewildebeests(羚羊)andzebraspackupandleavetheirlivingareastofindfresherones,theSerengetiisanastonishingplacetobe.It’saverygoodtravelspotinAfricaatothertimesoftheyeartoo,butthemigrationhasbeenrankedbymanyasoneofthewondersofthenaturalworld.Kenya----MasaiMaraNationalParkIfyouwanttoseethebigcats,thiswildlifeparkisthebestofthebest.Lion,leopardandcheetahabound(豐富)andtheyarelyeasytospotbecauseofthegrasslandvegetationwhichmeansyougetgoodviewsformilesaround.SouthAfrica----KrugerNationalParkForthe