1995-2017全國英語專業(yè)八級改錯真題及答案10

2016年改耕其期AUsocialLEiitsclevelopaculture,E^xnintVLro-pei-sontuI說ionsliips.acnltinedevelopsiutime.Infriendshipandromanticlehtiouships.1.forexample,partnersdeveloptheii'ownhistory,sharedexperiences.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zlaiiEtuagepaHems.habits,tuidcuitomsgixTtiiEitrelationsliipaspecial2.chai'acter-acliaiacterthatdiffeisitinvanouswaysfrom 3.etherlela'iDiisjlupg.Examplesmigin出eludespecialdates,places.songs,orwen居ikalcometohaveauniqueandimportants^nbolicmeanmgfortheWqitidividiiak.Hhus：any 4.socialuiiil-whetherarelationship,group,orgaiiizatioti.orsociety7-(fevclopsaculnirewiththspa笳口且才口ftimaWhiletheiMniiigch日Tdduristic帛efeach儂師第arempque,allcultme^s-haiecenainsamefinictiotis.Ttierelational]ipbetween?.eoinnnimcatioiiandcultureisaverycompiexintimate口ne_ 6.匚ulnvesat'e0摩redtlu'ongjicoiitiiuiiiicatioii:thatis.canininHcsitioii上tliemeansofhimi泣口itKeiTtctioQ.tlnou￥hitculturalcharacleiistics 7.arecreatednndshared.Itisnot3-0muchthatiiidixridiiaLssetouttocreaTeaculturewhenttieyhiteracrillrelationstiipSi.group&.organizations,oisocieries.butrathertlian.thatculnn^sarc日口日hiralby-productofaotialimcraction.S,Inaseiiie.citltiii'esarethe力與sidhu"of.50<ialcomniiiuicaTion.Withoutcqinninpic碘挺andcumiDimicationii]edia.itwouldIjeinipossibletohaveaiiclpaqgalongculturalcharacteristicsfromoneplaceand<imeto9.another.On&caii喜畤：ftuihennot'e.th"cutnn'eiscreated,shaped.10.niai]>Litiitecl.andlearnedHuouglicoimiinLiicatioii.Allsocialunitsdevelopaculture.Evenintwo-personrelationships,aculturedevelopsovertime.Infriendshipandromanticrelationships,forexample,partnersdeveloptheirownhistory,sharedexperiences,languagepatterns,rituals,habits,andcustomsthatgivethatrelationshipaspecialcharacter—acharacterthatdifferentiatesitinvariouswaysfromotherrelationships.Examplesmightincludespecialdates,places,songs,oreventsthatcometohaveauniqueandimportantsymbolicmeaningfortwoindividuals.Thus,anysocialunit—whetherarelationship,group,organization,orsociety—developsacultureovertime.Whilethedefiningcharacteristics—orcombinationofcharacteristics—ofeachcultureareunique,allculturessharecertaincommonfunctions.Therelationshipbetweencommunicationandcultureisaverycomplexandintimateone.Culturesarecreatedthroughcommunication;thatis,communicationisthemeansofhumaninteractionthroughwhichculturalcharacteristicsarecreatedandshared.Itisnotsomuchthatindividualssetouttocreateaculturewhentheyinteractinrelationships,groups,organizations,orsocieties,butratherthatculturesareanaturalby-productofsocialinteraction.Inasense,culturesarethe“residue”ofsocialcommunication.Withoutcommunicationandcommunicationmedia,itwouldbeimpossibletopreserveandpassalongculturalcharacteristicsfromoneplaceandtimetoanother.Onecansay,therefore,thatcultureiscreated,shaped,transmitted,andlearnedthroughcommunication.Theabilitytocomiiiunicnteistheprimaryfactorthatdistinguisheshumaiibeingsfiomarrivals.Anditistheabilitytocoiumiuiicatewellwhich1.distiiiguishesoneiiidividualfromanother.Thefactisthatapartfromthebasicnecessities,oneneedstobeequippedwithhabitsforgoodcommunicationskills,thusthisis2.whatwillmakeoneahappyandsuccessfulsocialbeing.Inordertodevelopthesehabits,oneneedstofirstacknowledgethefactthattheyiieedtoiiiiprovecommiuiicationskillsfromtimetotime.Theyneedtotakestockofthewayhowtheyinteractaridthedirection3.inwhichtheirworkandpersonalrelationsaregoing.Theonlyconstantinlifeischange,themorevieacceptsone'sstrengthsandworks 4.towardsdealingwiththeirshortcomings,speciallyinthearenof 5.comiiiunicntionskilthebetterwillbetheirinteracionsandthemoretheirsocialpopularity.Thedominatedquestionthatcomeshereis:Howtoimproved.communicationskills?Thennswerissimple.Onecmfindplentyoflitmatureonthis.Therearealsoexperts,whoconductworkshopsandseminar’sbasedoncommunicationskillsofmenandwommi.Infact,alargenumberofcompaniesarebriiqqngintrainerstoregularlymakesessionsoiithesubject,inorderto 7.helptheirworkforceiiiaintainbetterinterpersonalworkrelations.Todayeffectivecommunicatiskillshavebecoiiiapredominantfactorevenwhilerecruitingemployees.Whileiiiterviewingcandidates,mostinterviewersjudgethemonthebasisoftheskillstheycommiuiicatewith.Theybelievethatsomeskillscanbeimprovisedonthejob;butabilityto8.comiiiunicntewelisimportant,aseveryemployeebecomesthempresentingfaceofthecompany.Thenaretrainers,whospecializedindeliveringcustom-made9.programsonthesiibject.Throughthesessionstheynotonlyfacilitatebettercommunicationskillsintheworkplace,butalsolookintotheproblemsinthemarinerofbeingabletoconveymessageseffectively.10.2017年改錯Key:.把which改為that,這懼是強調句型.把thus改為as或because,后一句是原閃而不是結果.去掉way后面的how.theway后而可以直接用狀語從句,how已經TTthewayof”的語法意義，也可以把how改為that.在themore前面加上and,兩個小句之間缺少承接關系連詞.把specially改為especially.把cloniiiiinated改為dominating.把make改為conduct,have或若deliver,指上課、開會等,搭配合理.把some去掉，或者ability前面加the.把specialized改為specialize.把manner改成wayTheabilitytocommunicateistheprimaryfactorthatdistinguisheshumanbeingsfromanimals.Anditistheabilitytocommunicatewellthatdistinguishesoneindividualfromanother.Thefactisthatapartfromthebasicnecessities,oneneedstobeequippedwithhabitsforgoodcommunicationskills,asthisiswhatwillmakethemahappyandsuccessfulsocialbeing.Inordertodevelopthesehabits,oneneedstofirstacknowledgethefactthattheyneedtoimprovecommunicationskillsfromtimetotime.Theyneedtotakestockofthewaytheyinteractandthedirectioninwhichtheirworkandpersonalrelationsaregoing.Theonlyconstantinlifeischange,andthemoreoneacceptsone’sstrengthsandworkstowardsdealingwiththeirshortcomings,especiallyintheareaofcommunicationskills,thebetterwillbetheirinteractionsandthemoretheirsocialpopularity.Thedominatingquestionthatcomeshereis:Howtoimprovecommunicationskills?Well,theanswerissimple.Onecanfindplentyofliteratureonthis.Therearealsoexperts,whoconductworkshopsandseminarsbasedoncommunicationskillsofmenandwomen.Infact,alargenumberofcompaniesarebringingintrainerstoregularlyconductsessionsonthesubject,inordertohelptheirworkforcemaintainbetterinterpersonalworkrelations.Today,effectivecommunicationskillshavebecomeapredominantfactorevenwhilerecruitingemployees.Whileinterviewingcandidates,mostinterviewersjudgethemonthebasisofthewaytheycommunicate.Theybelievethatskillscanbeimprovisedonthejob;butabilitytocommunicatewellisimportant,aseveryemployeebecomestherepresentingfaceofthecompany.Therearetrainers,whospecializeindeliveringcustom-madeprogramsonthesubject.Throughthesessiontheynotonlyfacilitatebetterskillsinthedepartmentofcommunications,butalsolookintotheproblemsthatcomeinthewayofbeingabletoconveymessageseffectively.2015年改儲直胭AVhei]Iwasinmyearlyteens,Iwastakentoaspectacularstiowonicebythemothei'ofaLookedroundatthehixuryofthe1.link,myfiieid'smoflierlemaiketl01)the'^lusIV.setirswehadbeengh^n.Ididnotknowwhatshemeant,audbeingproudofmy 2.yocabulaty1triedtokifeiit?nieaniiicfromtliecontext.'Tlusdi,-中“ascleailyintendedasaccniipliiiieiitaLyapositiveevaluation;that 3.mucliIcouldtellitfi'ointhetoneofvoiceandthecontext.SoI+.stalledtouserheword.Yes,Itepliedtheycertainlyareplushandsoanstheicerinkandtliecosnunesoftheskaters,aren'tthey?Myfriend%motlierwasveiypolitetocollectme.but1couldtelllioniher5.expi'essionthatIhadnotgotthewordquiteright.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zOftenwecanindeedinferfi'ointhecontextwhatavorduon^lilyiii&ans.andtliarisinfacrthewaywhichwelieuallyacquireboth &newwordsandliuwmeaningsforfauiiliar*。rds.speciallyino;u 7.ownfii'stlanguage.ButsometimesweneedtoaskasIsho;ildhaveaskedWph士疝311d由依歸paiticnlarlyrmeinthe 8.aspectofaforeisulanguage.Ifyouarccontmually與iiiToimdudby9speakii'softhelangiiaceyouareleaiiiing.youcatiaskthemdirectly;butoftenHiisopponniiitydoesnotexistforthe任同n巳rofFuglisl].Sodictionaiies]iavebeendevelopedtomendthegap. 10.2015年K巳y：1,把Looked改為Looking.把and改為but.把complimentary改為compliment.把it刪掉.把veiy改為to。.which前面加i口或者刪掉which岐者把which改為由融7.specially改為especially8.for改為超bout9,把aspect改為case10.刪掉beenWhenIwasinmyearlyteens,Iwastakentoaspectacularshowonicebythemotherofafriend.Lookingaroundattheluxuryoftherink,myfriend’smotherremarkedonthe‘plush’seatswehadbeengiven.Ididnotknowwhatshemeant,butbeingproudofmyvocabularyandnotwantingtolosefacebyadmittingignorance,Itriedtoinferitsmeaningfromthecontext.‘Plush’wasclearlyintendedasacompliment,apositiveevaluation;thatmuchIcouldtellfromthetoneofvoiceandthecontext.SoIstartedtousetheword.Yes,Ireplied,theycertainlyareplush,andsoaretheicerinkandthecostumesoftheskaters,aren’tthey?Myfriend’smotherwastoopolitetocorrectme,butIcouldtellfromherexpressionthatIhadnotgotthewordquiteright.Oftenwecanindeedinferfromthecontextwhatawordroughlymeans,andthatisinfactthewayinwhichweusuallyacquirebothnewwordsandnewmeaningsforfamiliarwords,particularlyinourownfirstlanguage.Butsometimesweneedtoask,asIshouldhaveaskedaboutplush,andthisisparticularlytrueinthecaseofasecondorforeignlanguage.Ifyouarecontinuallysurroundedbyspeakersofthelanguageyouarelearning,youcanofcourseaskthemdirectly,butoftenthisopportunitydoesnotexistforthelearnerofEnglish.Sodictionaries,suchastheoneinyourhands,havedevelopedtofillthegap.2014年改鋁其題Themiswidespreadconsensusamongscholarsthatsecondlanguageacquisition(SLA)emergedasadistmctfieldofresearchfi'omthelate1950stoearly1960s.Hiereisahighlevelofagreementthatdiefollowingquestions1.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zhavepossessedtliemostattentionofreseai,chei'sinthisarea: 2.Isiipossibletoacquireanadditionallanguageinthesamesenseoneacquiresafustlanguage? 3.Whatistlieexplanationforthefactadultshave 4.moredifficultyinacquiringadditionallanguagesthancliikkenhave?Whatmotivatespeopletoacquireadditionallangitages?Whatistheroleofthelanguageteachinginthe ，acquisitionofanadditiaiKillanguage?Whatsocio-ckiltiiralfactors,ifany.arerelevantinstudyingtlieleaniiiigofadditionallanguages?Fromacheckoftheliteratiueofthefielditisclearthatall6.theapproachesadoptedtostudythephenomenaofSLAsofarhaveonethinghicoimnon:Theperspectiveadoptedtoviewtheacquiringofanadditionallanguageisthatofanindividualattemptstodo7.so.Wlietlieronelabelsit”拒arningxor^acquinng',anadditioiiailanguage,itisanindividualaccomplisluneutorwhatismider8.focusisthecognitive,psychological,andmstitiitionalstateofanindividual.Thatis.thespotliglitisonwharmentalcapabilitiesareinvolving,wliatpsychologicalfactorsplayaroleintheleaniiiig9.oracqviisition.and^lietherthetai'getlanguageisleanitilltheclassroomoracquiredthroughsocialtouchwithnativespeakers,10.is添加alsopossessed改為attracted詞匯搭配attractone’sattentionthesamesense后添加asone固定搭配(介詞)：thesameasthefact后添加thatadults從句：同位語從句，關系代詞that不可省略thelanguage去掉the,此處泛指不特指，非特指check改為review詞匯：縱覽，回顧，綜述attempts改為attempting介詞后+名詞/動名詞短語or改為and連詞：順應關系involving改為involved非謂語動詞：被動關系，用過去分詞10.touch改為interaction詞匯interaction指交流，互動;touch觸碰，指身體接觸Psycho-linguisticsisthenamegiventothestudyofthepsycholopicalprocessesinvolvedinlanguage.Psycholingiiisticsstudyiuiderstanding,productionandreiiiemberinglanguage,andhenceareconcerned 1.withlistening,reading,speaking.writing,andinemoryforlanguage.Onereasouwhywetakethelamiageforgrantedisthatitusually2.happenssoeffortlessly,andmostoftime,soaccuiately. 3.Indeed.whmiyoulistentosomeonetospeaking,orlookingatthispage,4.younormallycannothelpbutundeistandit.Itisonlyinexceptionalciiciunstanceswemiglitbecomeawaieof5.theconiplexityinvolved:ifwearesenmhingforawordbutcnnnotremembeiit:ifarelativeorcolleaguehashadastrokewhichhaso.influencedtheirlanpuage;ifweobserveachildacqnirelanguage;7.ifwetiytoleamasecondlanpungeourselvesasanadult:orifwearevisuallyiinpairedorhearing-impniredorifwemeetanyoneelseg.whois.Asweshallsee,alltheseexainplesofwhatmightbecalled“l(fā)anguageinexceptionalcircumstances”revealagreatdealabouttheprocessesevolvedinspeaking,listening,andnrtiaoiging.But9.giventhatlanguageprocesseswereormallysoutomatic,weal10.needtocaoutcarefulexperimenttogetatwhatishappening.2013年Key:.production改為producing.把由咱詛踐前所的由e刪掉,{￡time前而加the.把looking改為加ok5,在we前而加that,4班屈d甘去掉】】ad7,把their改為his.把anyone改為someoneJLevoked改為involved10,把M曰巳改為are 口Psycholinguisticsisthenamegiventothestudyofthepsychologicalprocessesinvolvedinlanguage.Psycholinguistsstudyunderstanding,producing,andrememberinglanguage,andhenceareconcernedwithlistening,reading,speaking,writing,andmemoryforlanguage.Onereasonwhywetakelanguageforgrantedisthatitusuallyhappenssoeffortlessly,and,mostofthetime,soaccurately.Indeed,whenyoulistentosomeonespeaking,orlookatthispage,younormallycannothelpbutunderstandit.Itisonlyinexceptionalcircumstancesthatwemightbecomeawareofthecomplexityinvolved:ifwearesearchingforawordbutcannotrememberit;ifarelativeorcolleaguehashadastrokewhichhasaffectedtheirlanguage;ifweobserveachildacquiringlanguage;ifwetrytolearnasecondlanguageourselvesasanadult;orifwearevisuallyimpairedorhearing-impairedorifwemeetsomeoneelsewhois.Asweshallsee,alloftheseexamplesofwhatmightbecalled“l(fā)anguageinexceptionalcircumstances”revealagreatdealabouttheprocessesinvolvedinspeaking,listening,writing,andreading.Butgiventhatlanguageprocessesarenormallysoautomatic,wealsoneedtocarryoutcarefulexperimentstogetatwhatishappeningThecentralproblemoftrmislatinghasalwaysbeenwhetherto g. 9.translateliterallyorfreely.TheargumenthasbemigoingshiceatleastthefirstcenturyB.C.Uptothebeginningofthe19thcentury,manywritersfavoiedceitanikindof“five”translation:thespiriLnottheletter.thesensenottheword:themessagezatherthefomi:thematternotthemanner.Thisistheoftenrevolutionarysloganofwritei=swhowantedthetruthtobereadanduiiderstood.Thenintheturnof19thcentury.whenthestudyofculturalanthropologysuggestedthatthelinguisticbarrierswereinsuperablerindthatthelanguagewasentirelytheproductofculture,theviewtranslationwasimpossiblegainedsomecurrmicy.andwithitthat,ifwasattmnptedatall,itmustbeasliteralaspossible.This g. 9.Theargumentwastheoretical:thepurposeofthetranslation,thenatureofthereadership.thetypeofthetext,wasnotdiscussed.Toooften,writer,tmnslatorandrenderwereimplicitlyidentifiedwitheachother.Now,thecontexthaschanged.andthebasicproblemits.10.2012Key:goingAsince-加入on題解：goon的意思是“繼續(xù)”,符合句子表達的含義“爭論一直在繼續(xù)工certain-改為acertain題解:此處要表達的意思是“很多作家喜歡一種門由M翱＞*》t”笛-一吹中W；女加*計B談lin卜木江品話Ilather改為not,或者rather后面加than題解：根據原句的句子結構，rathei,應改為not。is—@wasin-改為at迪眸：atth已nunof19thuuntury*'十九世兄之河，是固定皤配-刪去laigua器前面的the"Vrsa"-占jL/N+“/-l-卜/上-dr*i*I「匚口1「1..一=-tview/\translation—JJQthat-view10translation !“o\)JhNthat.fJ“fianslationwasimpossible9,culminated/\the—))PAinand一改為but曲解」根根原句昌盛”瓜在昔號專什「.但足基木同順依坎在在兩句話）1、Themainproblemoftranslatinghasalwaysbeenwhethertotranslateliterallyorfreely.TheargumenthasbeengoingonsinceatleastthefirstcenturyB.C.Uptothebeginningofthenineteenthcentury,manywritersfavouredsomekindof"free"translation,namely,thespirit,nottheletter;thesensenotthewords;themessageratherthantheform;thematternotthemanner.Thiswastheoftenrevolutionarysloganofwriterswhowantedthetruthtobereadandunderstood--TyndaleandDoletwereburnedatthestake,Wycliff'sworkswerebanned.Thenattheturnofthenineteenthcentury,whenthestudyofculturalanthropologysuggestedthatthelinguisticbarrierswereinsuperableandthatlanguagewasentirelytheproductofculture,theviewthattranslationwasimpossiblegainedsomecurrency,andwithitthat,ifattemptedatall,itmustbeasliteralaspossible.Thisviewculminatedinthestatementsoftheextreme"literalists"WalterBenjaminandVladimirNabokov.Theargumentwastheoretical:thepurposeofthetranslation,thenatureofthereadership,thetypeoftext,wasnotdiscussed.Toooften,writer,translatorandreaderwereimplicitlyidentifiedwitheachother.Nowthecontexthaschanged,butthebasicproblemremains.如11昨改錯真懣Fromaveryearlyage.petiijapstheageofflvuorsix.IkiiewtliatwhenIgrewIshouldbea^Titer,Betweentlieages1.ofaboutse\rentsenandtwenty-fburItriedgabandontliisidea,butIdidsowiththeconsci&neethatIwasoutragingmy2.truemimeandiliaTsoonorlaierIshouldhaveroseitk(1。辛1】 3.andwritebooks.Iwasthechildofthree,buttherewasagapoffiveyearyoneithei,sick,andIbarelysawnijTfntherbeforeIwaseight.FortillsandotherreasonsIwassoinewliatlonely,andIsoondevelopeddisagreeitiamamierismswhichmademeiiiipopnlartln'otiglioutmyschooldays.Ihadthelonelychild1&habitofmakingupstoriesandholdingconversationswithiiiiagiiiati\'￡peiy>ons.andItiiiiikti-omtlieverystartmyliteralambitionsweremixedupwiththefeelingofbeingisolatedandiiaderralued.IknewthatIhadafacilitywithwoidsaLidapoweroflacinginunpleasantfacts,andIfeltthatthiscreatedasoilofprivateworldwhichIcouldgetmyownbackformyfaihu'eineverydaylife.Tlierefbre.thevohmieofserious一i.e.seriouslyintendedwritiiiswhichIproducedalltlii'oughniycliikllioodandboylioadwouldnotamounttohalfadozenpages.IwrotQmyfirstpoemattheageoffinirorfive,mymothertakingitcIoxmitodictation.Fromaveryearlyage,perhapstheageoffiveorsix,IknewthatwhenIgrewupIshouldbeawriter.Betweentheagesofaboutseventeenandtwenty-fourItriedtoabandonthisidea,butIdidsowiththeconsciousnessthatIwasoutragingmytruenatureandthatsoonerorlaterIshouldhavetosettledownandwritebooks.Iwasthemiddlechildofthree,buttherewasagapoffiveyearsoneitherside,andIbarelysawmyfatherbeforeIwaseight.ForthisandotherreasonsIwassomewhatlonely,andIsoondevelopeddisagreeablemannerismswhichmademeunpopularthroughoutmyschooldays.Ihadthelonelychild’shabitofmakingupstoriesandholdingconversationswithimaginarypersons,andIthinkfromtheverystartmyliteraryambitionsweremixedupwiththefeelingofbeingisolatedandundervalued.IknewthatIhadafacilitywithwordsandapoweroffacingunpleasantfacts,andIfeltthatthiscreatedasortofprivateworldinwhichIcouldgetmyownbackformyfailure.2011年Key:.在glow后加up.考固定短語.改ccKzienee內ccmQoiisne資 考同調區(qū)別.co向erice械作為“良心.道德心"，ccniskxisue鴕翻譯為"意識"3,改soon為sooner,soouei'orlater是固定短in.去掉either前所的the.改dis怨ixing為＜1居怨1"杷able,日強謳teeing乂能作動名詞, 不能作形容同=d^agreeablemann已rm&i】蚱令人討厭口勺二」1■貫.酸imaginaiive為imaginary.號詞沿區(qū)別imagiiiativeiffi\t為"tF想象力的二iinagiiiaiy翻詐為“￡象的T席構的".改住eral為literary.若同義區(qū)劃,literal稠譯為“字面的'litemiy翻釋為押文學方面的”3,去掉恥亡與的如由洸接賓語心是及物動再考動訶的基小用送.在world后加in或者改which為嗝he?若定唐從句.改Thmi'efct€為Howeverj-i畢Nev2rti圮n苦父考的,境：11010年改鉛真題Sofhiaswecantell,allliiunanlangitagesareequallycompieleandpelletasiiisimiientsofcomiiiimication:lliat氐eiylanguageappearstobewellequippedasanyothertosaythethingstheirspeakerswanttosay.Theremayormaynotbeappropriatetotalkaboutprimitivepeoplesoicultures,butlliatisanotherinattei'.Certainly,norallgroupsofpeoplearsequallycompetentinnucleaiphysicsorpsychology01Tliccuni\ariouofrice.TOiereastliisisjioiiliefaultoftheirlanguage.TtieEskimos.itissaid,canspeakaboutsnowwithfinThermorei?recisionandsubtletythanwecanillEiisli5h.butthisisnotbecausetlieEskimolaiignase(oneofthosesometimesmiscalledprimitive')isiidierentlymorepreciseandsubtlethanEnglish.Tliisexampledoe^notcometolightadefectillEnglish,ashowofunexpected1pnniiti^'eiiesa'.ThepositionissimplyandobA-iouslylliattlieEskimosandtlieEngiislilivemsimilarenvkoiiineiits.TheEnglishlanguagewillbejustasrichinlennsfordifferentkindsofsnow,presumablyiftheemiroimientshiwhichEnglisim7a5LiabimallyusedmadesuchdistinctionasiinportaiiT.10Siinilaiiy.w巳liav己noreasontodoubtthattheEskimolanguagecouldbeaepreciseandsubtleonthesubjectofmotorLiiaiiitfactiu'eorciicketifthesetopicsIbnneclthepanoftheEskimosFlife.Forobvianstiistodcalreasons.En缸i&hmeain由心nineteenthcenturycouldnottalkaboutmotorcai^withtheminutedi^criiuiiiationwliicliinpossibletoday:carswerenotapartoftheiiciiltiue.Buttheyhadahostcftermsforliot^e-dramivehicleswhichseiidus.puzzled,to白historicalclictionaiywh已「we10arereadingScottorDi-ckens.Hovmanyafuscoulddistillstiishbetweenachaise,alandau.旨victoria,abrougliam.acoupe,agig.adilkgence.□wliitiky.acalash.曾tilbrny.acarriole,apliatton.andaclareiice?Sofaraswecantell,allhumanlanguagesareequallycompleteandperfectasinstrumentsofcommunication:thatis,everylanguageappearstobeaswellequippedasanyothertosaythethingsitsspeakerswanttosay.Itmayormaynotbeappropriatetotalkaboutprimitivepeoplesorcultures,butthatisanothermatter.Certainly,notallgroupsofpeopleareequallycompetentinnuclearphysicsorpsychologyorthecultivationofriceortheengravingofBenaresbrass.Butthisisnotthefaultoftheirlanguage.TheEskimoscanspeakaboutsnowwithagreatdealmoreprecisionandsubtletythanwecaninEnglish,butthisisnotbecausetheEskimolanguage(oneofthosesometimesmiscalled'primitive')isinherentlymorepreciseandsubtlethanEnglish.ThisexampledoesnotbringtolightadefectinEnglish,ashowofunexpected'primitiveness'.ThepositionissimplyandobviouslythattheEskimosandtheEnglishliveindifferentenvironments.TheEnglishlanguagewouldbejustasrichintermsfordifferentkindsofsnow,presumably,iftheenvironmentsinwhichEnglishwashabituallyusedmadesuchdistinctionimportant.Similarly,wehavenoreasontodoubtthattheEskimolanguagecouldbeaspreciseandsubtleonthesubjectofmotormanufactureorcricketifthesetopicsformedpartoftheEskimos'life.Forobvioushistoricalreasons,Englishmeninthenineteenthcenturycouldnottalkaboutmotorcarswiththeminutediscriminationwhichispossibletoday:carswerenotapartoftheirculture.Buttheyhadahostoftermsforhorse-drawnvehicleswhichsendus,puzzled,toahistoricaldictionarywhenwearereadingScottorDickens.Howmanyofuscoulddistinguishbetweenachaise,alandau,avictoria,abrougham,acoupe,agig,adiligence,awhisky,acalash,atilbury,acarriole,aphaeton,andaclarence?2010年底呼：1.次后力Has:置導…as引導的求較示2、theii改為its:淞代替everylanguage.Uieie改為It;It此處作為形jC主語，真正的主語是后面的不定式Whei-eas改為But：語境需要表示:疆折的連同.wheneas表示對比.ftuther改為innch.fiirther不能修飾比較級come改為bring: (s由Koinetoliglit.bringsrhtoliglitbringtoliglitthedelsctofEnglish=b庇堤thedefectofenglisditolight喝.-j:.英in的缺陷simiE改為different：根據治境應該用由ffermt&will改為would: 虛擬語氣.濾inipoitant去掉居：.thepart去擰the成皆一改the為abe/becoiiie；foiin(a)partof是同定短語2009年改錯真題TheprevioussectionliasshownliowqviicKlyarlipnepassestomoneschoolchildtothensxtandillustratesthefiunherdifference1.beweerischoolloreandHui'seiylore.Iiiinnseryloiuaveiseleamrinearlycliildhood.isnotusuallypassedoilagainwhenthelittlelistener3.liasgrownup,andliascliildienoftheirown.orevengrandcliild工Theperiodbetveenlearninga】nii君曳yrhymeandti'anyniitriiigitmaybesomethinsii'ointweiiiyioseventyyears.WilliiheplaygioiiiKlloi^.4.thei^efoi'e.arhymemaybeexcitecllyparsedonwithintheveryhoui-itis5.leaiut:andii3tliegenei-aLitpassesbetweencliilcheLicfdiesauteage.6.ornearlyso,sjiiceitisimconunonfbrthedifieL'enceinapebetwuunplayniai€stobsukh弋thanfiv^ytars.IEthci^fbre.eiplaygfoi.i3idrhymecanbeshovrntoLiavebeencuirenllyforaiimidredyeai^.oi曰飛口ju%t7.fbrfifty.什followstliati