2023年考研考博考博英語湖北省聯(lián)考考試高頻考點參考題庫含答案

2023年考研考博考博英語湖北省聯(lián)考考試高頻考點參考題庫帶答案（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）答案解析附后第1卷一.綜合題(共20題)1.寫作題Inthispart,youarerequiredtowriteanessayofnolessthan200wordsonInnovationConsciousnessofPh.D.StudentsinChina.Theessayshouldbebasedontheoutlinebelow:1.1.Importanceofinnovationconsciousnessinresearchwork;2.CurrentsituationofinnovationconsciousnessofPh.D.studentsinChina;3.MeasurestoenhanceinnovationconsciousnessofPh.D.studentsinChina.2.單選題Althoughhedidnotstatehisopinion,the（

）wasthathedoubtedmywords.問題1選項A.interruptionB.implicationC.impositionD.interaction3.單選題Thismicroscope（

）by1,000timesthesampleontheslides.問題1選項A.probedB.abidedC.magnifiedD.specified4.單選題This（

）wasconductedtofindouthowmanypeoplepreferTVseriestofilms.問題1選項A.examinationB.inspectionC.analysisD.survey5.單選題Hisdifficultyinexpressinghimselfclearlywillbea（

）tohisplanstobecomealawyer.問題1選項A.hesitationB.hingeC.highlightD.handicap6.單選題TheuniquenessoftheJapanesecharacteristheresultoftwoseeminglycontradictoryforces:thestrengthoftraditionsandtheselectivereceptivitytoforeignachievementsandinventions.Asearlyas1860stherewerecountermovementtothetraditionalorientation.OneofthefamousspokesmenofJapan’s“Enlightenment”claimed“theConfuciancivilizationoftheEastseemstometolacktwothingspossessedbyWesterncivilization:scienceinthematerialsphereandasenseofindependenceinthespiritualsphere.”AnotherbreakofrelativeliberalismfollowedWorldWarI,whenthedemocraticidealismofPresidentWoodrowWilsonhadanimportantimpactonJapaneseintellectualsandespeciallystudents;butmoreimportantwastheLeninistideologyofthe1917BolshevikRevolution.Again,intheearly1930s,nationalismandmilitarismbecamedominant.FollowingtheendofWorldWarII,substantialchangeswereundertakeninJapantoliberatetheindividualfromauthoritarianrestrains.Thenewdemocraticvaluesystemwasacceptedbymanyteachers,students,intellectuals,andoldliberals,butitwasnotimmediatelyembracedbythesocietyasawhole.Japanesetraditionsweredominatedbygroupvalues,andnotionsofpersonalfreedomandindividualrightswereunfamiliar.Today,democraticprocessesareclearlyevidentinthewidespreadparticipationoftheJapanesepeopleinsocialandpoliticallife.Schooltextbooksemphasizeequalityoverhierarchyandrationalismovertradition;butinpracticethesevaluesareoftenmisinterpretedanddistorted,particularlybytheyouthwhotranslatetheindividualisticandhumanisticgoalsofdemocracyintoegoisticandmaterialisticones.MostJapanesepeoplehaveconsciouslyrejectedConfucianism,butleftoversoftheoldorderremain.Animportantfeatureofrelationshipsinmanyinstitutions,includingpoliticalpartiesanduniversitiesis,theoyabun-kobunorparent-childrelation.Thecorrespondingloyaltyoftheindividualtohispatronreinforceshisallegiancetothegrouptowhichtheybothbelong.Awillingnesstocooperatewithothermembersofthegroupandtosupportwithoutqualificationtheinterestsofthegroupinallitsexternalrelationsisstillawidelyrespectedvirtue.Theoyabun-kobuncreatesladdersofmobilitywhichanindividualcanascend,risingasfarasabilitiespermit,solongashemaintainssuccessfulpersonaltieswithasuperiorintheverticalchannel,thelatterrequirementusuallytakingprecedenceoveraneedforexceptionalcompetence.Asaconsequence,thereislittlehorizontalrelationshipbetweenpeoplewiththesameprofession.1.ThespokesmanofJapan’s“Enlightenment”thoughtthat（

）.2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutJapan’scultureistrue?3.Therelationshipofoyabun-kobuncanbeonebetween（

）.4.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorimpliesthat（

）.問題1選項A.thetraditionalcultureshouldbereplacedbywesternmodernizationB.JapaneseoughttoforsaketheConfuciancivilizationoftheEastC.theConfuciancivilizationinJapanshouldbedominantD.Japanshouldintroducewesterncivilization問題2選項A.SubstantialchangesindemocraticprocesshavetakenplaceduringWorldWarHB.NowadaysthetraditionalConfucianismisanecessarypartofthesocietyinJapan.C.TodaytheConfucianismoutweighsthedemocraticvaluesysteminuniversitiesofJapan.D.ThedemocraticideawasnotacceptedbythesocietyafterWorldWarII.問題3選項A.ashopownerandacustomerB.aCEOandanemployeeC.apoliticianandanopponentD.ajudgeandalawyer問題4選項A.respectforauthorityplaysamoreimportantroleinpromotionB.westernvalueshaveoverwhelmedtraditionalJapaneseattitudesC.colleaguesaremorecloselyrelatedtoeachotherthanbeforeD.mostJapaneseworkersaremembersofasingleparty7.單選題Jackisgood,kind,hard-workingandintelligent.（

）,Ican’tspeaktoohighlyofhim.問題1選項A.AsaresultB.BythewayC.InawordD.Onthecontrary8.單選題Theshopmanagersaidthatheintendedto（

）thelessefficientmembersofhisstaff.問題1選項A.resignB.dismissC.employD.appoint9.單選題Governmentisaninstitutionresultingfromman’sgroupwayoflifewhichmaintainsasetofsocialcontrolsinordertopreventchaos.Inasmall,homogeneous,simplesociety,thesesocialcontrolscanbeimposedandenforcedbythefamilyorclan.Butinalarge,heterogeneouscomplexsociety,theinstitutionofgovernmenttakesoverthisfunction.Forpurposesofanalysis,socialcontrolmaybedividedintomoralcontrolandpoliticalcontrol.Moralcontrolderivesfromtheinternalizedbeliefsandvaluesofasocietyandregulations,eachindividual’sbehaviorwithouttheuseofoutsideenforcement.Politicalcontroldoesinvolveenforcementfromtheoutsidesincetheindividualisnotalwayscertainthattheruleheisfollowingisjustandright.Hefollowsittoconform,toavoidpunishment,ortoreceivesocialrewards.Politicalcontrolisanoutgrowthofmoralcontrol,anditseffectivenessdependsonthewillingnessofthemembersofsocietytoacceptthegovernment’sauthorityasjustandright.Agovernmentthatisforcedtocoerceorthreatenmostofitsmembersintoacceptingpoliticalcontrolnotbackedwithmoralcontrolwillnotsurvivelong.Inaddition,awidediscrepancybetweenmoralandpoliticalcontrolwillresultinaconditionofgenerallawlessness.SuchaconditionhasoccurredintheUnitedStatesonseveraloccasionsandisnowevidentamongsomegroupsofsocietyaccordingto“TheRootsofLawlessness”byhistorianHenrySteeleCommander.Government,amajorsocialinstitution,maybeviewedasasetofproceduresbywhichasocietyrealizesagoodportionofitsgoals.Governmentisfurtheruniqueasaninstitutionbecauseitservestoreinforcethefunctionofotherinstitutions.Thus,individualsviolatingtherulesandregulationoftheeconomic,educational,orfamilyinstitutionsmustultimatelyfacethepunitivepowerofgovernment.1.Aconditioncharacterizedbytheabsenceofsocialorganizationandsocialcontrol,andbythebeliefthatpoliticalauthorityisunnecessaryis（）.2.Theinternalizedformofsocialcontrolis（）.3.Legitimatepowerrightfullyexercisediscalled（）.4.WhichstatementisNOTcorrect?問題1選項A.moralcontrolB.politicalpowerC.anarchyD.authority問題2選項A.commitmentB.powerC.authorityD.government問題3選項A.authorityB.charismaC.legitimacyD.morality問題4選項A.Politicalcontrolmustoccasionallybecontrolledbyanoutsideforce.B.Politicalcontrolcanexistwithoutmoralcontrolinasociety.C.Politicalcontrolreinforcemoralcontrol.D.Politicalcontrolemanatesfromwithin.10.單選題InFebruaryof2005,PhilBelfiorewasteachinghisseventh-gradestudentshowtowriteapoemintentionallycopyingthestyleoftheRobertfrost’s“StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEvening”.Helikedthesamplethathehadwrittenforthem,soherecordeditonhishomeansweringmachine:“WhosephonethisisIthinkyouknow/Icannotansweritnowthough/Sostateyourname,beveryclear/I’llcallyoubackwhenIgethome.’’.Thatactwouldleadtooneofthemostunusualfriendshipsofhislife.WhenPhilandhisfamilyreturnedtoMarylandfromEastervacation,helistenedtohisvoicemessages.Onegentlemancallerapologizedfordialingthewrongnumber.Butheaddedhe’dheartilyenjoyedthepoem.Phillaughedandthoughtnothingmoreofit,untilthephonerangafewdayslater.“Irecognizedthevoiceimmediately,”recallsPhil,now57.“Hesaidthathewassorrytobotherme,buthewascallingtohearthepoemagain.”Thetwomentalked.JohnThompson,aveterannow73,livedinCheyenneWyoming.Itturnedoutthathisbrother,David’sphonenumberwasdifferentfromPhil’sbyonedigit,thusthewrongnumber.“Beforehangingup,Itoldhimtocallbackanytimewhethertohearmoreofthepoemorjusttotalk”recallsPhil.Thatwas11yearsago.They’vespokenonthephoneafewtimesamontheversince.Johninitiatesmostcalls,butPhilwillringifawhilehaspassed.“Weseemtoalwaysconnectwhenthere’sbeenabigsportsevent.”Philsays.Themendiscussfootballandfamily.JohnwilltalkexcitedlyabouthispastlifeorupdatePhilonfolkshehasbeenintouchwith.“Slowlyovertheyearsourconversationshavegrownmuchmorepersonal,”saysPhil.“WetalkprimarilyaboutJohn’shealth,andlovelife.Alsoourrelatives,hobbies,andwhateverelsecomesup.Sometimeswejusttalkforaminutetoseehowtheotherisdoing.”“Likeoldfriends?”Iaskeagerly.I’mtryingtounderstandfromPhilwhatdrawsthesementoeachother.’’Weareoldfriends.’’,Philsays.Noneedtooverthinkit.John,whoover11yearshassharedalittleofhimselfatatime,haswovenhimselfintothefabricofPhil’slife.IcallJohnandfindhimanengagingstorytellerwithanexceptionalmemory.HetellsmestoriesofhischildhoodvisitingCapitolHill.Intheyearssince,JohnandPhilhaveplannedtomeettwice,butcircumstancesconspiredagainstthem.Neithermindsthislatest“haven’t”.Theyhaven’tgonetoagametogether,hadacupofcoffeetogether,orsatontheotherssofa.Theirfriendshipisbasedonthesimpleactofpickingupthephone.It’sassimple,andasextraordinary,asthat.1.WhocomposedtheverseonthePhil’shomeansweringmachine?2.ThereasonwhyJohnfirstcalledPhilwasthathewantedto_______.3.Whatdidthetwomentalkaboutmostduringtheirtalks?4.WhatdoweknowaboutJohnandPhil?問題1選項A.PhilBelfioreB.JohnThompsonC.RobertfrostD.DavidThompson問題2選項A.learntowritepoemsB.gotoPhil’sbirthdaylunchC.connecthisbrotherD.discussRobertfrostwithhim問題3選項A.StoriesandholidayromanceB.TravelandexoticplacesC.PoemsandliteratureD.Sportsandfamily問題4選項A.Theywerebestfriendswhohadnotyetmetinperson.B.Theywerebothpoetswhohadpassionforversecomposition.C.Theyweregoodstorytellerswhohadextraordinarymemories.D.Theywerebothveteranswholikedchattingonphoneforhours.11.單選題Afriendshipmaybe（

）,casual,situationalordeepandlasting.問題1選項A.identicalB.originalC.superficialD.critical12.單選題Nexttimeyoustopforgasataself-servepump,sayhellototherobotinfrontofyou.ItslifestorycantellyoualotabouttheroboteconomyroaringtowarduslikeanEF5tornadoontheprairie.Thefirstcrudeversionofanautomatedgas-deliveringrobotappearedin1964atastationinWestminster,Colorado.ShortStopconveniencestoreownerJohnRoscoeboughtanelectricboxthatletaclerkinsideactivateanyofthepumpsoutside.Self-servepumpsdidn’tcatchonuntilthe1970s,whenpump-makersaddedautomationthatletcustomerspayatthepump,andoverthenext30years,stationsacrossthenationinstalledthesetask-specificrobotsandfiredattendants.Ashashappenedthroughoutthehistoryofautomation,somejobsgotdestroyedbyautomatedgaspumps,butnewandoftenbetterjobswerecreated.Attendantswentaway,buttomakethesophisticatedpumps,companieslikeWayneFuelingSystemsinTexashiredsoftwarecoders,engineers,salesstaffandprojectmanagers.Stationownerstooktheirextraprofitsandturnedtheirstationsintomini-marts,whichneededclerks.Consumersspentlessmoneyongasbecausetheyweren’tpayingforsomeoneelsetopumpit.Agenerationofgasstationattendantsgotsmoked,buttheautomationsentsomeclearsignalsthatrelyingonsuchunskilledjobsisn’tagreatcareerplan.Thosesignalsledtomoreparentsencouragingtheirkidstogotocollege.Soovertime,wetookhundredsofthousandsofpeopleoutofthepoolofthosewhomightwantagasstationattendantjobandpushedthemup,towardtheprofessionaljobmarket,addingalotofvaluetosocietyandtheirwallets.Economistshaveshowntimeandagainthatautomationhelpsoverallstandardsoflivingrise,literacyratesimprove,averagelifespanlengthenandcrimeratesfall.Afterwavesofautomation,werewaybetteroffinalmosteveryway.AsMattRidleydetailsinhisbookTheRationalOptimist,in1900,theaverageAmericanspent$76outofevery$100onfoodclothingandshelter.Today,heorshespends$37tobuyaModelTin1908tookabout4,700hoursofwork;Today,theaveragepersonhastoworkabout1,000hourstobuyacarthat’sathousandtimesbetterthanaModelT.TheUnitedNationsestimatesthatpovertywasreducedmoreinthepast50yearsthanintheprevious500.Ifprogresshasbeenlesskindtothelowerendoftheworkforce,itstillhelpsthatsegmentlivebetterthanbefore,atleastbymakingproductsmoreaffordableandbetteratthesametime.Andnow,evenwithsoftwareautomatingallkindsofwork,therearesignsthatthetechnologyiscreatingmorejobsthanitdestroys.U.S.censusdatareleasedinSeptembershowedthelargestannualdropinpovertysince1999.Nearly3millionjobswerecreatedfrom2014to2015.DonaldTrumpwonthepresidentialelectionbypromisingtobringJobs“back”toAmerica—apromisebelievedbymanywhofeelleftbehindbytechnology-drivenshifts.Yetallevidencesuggeststhatthejobslieahead,createdbymovingforward.17.WhathasJohnRoscoebeennotedfor?18.ThearticlehasgivenconcreteevidencetoillustratethebenefitsofautomationEXCEPT______.19.MattRidley’sTheRationalOptimistrevealsthatpeoplein1908__________.20.Whatdoes“movingforward”inthelastsentenceofthisarticleprobablymean?問題1選項A.Inventingthefirstself-servepumps.B.Installinggas-deliveringrobotsacrosstheUS.C.Makingautomatedrobotspopularatgasstations.D.Firstusingautomationtechnologyatagasstation.問題2選項A.creatingjobsB.improvingliteracyC.lengtheninglifespanD.raisinglivingstandards問題3選項A.workedforverylonghourstobuildacarB.weregenerallynotabletoaffordaModelTC.werelesskindtothelowerendoftheworkforceD.spentthelargerpartoftheirmoneyonnecessities問題4選項A.Usingtechnology.B.Helpingthelesseducated.C.SupportingTrump’selection.D.BringingjobsbacktoAmerica.13.單選題The（

）ofmedicalknowledgeisbeingpushedfartheronwardsastimegoeson問題1選項A.potentialB.multitudeC.frontierD.leap14.單選題Shehasbutafaint（

）ofdialecticalmaterialism.問題1選項A.sacrificeB.reactionC.notionD.clue15.單選題Thebookcontainedalarge（

）ofinformation.問題1選項A.dealB.amountC.numberD.sum16.翻譯題工作使人忙碌，讓人不會感到寂寞、孤獨。工作給人以充實感和成就感。研究表明，人們無事可做時會感到不愉快、憂慮、孤獨。相反，忙于工作的人感到最愉快。許多熱愛事業(yè)、卓有成就的人感到在努力工作時最幸福。工作起到人與現(xiàn)實之間的橋梁作用:通過工作，人們彼此接觸;通過集體活動，人們得到友誼和溫暖。由此我們可以得出結(jié)論：工作能使人幸福,使人健康。17.單選題Morethanone-thirdoftheChineseintheUnitedStatesliveinCalifornia,（

）inSanFrancisco.問題1選項A.previouslyB.predominantlyC.practicallyD.permanently18.單選題Theyhavehadonlyon

（

）

togainthewealth.問題1選項A.objectivismB.objectionC.objectiveD.objectivity19.單選題Whenwewatchaplayorafilm,weallrealizethatthecharactersaresometimes（

）.問題1選項A.imaginativeB.imaginableC.imaginedD.imaginary20.單選題Hisnewtheoryhascausedanenormous（

）throughoutthecivilizedworld.問題1選項A.solidarityB.sentimentC.sermonD.sensation第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】InnovationConsciousnessofPh.D.StudentsinChinaChinaismarchingtowardaninnovativecountry.Innovationis,sotospeak,China’snationalspirit.Withoutinnovation,Chinawouldhavenofurtherdevelopment.Inotherwords,innovationcanpromoteChina’ssocialprogressandincreaseitsproductivity.ItssocialprogressandincreaseinproductivitydependtoalargeextentonscientificinnovationofitsPh.D.candidates.Ph.D.candidates’innovationconsciousnessplaysanimportantroleindoingtheirresearchworkwell.ThereisnogainsayingthefactthattheoverwhelmingmajorityofPh.D.candidateswithinnovationconsciousnessinChinahaveputforwardalotofinnovativeviewpointsordevelopedplentyofinnovativeproducts,whichareundoubtedlyconducivetotheconstructionofoursocialistmodernization.Butfranklyspeaking,somePh.D.candidateslackinnovationconsciousness.TheytendtodowhattheyaretoldtodobytheirPh.D.supervisors.Theyrespecttheirsupervisorssomuchsothattheydonotdaretoenjoytoomuchacademicfreedom,tosaynothingofputtingforwardviewpointsquitedifferentfromtheirsupervisors’eveniftheirsarereasonable.Otherwise,theymayoffendtheirsupervisorsandmaynotbeallowedtoearntheirdoctor’sdegrees.SuchaphenomenonisundoubtedlybadforthecultivationofinnovationconsciousnessofPh.D.candidatesinChina.HereI’dliketomakesomesuggestionsonhowtoenhanceinnovationconsciousnessofPh.D.candidatesinChina.Inthefirstplace,weshouldcreateexcellentacademicatmosphereforPh.D.candidates.Weshouldencouragethosewithacademiccouragetoproposecreativescientificideasconflictingwithorevenentirelycontrarytoold-fashionedones.Inthesecondplace,weshouldawardprizestoPh.D.candidateswhohavecreatedinnovativeproductsandtheirsupervisors.Lastbutnotleast,weshouldnotletthosewhohavenocreativeideasintheirdissertationsgettheirdoctor’sdegrees.2.【答案】B【解析】句意:盡管他沒有陳述他的觀點,但隱含的意思是他懷疑我說的話。選項B符合語境。3.【答案】C【解析】probe探查,調(diào)查；abide持續(xù),忍受；magnified放大；specify詳細說明。句意:顯微鏡把放在幻燈片上的樣品放大了1000倍。選項C符合句意。4.【答案】D【解析】根據(jù)句意:目的在于弄清楚多少人更喜歡看電視連續(xù)劇而不是電影。由此可以推斷,這是一項調(diào)查,所以選項D符合語境。5.【答案】D【解析】句意:他難以清楚地表達自己的想法,這將成為他想當一名律師的不利條件。handicap指障礙,不利條件。只有選項D符合句意。6.【答案】第1題:D第2題:B第3題:B第4題:A【解析】第1題:1.根據(jù)第一段第三句“Oneofthefamousspokesmen...inthespiritualsphere.’”日本“啟蒙運動”的一位著名發(fā)言人宣稱：“在我看來，東方的儒家文明缺少西方文明所擁有的兩樣?xùn)|西：物質(zhì)領(lǐng)域的科學(xué)和精神領(lǐng)域的獨立意識?！币簿褪钦f，他認為日本應(yīng)該引進西方文明，選項D符合原文。2.選項A應(yīng)該是一戰(zhàn)后，所以不正確；選項C明顯錯誤;根據(jù)第二段第二句“Thenewdemocratic...thesocietyasawhole.”可知選項D屬于完全否定，與原文表述不符;根據(jù)第四段第一句“MostJapanesepeoplehaveconsciouslyrejectedConfucianism,butleftoversoftheoldorderremain.”大多數(shù)日本人都有意識地拒絕儒家思想,但舊秩序的殘余依然存在。也就是說，傳統(tǒng)儒學(xué)根深蒂固，是日本社會不可或缺的一部分。選項B正確。3.根據(jù)第四段最后兩句，oyabun-kobun創(chuàng)造了移動的梯子，一個人可以在能力允許的范圍內(nèi)向上攀登，只要他與垂直通道上的上級保持良好的個人關(guān)系，后者的要求通常優(yōu)先于對非凡能力的需要。由此可以推斷，oyabun-kobun指的是“上下級之間的關(guān)系”，選項中只有B項符合要求。4.根據(jù)第四段最后兩句，oyabun-kobun創(chuàng)造了移動的梯子，一個人可以在能力允許的范圍內(nèi)向上攀登，只要他與垂直通道上的上級保持良好的個人關(guān)系，后者的要求通常優(yōu)先于對非凡能力的需要。作者其實是在暗示，尊重權(quán)威在晉升中扮演著更重要的角色。第2題:第3題:第4題:7.【答案】C【解析】asaresult作為結(jié)果；bytheway順便說；inaword總之，簡言之；onthecontrary正相反。句意：杰克善良、勤奮、聰明?？傊覍λu價再高也不過分。選項C符合句意。8.【答案】B【解析】句意:商店經(jīng)理說他打算解雇辦事效率不高的員工。選項B符合句意。resign是主動辭職,所以不正確。9.【答案】第1題:C第2題:D第3題:A第4題:B【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段第一句“Governmentisaninstitutionresultingfromman’sgroupwayoflifewhichmaintainsasetofsocialcontrolsinordertopreventchaos.”政府是人類群體生活方式所產(chǎn)生的機構(gòu),它維持著一系列的社會控制以防止混亂。反過來說,缺乏社會組織和社會控制,認為政治權(quán)威是不必要的,是無政府的狀態(tài)。所以選項C正確。2.根據(jù)第一段的第一句可知,社會控制的內(nèi)在化形式是政府。選項D正確。3.根據(jù)第三段第一句“Politicalcontrolisanoutgrowthofmoralcontrol,anditseffectivenessdependsonthewillingnessofthemembersofsocietytoacceptthegovernment’sauthorityasjustandright.”政治控制是道德控制的產(chǎn)物,它的有效性取決于社會成員是否愿意把政府的權(quán)威看作是正當?shù)暮驼x的東西。所以正當行使合法權(quán)力被稱為權(quán)威。選項A正確。4.根據(jù)第三段第二句“Agovernmentthatisforcedtocoerceorthreatenmostofitsmembersintoacceptingpoliticalcontrolnotbackedwithmoralcontrolwillnotsurvivelong.”被迫威逼大多數(shù)成員接受沒有道德控制支持的政治控制的政府不會長久。也就是說,政治控制不能在沒有道德控制的社會中存在。選項B與之剛好相反,所以不正確。10.【答案】第1題:A第2題:C第3題:D第4題:A【解析】1.【試題答案】A【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。題干：誰編著了菲爾家答錄機里的這首詩？通過題干定位到文章第一段的第二句話Helikedthesamplethathehadwrittenforthem,soherecordeditonhishomeansweringmachine（他很喜歡他寫給學(xué)生的樣例，所以他將其錄入了家里的答錄機），這里的“he”代指的就是前文中提到的“PhilBelfiore”，因此A選項“菲爾?貝爾菲奧爾”，符合題意。其他選項均不是答錄機里這首詩的作家。綜上所述，本題正確答案為A選項。2.【試題答案】C【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。題干：約翰首次呼叫菲爾的原因是他想要……？通過題干定位到文章第三段第二句話Onegentlemancallerapologizedfordialingthewrongnumber.（一位紳士為打錯電話而道歉。），第五段第三句話再次提及Itturnedoutthathisbrother,David’sphonenumberwasdifferentfromPhil’sbyonedigit,thusthewrongnumber.（約翰的哥哥大衛(wèi)的電話號碼和菲爾家的僅差一個數(shù)字，所以打錯了電話），可以推斷出約翰本來想和他的哥哥打電話，因為按錯了號碼打給了菲爾，因此C選項“聯(lián)系他哥哥”，符合題意；A選項“學(xué)習(xí)怎么寫詩”，B選項“參加菲爾的生日宴會”和D選項“和他探討羅伯特這位詩人”，在文中均未提及。綜上所述，本題正確答案為C選項。3.【試題答案】D【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。題干：兩位男士談?wù)摰米疃嗟氖?通過題干定位到文章第七段Themendiscussfootballandfamily…“Slowlyovertheyearsourconversationshavegrownmuchmorepersonal,’’saysPhil.“WetalkprimarilyaboutJohn’shealth,andlovelife.Alsoourrelatives,hobbies,andwhateverelsecomesup…”（男人們談?wù)撟闱蚝图彝ァ斑@些年來，我們的談話慢慢變得越來越私人?！狈茽栒f?！拔覀冎饕?wù)摷s翰的健康和感情生活，還有我們的親戚、愛好和其他的……”），可知D選項“運動和家庭”，符合題意；A選項“故事和假期”；B選項“旅行和異國”；C選項“詩歌和文學(xué)”，在文中均未提及。綜上所述，本題正確答案為D選項。4.【試題答案】A【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干：關(guān)于約翰和菲爾，我們知道什么？A選項“他們是沒有見過面的最好的朋友”，由文章最后一段第一句話JohnandPhilhaveplannedtomeettwice,butcircumstancesconspiredagainstthem.（約翰和菲爾有過兩次見面計劃，但是情況都有變動。），可知他們從沒見面過，故A選項正確；B選項“他們都是對詩歌創(chuàng)作很有熱情的詩人”，D選項“他們都是喜歡長時間打電話的退伍軍人”文中提及菲爾是教師，約翰是退伍老兵，因此B，D選項錯誤；C選項“他們都是有特殊回憶的善于說故事的人”，文章倒數(shù)第二段第二句提及IcallJohnandfindhimanengagingstorytellerwithanexceptionalmemory.（我認為約翰是一位有特殊回憶的善于說故事的人），但是并沒有提及菲爾是否擅長講故事，C選項屬于原文的過度推斷，故排除。綜上所述，本題正確答案為A選項。11.【答案】C【解析】根據(jù)句意可知,填空處的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該與or后面意思相反且與casual,situational意思相近。句意:友誼可以是淺薄的、隨意的、場合性的,也可以是深刻的、持久的。只有選項C符合語境。12.【答案】第1題:D第2題:A第3題:B第4題:A【解析】17.【試題答案】D【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。題干：約翰因……而聞名？據(jù)題干定位至文章第二段第一二句話Thefirstcrudeversionofanautomatedgas-deliveringrobotappearedin1964atastationinWestminster,Colorado.ShortStopconveniencestoreownerJohnRoscoeboughtanelectricboxthatletaclerkinsideactivateanyofthepumpsoutside.（1964年，首臺粗糙版的自動供油機器人出現(xiàn)在科羅拉多的威斯敏特斯的一個加油站。ShortStop便利店店主約翰購買了電箱，讓店員待在電箱里，觸動外部的泵。），可知約翰購買了電箱，成為首個在加油站用自動化技術(shù)的，因此D選項“在加油站最先使用自動化技術(shù)”，符合題意；文章只提到了1964年出現(xiàn)了第一個自動供油機器，并沒有提到誰發(fā)明了這一機器，因此A選項“發(fā)明了首臺自助油泵”，不對；B選項“在美國各地安裝了供油機器人”，原文提到的是andoverthenext30years,stationsacrossthenationinstalledthesetask-specificrobotsandfiredattendants.（在接下來的30年里，全國各地的工作站安裝了這些特定任務(wù)的機器人，解雇了工作人員。），而約翰只是在他的便利店安裝了自助油泵，故B選項排除；C項“在加油站普及自動化機器人”，約翰只是在他的便利店安裝了自助油泵，并沒有推廣其在加油站的使用，因此C選項排除。綜上所述，本題正確答案為D選項。18.【試題答案】A【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干：文章有確切證據(jù)證明自動化帶來的一系列好處，除了……？文章第三段第一句話提到Ashashappenedthroughoutthehistoryofautomation,somejobsgotdestroyedbyautomatedgaspumps,butnewandoftenbetterjobswerecreated.（貫穿整個自動化歷史的是，自動供氣泵使人們喪失了一些工作，同時也創(chuàng)造了一些新的，更好的工作。）可知自動化在創(chuàng)造工作機會的同時，也毀掉了一些工作機會，A選項“創(chuàng)造工作”，不夠全面和正確，故排除；由文章第五段第一句話Economistshaveshowntimeandagainthatautomationhelpsoverallstandardsoflivingrise,literacyratesimprove,averagelifespanlengthenandcrimeratesfall.（經(jīng)濟學(xué)家一再證明，自動化有助于提高總體生活水平、提高識字率、延長平均壽命和降低犯罪率。），可知B選項“促進識字”，C選項“延長壽余”和D選項“提升生活水平”，均是自動化帶來的一系列好處。綜上所述，本題正確答案為A選項。19.【試題答案】B【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干：馬特里德利的《理性樂觀主義》揭示1908年的人……？根據(jù)題干定位至倒數(shù)第二段Today,heorshespends$37tobuyaModelTin1908tookabout4,700hoursofwork;（當今，他或她花費37美元購買T型發(fā)動機汽車，而在1908年，人們需要花4700小時工作賺的錢才能買得起這輛汽車；），由此可知1908年T型發(fā)動機汽車很貴，而且人們很難負擔得起，因此B選項“一般而言買不起T型發(fā)動機小汽車”正確；A選項“工作很長時間造汽車”文章表達的意思是人們需要工作很長時間來賺錢買車，而不是造汽車，A選項不符合題意；C選項“對底層勞動力不那么友好”在文章沒有提到。不能通過這本書推斷出來C選項，故排除；D選項“消耗大部分的錢在必需品上”，書中提到的是1900年的人們把大部分的錢花在生活必需品上面而不是1908年的人，故D選項排除。綜上所述，本題正確答案為B選項。20.【試題答案】A【試題解析】語義推測題。題干：這篇文章最后一句中的“movingforward”可能是什么意思？根據(jù)題干定位至最后一段最后兩句DonaldTrumpwonthepresidentialelectionbypromisingtobringJobs“back”toAmerica—apromisebelievedbymanywhofeelleftbehindbytechnology-drivenshifts.Yetallevidencesuggeststhatthejobslieahead,createdbymovingforward.（特朗普通過承諾給美國帶去工作機會而贏得了總統(tǒng)選舉，很多感到在技術(shù)驅(qū)動大潮中落后的人相信了這個承諾。然而所有的證據(jù)表明即將到來的工作機會，是由______帶來的。），結(jié)合全文中心自動化以及自動化帶來的好處推測，技術(shù)進步和發(fā)展才能創(chuàng)造工作，因此A選項“使用技術(shù)”為最佳答案。B選項“幫助接受教育程度低的人”和D選項“帶工作機會回美國”，在文中沒有提及；C項“支持特朗普的選舉”，屬于文章的過度推斷，排除。綜上所述，本題正確答案為A選項。13.【答案】C【解析】句意:隨著時間的推移,醫(yī)學(xué)知識的前沿正在向前推進。只有選項C符合句意。14.【答案】C【解析】sacrifice犧牲；reaction反應(yīng)；notion概念；clue線索。句意:她對辯證唯物主義只有一個模糊的概念。選項C符合語境。15.【答案】B【解析】alargeamountof+不可數(shù)名詞；alargenumberof+可數(shù)名詞；deal的用法為agreat/gooddealof+不可數(shù)名詞。information為不可數(shù)名詞，所以選項B正確。16.【答案】Workmakesonebusy,makesonefeelneitherlonelynorsolitary.Workgivesoneasenseofenrichmentandasenseofachievement.Researchindicatesthatpeoplefeelunhappy,concernedandsolitarywhentheyhavenothingtodo.Onthecontrary,peoplebusywiththeirworkfeelextremelyhappy.Manypeoplelovingtheircareerandhavingmadetheirprominentachievementsfeelveryhappywhileworkinghard.Workservesasabridgebetweenpeopleandreality.Throughwork,peopleareabletocomeintocontactwithoneanother.Throughcollectiveactivities,peoplegetfriendshipandwarmth.Thuswecanreachtheconclusionthatworkcanmakeonehappyandhealthy.17.【答案】B【解析】previously以前，預(yù)先；predominantly主要地，顯著地；practically實際地，事實上；permanently永久地。句意：在美國，超過三分之一的華人居住在加州，主要居住在舊金山。選項B符合句意。18.【答案】C【解析】形近詞辨析。objectivism客觀主義；objection反對,異議；objective目的,目標；objectivity客觀性。句意:他們只有一個目標就是獲得財富。選項C符合句意。19.【答案】D【解析】imaginative富于想象的，有創(chuàng)造力的；imaginable可想象到的；imagined想象的，構(gòu)想的；imaginary虛構(gòu)的，假想的。句意：當我們看戲劇或電影時，我們都知道角色有時是虛構(gòu)的，選項D符合句意。20.【答案】D【解析】solidarity團結(jié)一致；sentiment情緒,觀點；sermon啟示,訓(xùn)誡；sensation轟動。句意:他的新理論在整個文明世界引起了巨大的轟動。選項D符合句意。第2卷一.綜合題(共20題)1.單選題Hecollects（

）ofallkindsofrocksandminerals.問題1選項A.specimensB.timbersC.serpentsD.trunks2.寫作題YouaresupposedtowritealettertoaprofessorinauniversityintheUnitedStatesorUK,requestingforthepossibilityofacooperativeprogramforPh.D.there.1.Thelettershouldbeginwith“DearProfessorXXX”2.Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.3.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“MaQing”instead.4.Donotwritetheaddress.3.翻譯題TheUKhaslongprideditselfonitsroadsafetystandards.Casualtyfiguresarelowcomparedwithmostotherindustrializedcountries.Butthispositiverecord,coupledwiththefactthattheinternationaltrendcontinuesdownwards,isalsowhythefirstincreaseinroaddeathsforalmostadecadeshouldbeacauseforconcern.Abreakdownofthe2010—11figuresshowswherethatconcerncouldmostusefullybedirected.Deathsamongdriversandpassengerswereup6percent,withruralroadsaccountingformoreoftherisethanurbanareas,andadisproportionatenumberoffatalaccidentsinvolvingdriversunder24.Therelativelyhighaccidentrateonruralroadshasbroughtcallsforanewspeedlimitincountryareasof40mph.Thatisworthconsidering.Therearemanyroadswherethelackofalimitimplicitlyallowsdriverstotravelat60mph,evenwheretheconditionsshouldd