高考語法填空考點(diǎn)總結(jié)

PAGEPAGE4語法填空考點(diǎn)分析提示詞形式動(dòng)詞謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)（八大時(shí)態(tài)）語態(tài)（主動(dòng)語態(tài)&被動(dòng)語態(tài)）非謂語動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞不定式形容詞與副詞的比較級或最高級詞性轉(zhuǎn)換（名詞&動(dòng)詞&形容詞&副詞）詞義轉(zhuǎn)換（派生詞）純空格形式冠詞（a/an/the）介詞(in,on,at,behind,for,with,from...)代詞人稱代詞（主格&賓格）物主代詞（形容詞性物主代詞&名詞性物主代詞）反身代詞指示代詞（this，that，these,those）不定代詞（some,other,another,both,...）疑問代詞連詞從屬連詞名詞性從句定語從句狀語從句并列連詞（but,however,so,and,...）固定短語或句型有提示詞的解題技巧一：謂語動(dòng)詞：若句子沒有別的謂語動(dòng)詞，或者雖然已有謂語動(dòng)詞，但需填的動(dòng)詞與之是并列關(guān)系時(shí)，所給動(dòng)詞就是謂語動(dòng)詞；若是謂語動(dòng)詞，就要考慮時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。1.Hisfearoffailure_______(keep)himfromclassroomgamesthatotherchildrenplayedexcitedly.kept2.ThatwasdefinitelynotanattractiveideasoIpolitelydeclinedherinvitation,______(close)mybookandwalkedaway.closed3.Threepeople____(take)toahospital,whileothersweretreatedatalocalclinic..weretaken4.Shetoldhimthatshe________(bring)himthewaterintenminutes.wouldbring二、非謂語動(dòng)詞若句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞，又不是并列謂語時(shí)，所給動(dòng)詞就是非謂語動(dòng)詞。若是非謂語動(dòng)詞就要確定用現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞，還是不定式。非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式一定要考慮它與其邏輯主語之間的關(guān)系。技巧一：作主語或賓語，通常用現(xiàn)在分詞形式表示習(xí)慣或一般情況，用不定式表示具體的情況。1.Butitisnotenoughonly_______________(memorize)rulesfromagrammarbook.解析：因it是形式主語，后面用不定式作真正的主語，故填tomemorize。2._____________(speak)outyourfeelingwon’tmakeyoufeelashamed.解析：句中已有謂語won’tmake，所以speak應(yīng)為非謂語動(dòng)詞；謂語前面應(yīng)為主語，作主語，表示一般情況，要用動(dòng)名詞短語，故填Speaking。技巧二：作目的狀語或者在形容詞后作狀語，一般用不定式。1.______________(complete)theprojectasplanned,we’llhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.解析：因句中已有謂語willhavetowork，所以complete應(yīng)為非謂語動(dòng)詞；因“(為了)按計(jì)劃完成這項(xiàng)工程”是“我們每天不得不額外多工作兩小時(shí)”的目的，作目的狀語，用動(dòng)詞不定式，故填Tocomplete。2.Somepeoplesaythatoldestchildren,whoaresmartandstrong-willed,areverylikely_______(succeed).解析：因在形容詞likely后作狀語，要用動(dòng)詞不定式，故填tosucceed。技巧三：作伴隨狀語，常用分詞，與邏輯主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞，與邏輯主語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過去分詞。這樣的題一般要特別注意空格前的逗號。1.Hesawthestone,____________(say)tohimself:“Thenightwillbeverydark.”解析：句中已有謂語saw，所給動(dòng)詞與saw不是并列關(guān)系，應(yīng)當(dāng)是非謂語動(dòng)詞；又因He與say是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填saying作伴隨狀語。2.Theheadmasterwentintothelab,______________(follow)bytheforeignguests.解析：句中已有謂語went，而follow又不是與之并列的，故為非謂語動(dòng)詞；又因theheadmaster與follow是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作伴隨狀語。3.Therewillbeameeting,___________(start)laterthisyeartoreviewthefilm.解析：因ameeting與start是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語，補(bǔ)充說明ameeting，故填starting。4.Lessons_______________(learn)insportscanhelpusinourdealingwithotherpeople.解析：因句中已有謂語canhelp，所以learn應(yīng)為非謂語動(dòng)詞；又因lesson與learn是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用過去分詞短語作定語，故填learned。特別提醒有時(shí)給出的動(dòng)詞可能既不是謂語動(dòng)詞也不是非謂語動(dòng)詞，而是要求詞類轉(zhuǎn)換。如：ButJaneknewfrompastexperiencethather__________(choose)oftieshardlyeverpleasedherfather.解析：括號中所給詞choose雖然是動(dòng)詞，但在句中作主語，且在形容詞性物主代詞后，應(yīng)當(dāng)填choose的名詞形式choice。謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞的比較練習(xí)：Heenteredtheroom，__________(hold)abookinhishand.holdingHeenteredtheroomand_________(hold)abookinhishand.heldIpolitelyrefusedherinvitationand___________(walk)away.walkedIpolitelyrefusedherinvitation，___________(walk)away.walkingAboy__________(call)Jackcameheretoday.called(im)possible(im)polite(un)happy(un)healthy(un)kindcare(less)home(less)use(less)（dis)likeWhatwouldyoudoifyoufailed?Manypeoplemaychoosetogiveup.__1__,thesurestwaytosuccessistokeepyourdirectionandstick__2__yourgoal.Onyourwaytosuccess,you__3__keepyourdirection.Itisjustlikealamp,guidingyouindarknessand__4__(help)youovercomeobstaclesonyourway.__5__,youwilleasilygetlostorhesitatetogoahead.Directionmeansobjectives.Youcangetnowhere__6__anobjectiveinlife.Youcantrytowriteyourobjectiveonpaperandmakesomeplanstoachieve__7__.Onlyinthisway__8__youknowhowtoarrangeyourtimeandtospendyourtime__9__(proper)．Andyoushouldalsohaveabelief__10__youaresuretosucceedaslongasyoukeepyourdirectionallthetime.【解析】本文告訴我們，要想成功，最可靠的方法就是堅(jiān)持你的方向和目標(biāo)。1．However與前句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，空格前后都有標(biāo)點(diǎn)，用副詞however。2．tostickto意為“堅(jiān)持”。3．must由語境揣摸出作者的語氣，句意為：在通往成功的路上，你必須堅(jiān)持你的方向。4．helping與guiding并列，一起補(bǔ)充說明alamp，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。5．Otherwise由本句與前句的邏輯關(guān)系可知，要填表示“否則”的otherwise。6．without句意：人生如果沒有目標(biāo)，你將一事無成。7．itit指代yourobjective。8．will/can句意：只有這樣，你才會(huì)知道……9．properly修飾動(dòng)詞spend作狀語用副詞。10．that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，從句中不缺句子成分，且意義完整，故填that。語法填空：純空格的解題技巧一、冠詞（一）不定冠詞a，an的用法1表示泛指，泛指任何的、不限定的或首次提到的人或事物L(fēng)onglongaago,therewas______littlegirlwholivedwithsevenlittleman.a2表示“每一”，相當(dāng)于every,oneWestudyeighthours______day.aa和an的區(qū)別：a用于輔音開頭的單詞前，an用于元音開頭的單詞前Thereis____“u”intheword”use”.Asweallknow,____hourisequalto60minutes.（二）定冠詞the的用法：1表特指(1）特指上文已提到過的人或事物Thereisapenhere._____penismine.用于帶后置定語的名詞前，表示特定的人或事物Thewaterin_____bottleisclean.(3)特指說話雙方都知道或能體會(huì)到的人或事物Pleaseturnon____radio.2表類指(1)用于形容詞前表示一類人____richand____poorshouldbetreatedequal.(2)用于分詞前表示一類人Thedoctoristakingcareof_____injuredand_____dying.thedying垂危的人(3)與單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用表類別_____horseisausefulanimal.3表獨(dú)指用于世上獨(dú)一無二的事物名詞前____earthturnsaround____sun.4慣用法(1)用于樂器名稱前Hebegantoplay_____violinattheageofsix.(2)表示“一家人”或“夫婦”___Greens格林一家/格林夫婦(3)用于序數(shù)詞、形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級前Ofthetwocoats,Iprefer____cheaperone.(4)用于由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前____UnitedStates____People’sRepublicofChina(5)用于江河、海洋、山脈等名詞前____HimalayaMountains,___YellowRiver,____TaiwanIsland(6)用于方位名詞前in___east/west/north/south(7)用于世紀(jì)的某個(gè)年代in____1990’s/1990s在20世紀(jì)90年代冠詞練習(xí)：Hetalkedtousin____unusualway.anIsatnexttothemanandintroducemyself.Wehad___amazingconversation.anOnemorninghewaswalkingalongthestreetwhenastrangerstoppedhim.”Well,”answered_____stranger,“areyoustillwillingtotakeachance?”theJohn,thereis____Mr.Wilsononthephoneforyou.AAyoungman,whiletravelingthroughadesert,cameacrossaspringofclearwater.____waterwassweet.The二、介詞介詞包括表時(shí)間、方位、方式的介詞on，in，at，with，by，through等。如果名詞、代詞前是空格，且該名詞或代詞不是作主語、賓語、或表語，而更多是作狀語時(shí)，很可能填介詞。另外，含有介詞的固定搭配要積累。1、Ididn’twanttobelaughedatfortalkingtohimbutIdidn’tlikeleavinghim_______hisowneither.ononone’eown=byoneself獨(dú)自地，靠自己地2、Theyoungmanwenthome________ahappyheart.with3、Hewasverytired________doingthisforawholeday,buthefeltveryhappy.from/after4、Ifyoustillhaven’tgotamotto,pleasechooseonebecauseamottocanhaveagreatinfluence_____you.on5、Themachineworks____itself.by6、It’sunbelievablethatJohnfelloffthetruck_______beinghurt.without7、Rosewaswildwithjoy_____theresultoftheexam.as8、Assoonasheenteredtheroom,hetook____hiscapandsatdown.off9、Thenumberoftheemployeeshasgrownfrom1000to1200.Thismeansthatithasrisen______20percent.by三、代詞代詞的種類繁多，包括人稱代詞、物主代詞、疑問代詞、反身代詞和指示代詞等，其中近年來對代詞it在句中指代事物,作形式主語或形式賓語的用法較常見。如果句子缺少主語或賓語，那一定是填名詞或代詞，名詞一般都是詞性變換，所以沒給出提示詞的，一般都是填代詞。Scientistsinthefuturewillcertainlyfindotherwaystomakelifelastlonger.______willfindcuresformorediseases.缺人稱代詞，且作主格，填TheyAsateenager,Tomspentsummersworkingasalifeguard.Fortyyearslater,_____becametheoldestpresident.缺人稱代詞，且作主格，填he“Iamdisappointedthatyouliedtome,Jack.Iamangry,notwith____,butwithmyself.”Dadsaid.缺人稱代詞，且作賓格，填you4.Tomisakind-heartedman,soyoucanask______forhelp.缺人稱代詞，且作賓語，填him5.Theboyhadmisunderstoodthedoctor.Hethoughtthathewasgoingtogivehissisterall____blood.缺形容詞性物主代詞，填his6.Hereismydictionary.Maybe______isonthetable.Ifyoustillcan’tfindit,youmayaskyourmotherforhelp.缺主語，且沒有提示詞，所以根據(jù)句意，缺名詞性物主代詞，填yours7.CouldIborrowyoupen?Yes,help________.缺反身代詞，填yourself.8.Byplayinggames,theycannotonlyacquireknowledge,butalsocultivatetheirabilitiestogetalongwith_______.Others9.Ofthetwoforeignguests,oneisfromLondon,______isfromNewYork.Theother10.Heaskedhisteacher,“Sir,thewaterwasawful.Whydidyoupretendtolike______?”it11..Sherememberedhowdifficult_______wastochooseasuitableChristmaspresentforherfather.12.Ithink_____necessarythatwedrinkplentyofwatereveryday.it四、連詞如果兩個(gè)句子（即兩個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)）之間沒有分號或句號，也沒有關(guān)聯(lián)詞連接或引導(dǎo)，則填并列連詞或從屬連詞。并列連詞：包括表轉(zhuǎn)折but，while,however,or,otherwise；并列and；因果because，so等連詞。從屬連詞：包括that,who,which,where,when,as等。Heansweredallmyquestions_____wetalkedforoveranhour.andIpatientlywalkedtothelibrary,tookmyseat_____tookadeepbreathtohelprelaxmyself.andIthoughtwewouldbelatefortheconcert,____weendedupgettingthereaheadoftime.butYouhavefailedtwotests.You’dbetterstartworkingharder,____youwon’tpassthecourse.orI’dliketostudylawatuniversity________mycousinprefersgeography.whileTheywantedtocharge$5,000forthecar,_______wemanagedtobringthepricedown.butPeoplefromblackcountryareveryfriendly.________,theirlocaldialectisdifficulttounderstand.However五、固定搭配或句型1.根據(jù)強(qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)“Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+句子剩下部分”判斷空格處填it還是that._____wasonlyafterIheardshebecamesickthatIlearnedshecouldn’teatmeat.ItItwasinthepark_____Jackmetyoursisteryesterday.that2.如果句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，空格后是謂語動(dòng)詞且謂語動(dòng)詞原形，而且上下文時(shí)態(tài)和謂語形式不是很一致時(shí)，則考慮以下兩種情況：（1）填表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的助動(dòng)詞However,anawfulaccident________happenyesterday.didAsweallknow,Mary_____practicespeakingEnglisheveryday.does以only+狀語（從句）位于句首,句子要部分倒裝句，即把be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞提到主語的前面。Onlythen____IrealizethatIwaswrong.didOnlyinthisway___youabletodoitwell.areIwasalwaystoldthatthethreePs,patience,positivethinkingandperseverance,wereasurepath1__________success.Butthisadvicedoesnotalwaysworkasplanned.Myhighschoolmathsexamisoneexample.Theexam,2_________wasoriginallytobeheldinourclassroom,3__________(change)tothelibraryatthelastminute.This,4__________,didn’tbothermebecausemathshadalwaysbeenmystrongestsubject.Ipatientlywalkedtothelibrary,tookmyseatanddidsomedeepbreathingtohelprelax5__________.Butmymoodchangedquickly______Isawthefirstquestion.Ihadnoideahowtodoit.Itriedtostaypositive7__________Ifinallyfoundthesolution.Withtheproblem8___________(solve),Ifeltproudofmyachievement.9___________(fortunate),IthennoticedthatIhadjust10minutesleft10___________(complete)therest.1.to2.which3.waschanged4.however5.myself6.when/as22.until8.solved9.Unfortunately10tocompleteMorethan2000yearsago,therelivedayoungmanintheShoulingareaoftheStateofYan.1______(lack)self-confidence,hewas2_____alossastohowtobehaveallthetime.3______thedayswentby,he4_______(feel)thathiswalkinggesturesweretooclumsyandawkward.Oneday,hemetsomepeopleontheroadwhowerechattingandlaughing.5______ofthemsaidthatpeopleinHandanwalked6________(grace).Andthatwasjust7_____hewasmostconcernedabout,sohewenttoHandan，8_______wasfaraway,tolearnhowtowalk.AssoonashearrivedinHandan,helearnedfromthechildrentherehowtowalk,9_______hethoughtthatthechildren’swalkinggestureswerelively.Helearnedfromtheoldpeopletherehowtowalk,becausehethoughttheoldpeople'swalkinggesturesweresteady.Helearnedfromthewomentherehowtowalk,becausehethoughtthewomen'swavingwalkinggestureswerebeautiful.Thatbeingthecasewithhim,inlessthanhalf10______monthheevenforgothowtowalk.Ashehadalreadyuseduphistravelingexpenses,hehadtocrawl.1.Lacking。因he與lack是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語，表示原因。2.at。固定短語：ataloss茫然，不知如何是好。asto至于，關(guān)于3.As。引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，表示“隨著”。4.felt。由上下文可知，用一般過去時(shí)。5.One。指其中之一，用故oneofthem。6.gracefully。修飾動(dòng)詞作狀語，用副詞gracefully。7.what。引導(dǎo)表語從句并在從句中作about的賓語，故用連接代詞what。8.which。引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句并在從句中作主語,只能用which。9.because。10.a。搭配：halfamonth半個(gè)月。Ayoungman,whiletravelingthroughadesert,cameacrossaspringofclearwater.______31____waterwassweet.Hefilledhisleathercontainersothathecouldbringsomebacktoelder_______32____hadbeenhisteacher.Afterafour-dayjourney,theyoungman_____33___.(present)thewatertotheoldman.Histeachertookadeepdrink,smiled____34_____(warm),andthankedhisstudentverymuchforthesweetwater.Theyoungmanwenthome____35______ahappyheart.Afterthestudentleft,theteacherlet__36___studenttastethewater.Hespititout,__37___(say)itwasawful.Apparently,itwasnolongerfreshbecauseoftheoldleathercontainer.Heaskedhisteacher,”Sir,thewaterwasawful.Whydidyoupretendtolike___38____?”

Theteacherreplied,”Youtastedthewater.Itastedthegift.Thewaterwassimplythecontainerforanactofkindnessandlove.Nothingcouldbe___39___(sweet).”

Weunderstandthislessonbest____40___wereceivegiftsoflovefromchildren.Whetheritisacheappipeonadiamondnecklace,theproperresponseisappreciation.Welovetheideawithinthegiftratherthanthething.10年：31題：The定冠詞。32題：who考定語從句關(guān)系代詞的用法。另，一直在懷疑elder前邊是不是漏詞了…這是高考題，這是高考題……33題：presented考動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。34題：warmly考詞性轉(zhuǎn)換，形容詞變副詞。35題：with考介詞?！伴_開心心地回家了”36題：another讓另一個(gè)學(xué)生喝這個(gè)水。考不定代詞。37題：saying考非謂語動(dòng)詞用法。38題：it考代詞，指物的那個(gè)。39題：sweeter形容詞比較級的用法，“沒有什么比這個(gè)更甜”，“這是最甜的水”40題：when。OneSundaymorninginAugustIwenttolocalmusicfestival.IleftitearlybecauseIhadanappointment16(late)thatday.Myfriendswalkedmetothebusstopandwaitedwithme17thebusarrived.Igotonthebusandfoundaseatneartheback,andthenInoticedaman18(sit)atthefront.He19(pretend)thatatigertoywasrealandgivingitavoice.Hemustbe20(mental)disabled.Behindhimwereotherpeopleto21hewastryingtotalk,butaftersomeminutes22walkedawayandsatnearme,lookingannoyedIdidn’twanttobelaughedatfortalkingtohimbutIdidn’tlikeleavinghim23hisowneither.AfterawhileIrosefrommyseatandwalkedtothefrontofthebus.Isatnexttothemanandintroducedmyself.Wehad24amazingconversation.HegotoffthebusbeforemeandIfeltveryhappytherestofthewayhome.I’mgladImadeachoice.Itmade25ofusfeelgood.laterlaterthatday那天晚些時(shí)候，常見用法，不難。until朋友陪我走到公交站臺(tái)，一直等到公交車到來。sitting現(xiàn)在分詞做賓補(bǔ)，表示正在進(jìn)行。pretended考察時(shí)態(tài)。mentally修飾形容詞，用副詞。太基礎(chǔ)。whom本句為“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，表示人用whom，表示物用which，介詞的選擇根據(jù)動(dòng)詞搭配，本句為talktotheyononhisown=byhimselfanbothbothofus我們大家。