口腔麻醉與拔牙-課件

口腔局部麻醉與拔牙

Orallocalanesthesiaandextractionofteeth1PPT課件常用局麻藥物

LocalanestheticagentLidocaineProcaineBupivacaineTetracaine(dicaine)Articaine(碧蘭麻)2PPT課件口腔局部麻醉方法

表面麻醉superficialanesthesia浸潤麻醉infiltrationanesthesia阻滯麻醉blockanesthesiaorconductionanesthesia3PPT課件4PPT課件阻滯麻醉blockanesthesia上牙槽后神經(jīng)阻滯麻醉Blockanesthesiaofposteriorsuperioralveolarnever腭前神經(jīng)阻滯麻醉Blockanesthesiaofanteriorpalatinenever鼻腭神經(jīng)阻滯麻醉Blockanesthesiaofnasopalatinenerve眶下神經(jīng)阻滯麻醉Blockanesthesiaofinfraorbitalnerve下牙槽神經(jīng)阻滯麻醉Blockanesthesiaofinferioralveolarnerve舌神經(jīng)阻滯麻醉Blockanesthesiaoflingualnerve頰神經(jīng)阻滯麻醉Blockanesthesiaofbuccalnerve5PPT課件6PPT課件7PPT課件8PPT課件上牙槽后神經(jīng)阻滯麻醉Blockanethesiaofposteriorsuperioralveolarnever解剖標志:上頜結節(jié)進針點操作要點麻醉范圍9PPT課件腭前神經(jīng)阻滯麻醉Blockanethesiaofanteriorpalatinenever解剖標志:腭大孔進針點操作要點麻醉范圍10PPT課件鼻腭神經(jīng)阻滯麻醉Blockanethesiaofnasopalatinenerve解剖標志:切牙孔進針點操作要點麻醉范圍11PPT課件眶下神經(jīng)阻滯麻醉Blockanethesiaofinfraorbitalnerve

解剖標志:眶下孔進針點操作要點麻醉范圍12PPT課件13PPT課件下牙槽神經(jīng)阻滯麻醉Blockanethesiaofinferioralveolarnerve解剖標志:下頜孔進針點操作要點麻醉范圍14PPT課件15PPT課件16PPT課件舌神經(jīng)阻滯麻醉Blockanethesiaoflingualnerve進針點操作要點麻醉范圍17PPT課件頰神經(jīng)阻滯麻醉Blockanethesiaofbuccalnerve進針點操作要點麻醉范圍18PPT課件上頜神經(jīng)阻滯麻醉Blockanethesiaofmaxillarynerve

解剖標志:圓孔進針點操作要點翼腭管注射法顴下翼突注射法（顴弓、下頜切跡及翼外板為注射標志）麻醉范圍19PPT課件下頜神經(jīng)阻滯麻醉Blockanethesiaofmandibularnerve

解剖標志:卵圓孔進針點操作要點麻醉范圍20PPT課件局部麻醉的并發(fā)癥和防治暈厥Swoon過敏反應Anaphylaxis中毒Toxication感染Infection血腫Hematoma注射針折斷Breakingtheneedle暫時性面癱Facialparalysis21PPT課件拔牙適應癥Extractionofteeth

IndicationSeverecariesPeridontitisⅢSevereapixDelayeddeciduousteethMultidentinemalposedImpactedteethTraumatismOrthodontictreatmentTeeththatarefociofinfectionExtractionfortreatment22PPT課件拔牙禁忌癥ContraindicationBloodydisease:hemophiliarefactoryanemialeukemiaCardiovasculardiseaseDiabetesmellitusHyperthyroidism:thyr-oidcrisisNephropathyHepatitisPregnancyandmenstruationAcuteinfectionMalignenttumor23PPT課件InstrumentsDentalforceps,elevator,chisel,Gingivalseperator,curette,mallet24PPT課件25PPT課件26PPT課件拔牙的基本步驟分離牙齦挺松牙齒安插牙鉗搖動或扭轉(zhuǎn)拔出拔牙創(chuàng)的處理Cautions27PPT課件各類牙拔除術阻生牙拔除牙根拔除28PPT課件拔牙創(chuàng)的愈合拔牙創(chuàng)出血及血塊形成15’血塊機化（24小時后~一周）骨組織的修復（第六天開始4周）上皮覆蓋拔牙創(chuàng)臨床意義29PPT課件拔牙術的并發(fā)