低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)-英文演講-課件

LOWCARBONECONOMY12020/12/27CONTENTSBackgroundInformationLowCarbonEconomy

inUSLowCarbonEconomy

inUKLowCarbonEconomy

inChinaConclusion22020/12/27精品資料32020/12/27你怎么稱呼老師？如果老師最后沒(méi)有總結(jié)一節(jié)課的重點(diǎn)的難點(diǎn)，你是否會(huì)認(rèn)為老師的教學(xué)方法需要改進(jìn)？你所經(jīng)歷的課堂，是講座式還是討論式？教師的教鞭“不怕太陽(yáng)曬，也不怕那風(fēng)雨狂，只怕先生罵我笨，沒(méi)有學(xué)問(wèn)無(wú)顏見爹娘……”“太陽(yáng)當(dāng)空照，花兒對(duì)我笑，小鳥說(shuō)早早早……”42020/12/27KYOTOProtocolMorethan140countriesacrosstheworld,markedoneofthefirstandthelargestinternationaltreatiesininresponsetoincreasingglobalwarming.ThistreatiesweresignedinKyoto,JAPAN.AProtocoltotheUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange(UNFCCC),aimedatfightingglobalwarming.Additionalmeansofmeetingtargetsthroughthree

marketbasedmechanism:

-Emissionstrading–knownas“thecarbonmarket”-Jointimplementations(JI)and

-CleanDevelopmentMechanism(CDM)52020/12/27KYOTOProtocolPartiestoUNFCCCareclassifiedas:

-Annex1countries–industrializedcountriesandeconomiesintransition

-Annex2countries–developedcountrieswhichpayforcosts

fordevelopingcountries

-DevelopingcountrieslikeIndia62020/12/27KYOTOProtocol72020/12/27KYOTOProtocolThemaingoal,amongothers,oftheKyotoProtocolwastocreatealegallybindingdocumentthatwouldcommitindustrializedcountriestoloweringcarbonemissionby5.2%below1990levels.AmericanleadershavecontinuallystatedthattheKyotoProtocolcouldharmtheAmericaneconomy,costAmericanjobs,anddecreaseproductivitybyuptotenpercentby2010,hencetheyrefusetoratifythetreaty.Bynotparticipationinthetreaty,theUSisdenyingresponsibilityforaproblemtheyhelpedtocreate,weakeningtheirtiestoothercountriesthathaveratifiedthetreaty,andultimatelycausingitselfmoreharmthangood.82020/12/27CARBONTRADINGCarbonemissiontradingisaformofemissionstradingthatspecificallytargetscarbondioxideanditcurrentlyconstitutesthebulkofemissionstrading.ThisformofpermittradingisacommonmethodcountriesutilizeinordertomeettheirobligationsspecifiedbytheKyotoProtocol;namelythereductionofcarbonemissionsinanattempttoreduceormitigatefutureclimatechange.Undercarbontrading,acountryhavingmoreemissionsofcarbon,isabletopurchasetherighttoemitmoreandthecountryhavinglessemissionstradestherighttoemitcarbontoothercountries.92020/12/27CARBONTRADINGCarbontradeinEconomy

-Emissionstradingworksbysettingaquantitivelimitonthe

emissionproducedbyemitters.The‘economic’basisfor

emissionstradingislinkedtotheconceptofpropertyrights.TherighttousethegoodTherighttoearnincomefromthegoodTherighttotransferthegoodtoothersTherighttoenforcementofpropertyrightsPropertyrightsarethetheoreticalsocially-enforcedconstructsineconomicsfordetermininghowaresourceoreconomicgoodisusedandowned.102020/12/27CARBONTRADINGCostandValuation

-Theeconomicproblemwithclimatechangeisthattheemittersofgreenhousegases(GHGs)donotfacethefullcostimplicationsoftheiractions.Therearecoststhatemittersdoface,forexample,thecostoffuelbeingused,butthereareothercoststhatarenotnecessarilyincludedinthepriceofagoodorservice.

-Theseothercostsarecalled‘externalcosts’.Theyareexternalbecausetheyarecoststhattheemittersdonotface.Externalcostsmayaffectthe‘welfare’ofothers.Inthecaseofclimatechange,GHGemissionsaffectthewelfareofpeoplelivinginthefuture,aswellasaffectingthenaturalenvironment.-Theseexternalcostscanbeestimatedandconvertedinacommonmonetaryunit.Theargumentfordoingthisisthattheseexternalcostscanthenbeaddedtotheprivatecoststhattheemittersface.Indoingthis,theemittersfacesthefullsocialcostsoftheiractions.112020/12/27USResponseTheUnitedStatesofAmerica,althoughasignatorytotheprotocol,hasneitherratifiednorwithdrawnfromtheprotocol.President,Georgew.Bushhasindicatedthathedoesnotintendtosubmitthetreatyforratification,notbecausehedoesnotsupportthegeneralidea,butbecauseofthestrainhebelievesthetreatywouldputontheeconomy.ThepositionBushhastakenonclimatechangehasshiftedwithagradualincreasingacceptancethatglobalwarmingisaproblem,andthatitispartlycausedbyhumanactivity.TheUShassignedtheAsiaPacificPartnershiponCleanDevelopmentandClimate,apactthatallowsthosecountriestosettheirgoalsforreducingGHGsemissionsindividually,

butwithnoenforcementmechanism.122020/12/27USResponseBushAdministration

TheUSsignedtheprotocolon12November1998,duringtheClintonpresidency.TobecomebindingintheUS,however,thetreatyhadtoberatifiedbytheSenate,whichhadalreadypassedthe1997non-binding‘Byrd-HagelResolution’,expressingdisapprovalofanyinternationalagreementthatdidn’trequiredevelopingcountriestomakeemissionreductionand“wouldseriouslyharmtheeconomyoftheUnitedState.”Theresolutionpassed95-0.Therefore,eventhoughtheClintonadministrationsignedthetreaty,itwasneversubmittedtotheSenateforratification.132020/12/27USResponseObamaAdministration142020/12/27USResponseObamaAdministration

PresidentObamaistryingtorecoverthepowerofUSinglobalsociety.AsothernationsdisappointedonBush’sUnilateralism,hesuggestedtoestablishnationallawrelatedtoclimatechangeandcarbonemission.Obamathinksthatbenefitscomesfromloweringcarbonemissionisequaltoglobalpublicgoods.EverysinglenationneedtogetthispublicgoodsandthisisNOTthethingwhogetmoreorwhogetless.152020/12/27LowCarbonEconomy

inUKIntheUnitedKingdom,theClimateChangeAct2008outliningaframeworkforthetransitiontoalow-carboneconomybecamelawonNovember26,2008.Thislegislationrequiresan80%cutintheUK'scarbonemissionsby2050(comparedto1990levels),withanintermediatetargetofbetween26%and32%by2020.Thus,theUKbecamethefirstcountrytosetsuchalong-rangeandsignificantcarbonreductiontargetintolaw.162020/12/27GreatriskIfwecouldnotconstraintheglobalgreenhousegasemissions,theworldfacestheprospectofdangerousclimatechange,whichwillhaveunprecedentedimpactsonglobalsecurityandprosperiy.172020/12/27GovernmentapproachInternationalapproach:encouragingtheEuropeanUniontodemonstrateleadershiponclimatechange;influencingglobalpoliticalandeconomicconditionstosecureactionfromothercountriestolimitgreenhousegasemissions;helpingdevelopingcountriestobuildtheclimateresilienceoftheireconomiesandmovetowardslowcarbongrowthinthefuture;workingforacomprehensiveglobalclimatechangeagreement.182020/12/27PrinciplesTheGovernmentisdeterminedthatweshouldaddressthetwinchallengesoftacklingclimatechangeandmaintainingourenergysecurityinawaythatminimisescostsandmaximisesbenefitstooureconomy.192020/12/27Toachievethis,wewillfollowaclearsetofprinciples:Weshouldalwaysaimforthemostcosteffectivemeanstoachieveouraims.Adiverseportfoliooftechnologies,competingagainsteachotherformarketshare,candriveinnovationandcostreduction.Clearlong-termsignalsabouttheregulatoryframeworkcansupportcostreduction.TheGovernmentshouldhelptotacklemarketfailuresandunblockbarrierstoinvestmenttoencouragegrowthinnewertechnologies.Costsmustbedistributedfairly202020/12/27NewlowcarbonjobsThelowcarboneconomyinvolvesarangeofjobtypes.ThedevelopmentandmanufactureThedevelopmentandmanufactureandmanufactureofnewlowcarbonlowcarbonlowcarbontechnologytechnologytechnology.Theimplementationoflowcarbontechnology.ServicesforlowcarbonindustriesServicesforlowcarbonindustriesicesforlowcarbonindustries.212020/12/27ResultssofarAtotalof11,550businessesweredirectlyengagedinthelowcarboneconomyacrosstheUKin2013.Withinthesebusinesses,some269,800peopleareemployedinlowcarbonactivities,afurther190,800areemployedwithinthesupplychain.Thisrepresents1.6%ofUKemploymentin2013.Businessesoperatinginthelowcarboneconomytendtoparticipateinmorethanonelowcarbonsector.Onaverage,eachbusinessoperatesinabouttwosectorsoutofthe24withinthelowcarboneconomy.Thelowcarboneconomyhasshownsignificant,yearonyear,growthovertheperiod2010to2013:employment3.8%,turnover7.6%andGVA8.7%.222020/12/27Roadmap2050(EU)Lowcarbonbuildings:betterinsulatedandmakeuseofSmartMetersandheatingcontrols,andmoreefficientlightingandappliances;Lowcarbontransport:moveawayfromfossilfuelsandtowardsultra-lowcarbonalternatives;Lowcarbonindustry:moreenergyefficientandswitchovertolowcarbonfuelsourcesLowcarbonpowergeneration:renewablescoal,biomassorgas-firedpowerstationsfittedwithCCStechnology;andnuclearpowerLowgreenhousegasagriculrtureandforestry:needtocontributetoreducingemissionsbyadoptingmoreefficientpractices232020/12/27242020/12/27LowCarbonPracticefor2008

BeijingOlympics252020/12/27rideabicycleishelpfultoyourhealthandtotheearth262020/12/27Dalian:low-carbonpublictransportsystemShenzhen:ElectricalautomobilesElectricalcarchargingstationinShenzhenExpressbuslane(left)andhybridpowerbus(right)inDalianLightrailtrains(left)andmetropolitanrailwaymap(right)inDalian27Low-CarbonTransport:Practices2020/12/27LowCarbonOrientation&HighCarbonSyndromeLowCarbonOrientationinEconomyDevelopmentUS5strategicindustries:bio-medicine,newmaterial,Space/aerovation,informationandFinancialservices.Obama:NewEnergyStrategyChinaPromises：40%－45%reductionofCO2intensityby2020Targetsof12FiveYearPlan：by2015from2010,16%decreaseofenergydensity;nonfossilfuel:11.4%。282020/12/27PressureonhighCO2EmissionKeepingfastereconomicgrowthGDP2TrillingRMBin2006、3Trillingin2008,5Trillingin2012,6Trillingin2014CarbonEmissionunderhighpressureEnergyDensityishigheramonydevelopedprovinces：ShanDong（0.855）、GuangDong（0.563）、JiangSu（0.600）、ZheJiang（0.590）292020/12/27MeasuresforShandongLowCarbon

EconomyDevelopment1.ShandongIndustrialStructure:SecondaryIndustryishighest,andheavyindustryishigheramongindustrialstructures（8.6∶51.4∶40.0）.Highenergyintensivesectors:steel:3oftop10inChina,cement:2oftop10,non-ferrousmetal:4ofTop10,Refinery:8oftop10.AchievementsonEnergySavingandEmissionReductionLeadinginES/ER,firstbatchofDemostrationprovinceoncirculareconomy；Leadinginprovincialcompetence,accessedbyCASS.302020/12/27MeasuresforShandongLowCarbon

EconomyDevelopment2.OverallRationaleofLowCarbonDevelopmentinShandongTarget：EnergySaving&EmissionReduction,Eco-Shandong（BlueSky,StarSparkling)Key：Structural

Adjustment、NewEnergy,LowCarbonCity/industrailZone,LowCarbonLifestyleMeasures:CircularEconomy,CleanProduction

GreenConsumption312020/12/27MeasuresforShandongLowCarbon

EconomyDevelopment3.StrategicpriorityinShandongLowCarbonEconomy（1）ImproveIndustrialStructureAdjustIndustrialStructure

PromoteServiceSectors：Openmarkettopublic;Taxsubsidizes;Increasethefiscal,financial,pricesupport;Giveprioritytothesupplyofland;Activelyattracttalents;DeepeningreformandopenpolicyOptimizetheenvironment,standardizemanagementsystem

Fourbig“carriers"(keyprojects,serviceindustry,keyenterprises,keyindustrialpark)Toacceleratethedevelopmentofproducerserviceindustry.322020/12/27MeasuresforShandongLowCarbonEconomyDevelopmentCases：Qindao“BlueSiliconValley”，promoteandaggregatetheblueindustriesOverallIndustrailAggregates：“1district,1areaand1zone”。332020/12/27SolarWaterHeatingInvestmentPVandPVstationInvestment342020/12/27Usinginnovativetechnologies,linkdifferentproductionchains,accordingtoproductcharacteristics,combinescientificallyindustries;Putenterprisesintoeveryrecyclingnodesvi