英語六級閱讀理解真題卷及答案-2

英語六級閱讀理解真題卷及答案-2因考試政策、內(nèi)容不斷變化與調(diào)整，下面是給大家供應(yīng)的閱讀理解范文供參考，以下是我給大家整理的英語六級閱讀理解真題卷及答案-2，盼望可以幫到大家

PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Thepacificislandnationofpalauhasbeehometothesixthlargestmarine

world.thenewmarinereserve,nowthelargestinthepacific,will--26--nofishingormining.Palaualsoestablishedtheworld,firstsharksanctuaryin2024.

Thetinyislandnationhassetaside500,000squarekilometres-80percent-ofitsmaritime--27--,forfullprotection,thatsthehighestpercentageofan--28--economiczonedevotedtoremaining20percentofthepalauseaswillbereservedforlocalfishingbyindividualsandsmall-scale--29--fishingbusinesseswithlimitedexports.

island--30--havebeenamongthehardesthitbythethreatsfacingtheocean,saidpresident.Tommyremengesaujrinastatement.creatingthissanctuaryisaboldmovethatthepeopleofpalaurecogniseas31tooursurvival.wewanttoleadthewayinrestoringthehealthoftheoccanforfuturegeneration

Palauhasonlybeenan_32nationfortwentyyearsandhasastronghistoryofenvironmentalprotection.itishometooneoftheworldsfinestmarineecosystems,withmorethan1,300speciesoffishand700speciesofcoral.

Senatorhokkonsbauleslead33ofthepalaunationalmarinesanctuaryact,saidthesanctuarywillhelpbuilda-34futureforthepalauanpeoplebyhonoringtheconservationtraditionsofourpast.theseincludethecenturies-oldcustomof,whereleaderswouldcallatemporarystoptofishingforkeyspeciesinordertogivefish35anopportunitytoreplenish(補(bǔ)充).

a)allocate

b)celebrities

c)mercial

d)munities

e)essential

f)exclusive

g)independent

h)indulge

i)permit

j)secure

k)solitary

L)spectacle

m)sponsor

n)stocks

o)temitory

Datasharing:anopenmindonopendate

Itisamovementbuildingsteadymomentum:acalltomakeresearchdata,softwarecodeandexperimentalmethodspubliclyavailableandtransparent.aspiritofopennessisgainingacceptanceinthesciencemunity,andistheonlyway,sayadvocates,toaddressacrisisinciencewherebytoofewfindingsaresuccessfullyreproduced.furthermore,theysay,itisthebestwayforresearcherstogathertherangeofobservationsthatarenecessarytospeedupdiscoveriesortoidentifylarge-scaletrends.

theopen-datashiftposesaconfusingproblemforjuniorresearchers.ontheonehand,thedrivetoshareisgatheringofficialsteam.since2024,globalscientificbodieshavebeguntobackpoliticsthatsupportincreasedpublicaccesstoreseach.ontheotherhand,scientistsdisagreeabouthowmuchandwhentheyshouldsharedate,andtheydebatewhethersharingitismorelikelytoacceleratescienceandmakeitmorerobust,ortointroducevulnerabilitiesandproblems.asmorejournalsandmakeitmorerobust,ortointroducevulnerabilitiesandproblems.asmorejournalandfundersadoptdata-sharingrequirements,andasagrowingnumberofenthusiastscallformoreopenness,juniorresearchersmustfindtheirplacebetweenadoptersandthosewhocontinuetoholdout,evenastheystrivetolaunchtheirowncareers.

onekeychallengefacingyoungscientistsishowtobeopenwithoutbeingscientificallyvulnerable.theymustdeterminetheriskofjeopardizingajobofferoracollaborationprosalfromthosewhoarewaryof-orunfamiliarwith-openscience.andtheymustlearnHowtocapitalizeonthemovementsbenefitssuchasopportunitiesformorecitationsandawaytobuildareputationwithouttheneedforconventionalmetrics,suchaspublicationinhigh-impactjournals.

somefieldshaveembracedopendatamorethanothers.researchersinpsychology,afieldrockedbyfindingsofirreproducibilityinthepastfewyears,havebeenespeciallyvocalsup-portersofthedriveformore-openscience.Afewpsychologyjournalshavecreatedincentivestoincreaseinterestinreparopenscience.afewpsychologyjournalshavecreatedincentivesportersofthedriveformeluciblescience-forexample,byaffixingan,badgetoarticlesthatclearlystatewheredataareavailable.accordingtosocialpsychologistbriannoseexecutivedirectorofthecenterforopenscience,theaveragedata-sharingrateforthejournalPsychologicalscience,whichusesthebadges,increasedtenfoldto38%from2024to2024.

funders,too,areincreasinglyadoptinganopen-datapolicy.severalstronglyergement,andsomerequire,adate-managementplanthatmakesdataavailable.Theusnationalsciencefoundationisamongthese,somephilanthropic(慈善的)funders,includingthebillGatesfoundationinseattle,washington,andthewelletrustinlondon,alopendatafromtheirgrantrecipients.

butmanyyoungresearchers,especiallythosewhohavenotbeenmentoredinopenscience.areuncertainaboutwhethertoshareortostayprivate.Graduatestudentsandpostdoes,whooftenareworkingontheirlabheadsgrantmayhavenochoiceiftheirsupervisororanothersenioropposessharing.

somefearthatthepotentialimpactofsharingistoohigh,especiallyattheearlystagesofacareer.Everybodyhasascarystoryaboutsomeonegettingscooped(被搶先),”saysnewYorkuniversityastronomerdavidhogg.thosefearsmaybeafactorinalingeringhesitationtosharedataevenwhenpublishinginjournalsthatmandateit.

researchersatsmalllabsoratinstitutionsfocusedonteachingarguablyhavethemosttolosewhensharinghard-wondata.withmyinstitutionandteachingload,idonthavepostdocsandgradstudents,saysterrymcglynn,atropicalbiologistatcaliforniastateuniversity,Dominguezhills.thestakesarehighertosharedatabecauseitsabiggerfractionofhatshappeninginmylab.

researchersalsopointtothetimesinkthatisinvolvedinpreparingdataforotherstoview.Oncethedataandassociatedmaterialsappearinarepository(存儲庫),answeringquestionsandhandlingplaintscantakemanyhours.

thetimeinvestmentcanpresentotherproblems.insomecases,saysdatascientistkarthikRam,itmaybedifficultforjuniorresearcherstoembraceopennesswhenseniorcolleaguesmanyofwhomheadselectionandpromotionteeshtridiculewhattheymayviewasmisplacedenergies.iveheardthisrecently-thatembracingtheideaofopendatadcodemakestraditionalacademicsunfortable,saysram.theconcemseemstobethatopenadvocatesdontspendtheirtimebeingasproductiveaspossible.

anopen-sciencestancecanalsoaddplexitytoacollaboration.kateratliff,whostudiessocialattitudesattheuniversityofflorida,gainesville,saysthatitcanseemasiftherearetwocampsinafield-thosewhocareaboutopenscienceandthosewhodont.thereanewareatonavigate-areyoucoolwiththefactthatillwanttomakethedataopen?-whentalkingwithsomebodyaboutaninterestingresearchidea,shesays.

despiteplicationsandconcerns,theupsidesofsharingcanbesignificant.forexample,wheninformationisuploadedtoarepository,adigitalobjectidentifier(DOI)isassigned.

ScientistscanuseaDOTtopublisheachstepoftheresearchlifecycle,notjustthefinalpaper.Insodoing,theycanpotentiallygetthreecitations-oneeachforthedataandsoftware.inadditiontothepaperitself.andalthoughsomesaythatcitationsforsoftwareordatahavelittlecurrencyinacademia,theycanhaveotherbenefits.

manyadvocatesthinkthattransparentdataprocedureswithadateandtimestampwillprotectscientistsfrombeingscooped.thisisthesweetspotbetweensharingandgettingcreditforit.whilediscouragingplagiarism(剽竊).saysivogrigorov,aprojectcoordinatoratthenaionalinstituteofaquaticresot

Researchsecreta-incharlottenlund,denmark.hoggsaysthatscoopingislessofaproblemthanmanythink.thetwocasesimfamiliarwithdidntinvolveopendataorcode,hesays.

Opensciencealsooffersjuniorresearchersthechancetolevelthepalyingfieldbygainingbetteraccesstocrucialdate.rossmounce,apostdocstudyingevolutionarybiologyattheuniversityofcambrige,UK,isavocalchampionofopenscience,partlybecausehisfossilothersdata.hesaysthatmoreopennessinsciencecouldhelptodiscouragewhatsomeperceiveasamompracticeofshuttingoutearly-careerscientistsrequestsfordata.

municationalsohelpsforthosewhoworryaboutjeopardizingacollaboration,hesays,Concemsaboutopenshouldbediscussedattheoutsetofastudy.wheneveryoustartaprojectwithsomeone,youhavetoestablishaclearunderstandingofexpectationsforwhoownsthedata,atwhatpointtheygopublicandwhocandowhatwiththem,hesays.

intheend,sharingdata,softwareandmaterialswithcolleaguescanhelpanearly-careerresearchertogainrecognition--acrucialponentofsuccess.thethingyouaresearchingforreputationsaystitusbrown,agenomics(基因組學(xué))researcherattheuniversityofCalifomia,davis,.togetgrantsandjobsyouhavetoberelevantandachievesomelevelofpublicrecognition.anythingyoudothatadvancesyourpresence-especiallyinalargerphere,outsidethemunitiesyouknow-isanetwin.

36.astronomerdavidhoggdoesntthinkscoopingisasseriousaproblemasgenerallythought.

37.someresearchersarehesitanttomaketheirdatapublicforfearthatothersmightpublishsomethingsimilarbeforethem

38.somepsychologyjoumalshaveofferedincentivestoencourageauthorstosharetheirdata.

39.thereisagrowingdemandinthesciencemunitythatresearchdatabeopentothepublic.40.sharingdataoffersearly-careerresearchersthechancetobuildacertainlevelofreputation

41.datasharingenablesscientiststopublisheachstepoftheirresearchwork,thusleadingtomorecitations

42.scientistsholddifferentopinionsabouttheextentandtimingofdatasharing

43.potentialproblemsrelatedtodatasharingshouldbemadeknowntoanddiscussedbyallparticipantsatthebeginningofajointresearchproject

44.sharingdataandhandlingdata-relatedissuescanbetime-consuming

45.juniorresearehersmayhavenosaywhenitestosharingdata.

Sectionc

Directions:thereare2passagesinthissection.eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatementsforeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkeda,b,c)andD)YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswersheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Passageone

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Inthebeginningofthemovie,robot,arobothastodecidewhomtosaveaftertwocarsplungeintothewater-delspoonerorachild.eventhoughspoonerscreamssavehersaveher!therobotrescueshimbecauseitcalculatesthathehasa45percentchanceofsurvivalparedtosarahs11percent.therobotsdecisionanditscalculatedapproachraiseanimportantquestion:

wouldhumansmakethesamechoice?andwhichchoicewouldwewantourroboticcounterpartstomake?

Isaacasimovevadedthewholenotionofmoralityindevisinghisthreelawsofrobotics,whichholdthat1.robotscannotharmhumansorallowhumanstoetoharm;2.robotsmustobeyhumans,exceptwheretheorderwouldconflictwithlawi;and3.robotsmustactinself-preservation,unlessdoingsoconflictswithlawsior2.theselawsareprogrammedintoasimovsrobots-theydonthavetothink,judge,orvalue.theydonthavetolikehumansorbelievethatwrongorbad.theysimplydontdoit.

Therobotwhorescuesspoonerslifein/robotfollowsasimovszerothlaw:robotscannotharmhumanity(asopposedtoindividualhumansorallowhumanitytoetoharm--anexpansionofthefirstlawthatallowsrobotstodeterminewhatsinthegreatergood.underthefirstlaw,arobotcouldnotharmadangerousgunman,butunderthezerothlaw,arobotcouldkillthegunmantosaveothers.

Whetheritspossibletoprogramarobotwithsafeguardssuchasasimovslawsisdebatableawordsuchasharmisvague(whataboutemotionalharmisreplacingahumanemployharm),andabstractconceptspresentcodingproblems.therobotsinasimovsfictionexposeplicationsandloopholesinthethreelaws,andevenwhenthelawswork,robotsstillhavetoassesssituation.

Assessingsituationscanbeplicated.arobothastoidentifytheplayers,conditions,andpossibeoutesforvariousscenarios,Itsdoubtfulthataputerprogramcandothat-aleast,notwithoutsomeundesirableresults.aroboticistatthebristolroboticslaboratoryprogrammedarobottosavehur

oxies(5)calledfromdanger.whenoneh-boheadedfordanger,therobotsuccessfullypusheditoutoftheway.butwhentwoh-botsbecamepercentofthetime,unabletodecidewhichtosaveandlettingthembothdie.theexperiment