英語三大從句概述資料課件

三大從句概述I.簡單句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+謂語II.謂語動(dòng)詞的基本特征：1）唯一性 2）能看出時(shí)間III.什么是從句？“從”說明其地位并不是特別的重要，往往不是一個(gè)句子最核心的部分。尤其是狀語從句和定語從句。如Hegothomewhenhisfathercalledhim.HelostthebookwhichIboughthimlastweek.

Hesaidthatthebookbelongedtohisgrandpa.“句”說明它們與正常的簡單句一樣有著自己的主語和謂語，是一個(gè)完整的有意義的句子。主語在前，謂語在后，即所謂的“陳述句語序”.如 Thisisthemuseumwhichwepaidavisitlastsummer. Hegotmissingwhilehewaswalkingintheforest. MymotheraskedmewhetherIhadusedhercar.從句的分類：狀語從句定語從句

主語從句

賓語從句名詞性從句表語從句

同位語從句

三大從句的共同特點(diǎn)：結(jié)構(gòu)類似---引導(dǎo)詞+主謂結(jié)構(gòu)狀語從句和定語從句都屬于修飾成分，所以可以去掉。陳述句語序

性質(zhì)功能引導(dǎo)詞定語從句形容詞定語（描述某物、某事或某人的特征或者狀態(tài)）that,which,as,whose,who,whom,where,when,why狀語從句副詞狀語（描述動(dòng)作發(fā)生的方式、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等等等等）when,while,because,assoonas,unless,until,before,after……名詞性從句名詞主語、賓語、表語、同位語所有的疑問詞，以及that,if,whether判斷從句引導(dǎo)詞+主語+謂語1.尋找謂語動(dòng)詞2.尋找引導(dǎo)詞Hegothomewhenhisfathercalledhim.HelostthebookwhichIboughthimlastweek.

Hesaidthatthebookbelongedtohisgrandpa定語從句性質(zhì)：等同于形容詞 aninterestingbook=abookwhichisinteresting asadgirl=agirlwhoissad aflyingkite=akitewhichisflying功能：描述某物或某人的特征（如上面的三個(gè)例子）

描述某事特征，如Hefailedintheexam,whichmadehisparentsveryangry.ChangjiangisthelongestriverinChina,asisknowntoeverybody.Asyouknow,watchingtoomuchTVmightdoharmtochildren’seyes.考查熱點(diǎn)：介詞提前（介詞+which，介詞+where，介詞+whom） Ifyouwanttochallengeyourself,youcanclimbontothetopofthemountain,fromwhereyoucanhaveagoodviewofthewholecity.Wegot12goldmedals,8ofwhichwerewonbywomenathletes.2.只能使用that的情況（不定代詞+定語從句，最高級(jí)修飾名詞+定語從句，thevery/theonly修飾名詞+定語從句） Thispassageistheonlywaythatleadstothetoilet.Heistheverypersonthatwearelookingfor.3.way后接定語從句（that或inwhich或者省略）

如：我不喜歡喜歡你跟王老師說話的樣子。Idon’tliketheway__________youtalktoMr.Wang.

你能告訴我他們解決問題的方法嗎？Canyoutellmetheway__________theysolvedtheproblem?4.point,case,situation,stage,occasion連接where所引導(dǎo)的定語從句。如Wearenowinastagewherewehavenorightsatall.Helpwillbeofferedincertaincaseswherepeoplefindithardtoraiseenoughmoney.DuringtheSpringFestival,therearesomeoccasionswherepeoplesendbestwishestofriendsandrelatives.5.只有缺少狀語的時(shí)候才會(huì)用where,when,why引導(dǎo)定語從句。如 Istillrememberthedays______wespenttogether. Thispathleadstothehouse______wevisitedyesterday.6.as引導(dǎo)的定語從句，常見于asyouknow,asisknownto…,ashasbeenexpected,asisreported…..Theseawillbecometerriblyroughwhenthereisatyphoon,asisknowntoallofus.36peoplelosttheirlivesinthataccident,ashasbeenreportedonTV.狀語從句：性質(zhì)：副詞功能：描述動(dòng)作發(fā)生的環(huán)境、狀態(tài)，或讓步假設(shè)等Therainpoureddownwhenwestartedthepicnic.Grassgrowsverywellwhereverthereissunshine.Herefusedtotellthetruth,nomatterhowhardwebeggedhimto.Pleaseremovethosebrickswhicharetoooldwhennecessary.引導(dǎo)詞：不同的功能下會(huì)有不同的引導(dǎo)詞，繁多但易于記憶，不是難點(diǎn)?？键c(diǎn)：1.狀語從句中用一般式表示將來。如：Mr.Zhangwillcometohisparents’rescuewhenevertheygetintrouble.Thebirdwon’tflyawayunlessyouopenthecage.2.so…that結(jié)構(gòu)的倒裝（僅僅只是發(fā)生在主句，狀語從句中不倒裝）如：Thefoodwassodeliciousthatweateituplikehungrywolves.---Sodeliciouswasthefoodthatweateituplikehungrywolves.3.“nomatter+疑問詞”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句=“疑問詞ever”引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句Nomatterhowmuchmoneyhemakes,hewon’tshareitwithhisfamily.=Howevermuchmoneyhemakes,hewon’tshareitwithhisfamily.Nomatterwhereyouare,youwon’tforgetyourmothertongue.=Whereveryouare,youwon’tforgetyourmothertongue.名詞性從句性質(zhì)：名詞性分類依據(jù)-----從句在整個(gè)大句子中充當(dāng)什么成分WhatIlike

themostisreading.ReadingiswhatIlikethemost.Hedon’tcare

whatIlikethemost.Reading,whatIlikethemost,isnowbecomingmuchmorepopularwiththeinventionofe-books.引導(dǎo)詞：最為廣泛，所有的疑問詞，以及that，if，whether考查熱點(diǎn)：引導(dǎo)詞的選擇

依據(jù)：從句中缺少什么信息就使用什么引導(dǎo)詞

易錯(cuò)——what？which？where？what？who？Sanxi,_______ismyhometown,isabitfarfromYangxin.Fewpeoplewouldliketobeteachers,_______isnowahardjob.whatwhat分析下列從句的引導(dǎo)詞，你知道他們各自在從句里所充當(dāng)?shù)氖鞘裁闯煞謫?？Whathesaysisnotright.Whatmakesmehappyisyourarrival.Idon’tknowwhatkindofpersonheis.Myhometownisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.TherearesomanybooksonthedeskthatIdon’tknowwhich

（one）Ishouldchoose.Heisonlongerwhohewas.Canyoutellmewhobuiltthistower?Pleasetellmewhomheistalkingtonow.Whenwewillholdthemeetingisasecret.Wherewewillholdthemeetingisasecret.Howwewillcooperatewiththemisstillbeingunderdiscussion.Howoldheisisnotaquestionnow.Doyouknowhowmanybooksthereareinthebox?What在從句里做主語、賓語、定語、表語which定，主、賓或表，最重要的是必須表示“其中之一”who在從句里做主語，表語，或賓語whom在從句里做賓語when時(shí)間狀語where地點(diǎn)狀語how方式狀語或表示程度分析下列從句中that和if/whether，它們?cè)趶木渲谐洚?dāng)了一定的句子成分沒有？它們有沒有具體的含義呢？HetoldmethathewasborninShanghai.Itiswell-knownthathewritesabookabouttheuniverse.Hissuggestionisthatweshouldfinishourhomeworkimmediately.Thefactthathewasathiefsurprisedeveryone.Whetherheisathiefremainsaquestion.HeaskedmeifIlovedfootball.Myquestioniswhetheryouwillholdthemeetinginourschool.Hisquestionwhetherthemeetingwouldbeheldinourschoolwasverysilly.That在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，也不具備任何含義If在從句中也不充當(dāng)任何成分，表示的意思是“是否”2.whatever既可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句nomatterwhat只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句

類似的還有however,wherever,whenever等等等等如：無論我在哪里，我都不會(huì)忘記那些和爺爺奶奶一起度過的日子。WhereverIam/NomatterwhereIam,Iwon’tforgetthedaysIspentwithmygrandparents.他不相信我說的任何話。Hewon’tbelievewhateverIsay.3.同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別定語從句：描述人、物、事的特征或者狀態(tài)同位語從句：說明名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語從句與定語從句前都有名詞，但是它們?cè)诒硪夤δ苌鲜墙^然不同的：Thefactthatheisathiefsurprisesallofus.Fact,whichshouldhavesomeevidencetosupport,ismorepersuasivethanopinions.Thenewsthatiswidelyspreadingamongusisabouthismother’sillness.Ihaveknownthe