汽車實用英語高職PPT完整全套教學課件

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項目一

汽車的基本結構TheBasicStructureofAutomobile項目一汽車的基本結構項目二發(fā)動機構造與工作過程介紹項目三發(fā)動機燃油供給系統(tǒng)認識項目四發(fā)動機冷卻系統(tǒng)和潤滑系統(tǒng)認識項目五汽油發(fā)動機燃油噴射系統(tǒng)認識項目六發(fā)動機點火系統(tǒng)認識項目七汽車底盤構造認識項目八自動變速器認識項目九制動系統(tǒng)認識項目十轉向系統(tǒng)認識項目十一懸架系統(tǒng)認識項目十二汽車電氣設備和主動安全系統(tǒng)認識項目十三汽車車身電氣設備和被動安全系統(tǒng)認識項目十四新能源汽車介紹

全套可編輯PPT課件學習目標1.認識關于汽車基本組成部分的英語術語和詞匯。2.理解汽車總成及其零部件的固定表達方法。3.運用所學知識，借助專業(yè)詞典，對汽車各總成資料進行中英互譯。4.在教師的指導下，完成與汽車的基本組成及其運行相關的英語資料閱讀和翻譯工作。5.正確完成課后練習

以家用小轎車為例，了解汽車的總體構造及其功用，如發(fā)動機、底盤、電氣設備、車身等，完成相關詞匯、特殊語句的認識。通過完成該任務，能閱讀關于汽車總體構造的英文文獻，并能運用所學項目知識和翻譯技巧對相關文獻進行翻譯。

任務描述引導問題

你知道下圖中的英文單詞是什么意思嗎？TheBasicStructureofAutomobileAtypicalpassengercaroftodaycontainsmorethan15,000separate,individualpartsthatmustworktogether.Thesepartscanbegroupedintofourmajorcategories:engine,chassis,electricalequipmentandbody.1.EngineTheengineactsasthepowerunitlocatednormallyatthefrontofthecar,followedimmediatelybyaclutch,gearbox,propellershaft,universaljoint,differential,backaxle,etc.［1］Theinternalcombustion(IC)engineismostcommonlyusedonautomobile.Itobtainsitspowerbyburningliquidfuelinsidetheenginecylinder.Therearetwotypesofengine:gasoline（alsocalledaspark-ignitionengine）anddiesel(alsocalledacompressionignitionengine).Bothenginesarecalledheatengines.Theburningfuelgeneratesheatwhichcausesthegasinsidethecylindertoincreaseitspressureandsupplypowertorotateashaftconnectedtothetransmission.

課文

2.ChassisThechassisisanassemblyofthosesystemsthatarethemajoroperatingpartsofacar.Itisusuallymadeupofthepowertrainsystemortransmissionsystem,suspensionsystem,steeringsystemandbrakesystems.Thefunctionofachassisistoacceptthepowerofengineandtoensurethatthecarcanrunnormallyaccordingtothedriversoperation.Thetransmissionsystemisaspeedandpowerchangingdeviceandconveysthedrivetothewheels.Itsmaincomponentscomprisethetransmissioncase,inputshaft,outputshaft,counter-shaft,drivinggear,transmissionfork,etc.Acommontransmissionhasageararrangementofneutralposition,reversegear,firstgear,secondgear,thirdgear,etc.Andthereversegearpermitsacartoreverseitsdirection.

Thesuspensionsystemisusedtoabsorbtheroadshocksandreducetheimpactondynamicloadswhicharetransmittedtothesprungweight.Thesprungweight(includingbody,engine,powertrain,etc)issuspendedbythefrontandrearsprings.Thesteeringsystemcontrolsthedirectionofthecar’smovement.Twotypesofsteeringsystemarecommonlyusedoncars:manualsystemandpowersystem.Themanualsteeringsystemiscomposedofsteeringwheel,shaftandcolumn,steeringgearandpitmanarm,steeringknucklesandballjoint,spindleassembly,etc(shownasFigure1-1).Figure11TheSteeringSystemThepowersteeringsystemismadeupofahydraulicpump,fluidreservoir,hoses,apowersteeringgearassembly,etc.［2］Thereareseveralmanualsteeringgearsincurrentuseliketherackandpiniontype,thewormandtaperedpinsteeringgear,andthewormandrollersteeringgear.［3］Allpowersteeringsystemsrequireapowersteeringpumpattachedtotheengine.Mostlatemodelcarswithpowersteeringutilizeeitherapowerrackandpinionsystem,oranintegratedpowersteeringgearsystem.Thebrakesystemslowsdowntherunningcar.Ingeneral,thefrontbrakesofacarare“disc”type,whereinfrictionpadsinabrakecaliperareforcedagainstmachinedsurfacesofarotatingdiscateachwheeltoslowandstopthecar.Therearbrakesare“drum”type,whereininternalexpandingbrakeshoeassembliesareforcedagainstthemachinedsurfaceofarotatingdrumateachwheeltoslowandstopthecar(shownasinFigure1-2).

Figure12TheBrakeSystemThepowertrain/drivesystemdeliverspowerfromtheenginetothewheels(shownasFigure1-3).Thepowerfromtheenginemovesthroughthetransmission.Transmissionsareeitherstandard,withamanualshiftleverandfootclutch,orautomatic.

Figure1-3ThePowerTrain/DriveSystem3.ElectricalEquipmentTheelectricalsystemisoneoftheimportantpartsoftheautomobile,itsperformancedirectlyaffectsthepower,economy,reliability,safety,comfortandemissionperformanceoftheautomobile.Electricalequipmentconsistsofpowergroup,enginestartingsystemandignitionsystem,automotivelightingandsignaldevices,instrumentation,navigationsystem,stereos,phonesandotherelectronicequipment,microprocessors,thecentralcomputerandvariousdevicessuchasartificialintelligencesystem.Theelectricalsystemsupplieselectricityfortheignition,horn,lights,powerseatandwindowadjusters,heaterandstarter.Thelightsincludetheheadlights,parkinglights,directionsignallights,sidemarkerlights,stoplights,backuplights,taillights,andtheinteriorlights.Theinteriorlightscovertheinstrumentalpanellights,variouswarning,indicator,andcourtesylights.［4］Theelectricitylevelismaintainedbyachargingcircuit.Thiscircuitconsistsofthebatteryandalternatororgenerator.Thebatterystoreselectricity.Thealternatorchangestheengine’smechanicalenergyintoelectricalenergyandrechargesthebattery.Starteristheonlywaytostarttheengineforthemoderncar.ItiscomposedofDCmotor,driveandcontrolorganizations.Automotiveair-conditioningistheimportantelectricalequipmentinvehicle,mainlyincludingthecondenser,compressor,evaporatorandreserveliquiddryer.

4.BodyAnautomobilebodyisasheetmetalshellwithwindows,doors,ahood,andatrunkdeckbuiltintoit.Itprovidesaprotectivecoveringfortheengine,passengersandcargo.Thebodyisdesignedtokeeppassengerssafeandcomfortable.Forexample,insulationinthebodyreducesnoiseandprotectsagainstheatandcold.Thebodystylingprovidesanattractive,colorful,modernappearanceforthevehicle.Itisstreamlinedtolessenwindresistanceandtokeepthecarfromswayingatdrivingspeeds.Theautomobilebodyhastwobasicparts:theupperbodyandtheunderbody(shownasinFigure1-4).Figure1-4ThePartofanAutomotiveengine n.發(fā)動機chassis n.底盤assembly n.總成clutch n.離合器gearbox n.變速箱differential n.差速器cylinder n.氣缸transmission n.傳動系，傳動裝置；變速器drum n.鼓式制動器disc n.盤式制動器counter-shaftn.中間軸，副軸navigation n.導航stereos n.音響horn n.喇叭

Newwords

internalcombustion(IC) 內燃機passengercar 乘用汽車，客車propellershaft 傳動軸，萬向節(jié)軸universaljoint 萬向節(jié)backaxle 后橋DCmotor 直流電機powertrainsystem 動力傳動系統(tǒng)transmissionsystem 傳輸系統(tǒng)suspensionsystem 懸掛系統(tǒng)steeringsystem 轉向系統(tǒng)brakesystems 制動系統(tǒng)transmissioncase 變速箱inputshaft 輸入軸outputshaft 輸出軸

PhrasesandExpressions

drivinggear 主動齒輪transmissionfork 變速叉geararrangement 齒輪排列neutralposition 空擋brakecaliper 制動鉗reversegear 倒擋firstgear 一擋pit-manarm 轉向臂steeringknuckles 轉向節(jié)balljoint （轉向節(jié)）球頭spindleassembly 轉向軸總成rackandpinion 齒輪齒條式thewormandtaperedpin 蝸桿錐銷式frictionpads 摩擦墊

1.Theengineactsasthepowerunitlocatednormallyatthefrontofthecar,followedimmediatelybyaclutch,gearbox,propellershaft,universaljoint,differential,backaxle,etc.翻譯：發(fā)動機起著動力單元的作用，它一般位于轎車的前端（發(fā)動機前置），緊隨其后的為離合器、變速箱、傳動軸、萬向節(jié)、差速器和后橋等。2.Themanualsteeringsystemiscomposedofsteeringwheel,shaftandcolumn,steeringgearandpit-manarm,steeringknucklesandballjoint,spindleassemblyetc.Thepowersteeringsystemismadeupofahydraulicpump,fluidreservoir,hoses,apowersteeringgearassembly,etc.翻譯：手動轉向系統(tǒng)包括方向盤、轉向軸和轉向柱、轉向器和轉向搖臂、轉向節(jié)和轉向節(jié)球頭以及轉向軸總成等部件。動力轉向系統(tǒng)由液壓泵、液體儲罐、軟管、動力轉向機總成等組成。Notes

3.Thereareseveralmanualsteeringgearsincurrentuseliketherackandpiniontype,thewormandtaperedpinsteeringgear,andthewormandrollersteeringgear.翻譯：目前（在轎車中）應用的手動轉向機有多種形式，如齒輪齒條式、蝸桿錐銷式以及蝸桿滾柱式等。4.Thelightsincludetheheadlights,parkinglights,directionsignallights,sidemarkerlights,stoplights,backuplights,taillights,andtheinteriorlights.Theinteriorlightscovertheinstrumentalpanellights,variouswarning,indicator,andcourtesylights.翻譯：車燈包括前大燈、駐車燈、轉向信號燈、側燈、停車燈、倒車燈、尾燈和車內燈等。其中,車內燈又包括儀表板燈、各種警示燈、指示燈和門控燈等。

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項目二

發(fā)動機構造與工作過程介紹IntroductiontoEngineStructureandWorkingPrinciple學習目標1.認識關于發(fā)動機構造、四沖程工作過程的英語術語和詞匯。2.理解發(fā)動機中零部件及四沖程工作過程的固定表達方法。3.運用所學知識，借助專業(yè)詞典，對發(fā)動機各總成資料進行中英互譯。4.在教師的指導下，完成與發(fā)動機構造及工作過程相關的英語資料閱讀和翻譯工作。5.正確完成課后練習。

以四沖程發(fā)動機為例，學習有關發(fā)動機構造及四沖程工作過程等知識，如氣缸體、氣缸蓋、活塞、連桿、進氣行程、壓縮行程、做功行程及排氣行程等，完成相關詞匯、特殊語句的認識。通過完成該任務，能閱讀關于發(fā)動機構造及四沖程工作過程的英文文獻，并能運用所學項目知識和翻譯技巧對相關文獻進行翻譯

任務描述引導問題

你知道下圖中的英文單詞是什么意思嗎？IntroductiontoEngineStructureandWorkingPrincipleTheengineisthesourceofpowerthatprovidesthetorqueorturningforcewhichisusedtodrivethevehicle.Enginesinmotorvehiclescanbeinternalcombustion,electricoracombinationofthetwo(knownas“hybrid”).［1］Internalcombustionenginesburnthefuelinsidetheengineusingpetrol,distillateorgas.Electricmotorsuseelectricitysuppliedfromstoragebatteriesfittedtothevehicle.Thebatteriescanbechargedusinganinternalcombustionengine,fuelcell,solarcell,powerregenerationandexternalcharging.［2］Theengineassemblyincludestheengineitselfaswellasallthecomponentsandsystemsneededtomakeitstartandrun.Theseincludethestarting,charging,cooling,ignition,lubricating,fuelandtheexhaustsystems.Figure2-1showsthebasicconstructionofafour-cylinderengine.課文

Figure2-1BasicConstructionofaFour-cylinderEngineEngineConstructionComponentsatthetopoftheenginearetimingbelt,camshafttimingpulley,camshaft,rockerarmsandshafts,intakevalvesandsprings,exhaustvalvesandsprings,piston(shownasFigure2-2).Figure2-2ComponentsattheTopofanEngineComponentsatthefrontoftheenginearepiston,connectingrod,crankshaft,crankshafttimingpulley,timingbelt,crankshaftpulleyandbalancer(shownasFigure2-3).

Figure2-3ComponentsattheFrontofanEngineComponentsattherearoftheengineareflywheel,starterringgear,pistonandConnectingrod(shownasFigure2-4).

Figure2-4ComponentsattheRearofanEngineComponentsatthebottomoftheenginearefourpistons,connectingrods,crankshaft,crankshaftbalanceweights,crankshaftmain-bearingjournals,pulleyandbalancer(shownasFigure2-5).

Figure2-5ComponentsattheBottomofanEngineCylinderBlockThecylinderblockisthelargestpartoftheengine.Ithascylindersinwhichthepistonsoperateandbearingswhichcarrythecrankshaft.Insomeengines,thecylinderblockalsocarriesthecamshaft.Thecylindersandpistonsareintheupperpartofthecylinderblockandthecrankshaftisinthelowerpart.Thislowerpartiscalledthecrankcase.Ithaswebswhichcarrythecrankshaftmainbearings.Thecylinderheadisboltedtothetopofthecylinderblock.Agasket,thecylinder-headgasket,isfittedbetweenthepartstoprovideaseal.Thecylinderheadismadeofaluminumalloy.Itisshapedaboveeachcylindertoformthecombustionchambersinwhichtheair-fuelmixtureisburnt.ValveCoverThevalvecoverfitsontopofthecylinderheadandcoversthevalvemechanism.Thevalvecoverisofaluminumalloy.Agasketisfittedbetweenitandthetopofthecylinderheadtoprovideanoilseal.OilPanTheoilpan,orsump,isattachedtothebottomofthecrankcaseandclosesofftheinternalparts(shownasFigure2-6).Italsoactsasareservoirfortheengineoil.Figure2-6ExternalComponentsofanEngineOilPumpandOilFilterTheoilleavingtheoilpumppassesthroughtheoilfilterbeforeitiscirculatedthroughtheengine.Thefilterremovesparticlesofcarbonorotherforeignmaterialfromtheoil.IntakeManifoldandExhaustManifoldTheintakemanifoldcarriestheair-fuelmixtureintotheengine.Theexhaustmanifoldisontheoppositesideoftheenginetotheintakemanifold.FanThefanatthefrontoftheengineprovidesaflowofairthroughtheradiatoraspartoftheengine’scoolingsystem.WaterPumpThewaterpumpisdrivenbythefanbeltfromthecrankshaftpulley.Itcirculatescoolantthroughouttheengineandradiatorassembly.CrankshaftandBearingsThecrankshaftisfittedtotheengineblock.Itissupportedbythemainbearingstotaketheradialloadsfromtheconnectingrods.PistonandConnectingRodAssemblyThelargeendoftheconnectingrodconnectstothecrankshaftandthesmallendconnectstothepiston(shownasFigure2-7).［3］Thepistonpinconnectsthepistontotheconnectingrod.Thepistonisfittedwiththreepistonrings.Thetoptworingssealthepistontothecylinderwallandpreventcombustiongasesfromenteringthecrankcase.Thebottomringpreventsexcessiveoilfromenteringthecombustionchamberfromthecrankcase.Figure2-7ArrangementofaPiston,ConnectingRodandCrankshaftFlywheelTheflywheelsboltedtotheflangeontherearendofthecrankshaft.Itsfunctionistokeeptheenginerunningsmoothlybetweenpowerstrokes(shownasFigure2-8).Figure2-8Crankshaft,FlywheelandPistonDistributor,CablesandSparkPlugsThedistributorisattherearofthecylinderheadandisdrivenbythecamshaft.Itdistributeshighvoltagetoeachsparkplugattherighttime.Thisprovidesthesparkwhichignitestheair-fuelmixture.Thefiringorderforafour-cylinderengineis1-3-4-2or1-2-4-3.［4］Thisisthesequenceinwhichthepistonsdeliverthepowerstrokes.CamshaftInoverhead-valveengines,thecamshaftislocatedinbearingsinthecylinderblockorcrankcase.Itisdrivenfromthecrankshaftathalftheenginespeed.Asthecamsrotate,theymovethevalveliftersupanddownandthismovementistransferredthroughtheotherpartsofthevalvetraintothevalvesinthecylinderhead.OperationoftheFour-strokeEngineThemostcommonengineisthefour-strokepistonengine.Thesefourstrokesareintakestroke,compressionstroke,powerstrokeandexhauststroke(shownasFigure29).IntakeStrokeTheintakestrokecommencesattopdeadcentre(TDC)withtheintakevalveopenandtheexhaustvalveclosed.Thepistonmovesdownwardstodrawachargeofairfuelmixtureintothecylinderthroughtheopenintakeport.Themixtureofairandvaporizedfuelisprovidedbythefuelinjectionsystem.Figure2-9TheFour-strokeCycleofaPetrolEngineCompressionStrokeWhenthepistonreachesbottomdeadcentre(BDC)andbeginstomoveupwardsonthecompressionstroke,theintakevalvecloses.Theexhaustvalveisalreadyclosed,sothattheair-fuelchargeiscompressedasthepistonmovesupthecylinder.BythetimethepistonreachesTDC,themixturewillbecompressedtoaboutone-eighthofitsoriginalvolume.Thepressureinthecylinderwillalsohaveincreased.PowerStrokeBothvalvesremainclosedduringthepowerstroke.AsthepistonreachesTDCattheendofthecompressionstroke,theignitionsystemproducesasparkatthesparkplug.Thesparkignitestheair-fuelmixture,whichbumsveryrapidlytoproducegasesathighpressureinthecylinder.Theexpandinggasesforcethepistondownthecylinder.Theforceistransferredthroughtheconnectingrodtothecrank-pin,causingthecrankshafttorotate.ExhaustStrokeAsthepistonagainreachesBDC,theexhaustvalveopens,buttheintakevalveremainsclosed.Thepistonmovesupwardsontheexhauststroketoforcetheburntgasesoutofthecylinderthroughtheexhaustport.WhenthepistonreachesTDC,theexhauststrokeiscompletedandsoisthecycle.EngineClassificationForidentificationpurposes,manufacturersclassifyautomobileenginesbytheircylinderarrangement,valvearrangementandtypeofsystemusedtocooltheengine.［5］Enginemanufacturersbasicallyusethreedistinctwaystoarrangethecylindersinanengine:in-line,V-shapeoropposed(shownasFigure2-10).Manufacturersalsoclassifyenginesasbeingeitherair-cooledorwater-cooled.Inair-cooledengines,cylindersarecooledbytheairflowingaround.Awater-cooledengineusesaliquidcoolantasthemediumtoremoveheatfromtheengine.Figure2-10EngineConfigurationsintroduction n.介紹，導言，入門stroke n.沖程，行程engine n.發(fā)動機assembly n.裝配，部件，組合體power n.動力，功率，能量torque n.轉矩，力矩vehicle n.交通工具，車輛motor n.發(fā)動機，汽車combustion n.燃燒electric adj.電的，電動的，充電的hybrid adj.混合的，混合而成的burn vi.&vt.燃燒

petrol n.[英]汽油=[美]gasoline，揮發(fā)油distributor n.分電器battery n.蓄電池Newwords

component n.部分，零件，元件ignition n.點火，點燃lubrication n.潤滑油cylinder n.汽缸，圓筒，圓柱體camshaft n.凸輪軸intake n.入口，進口spring n.彈簧piston n.活塞crankshaft n.曲軸flywheel n.飛輪starter n.起動機gear n.齒輪，傳動裝置bearing n.軸承crankcase n.曲軸箱bolt n.螺釘v.用螺栓緊固gasket n.汽缸墊，襯墊seal n.封條，密封Aluminum n.鋁manifold n.（進、排氣）歧管fan n.扇子，鼓風機，風扇radiator n.散熱器coolant n.冷卻液arrangement n.排列，安排flange n.凸緣，輪緣function n.功能，作用distillate n.餾分油，柴油spark n.火花compress vt.壓縮，濃縮draw v.吸引，吸入port n.通道，港口，端口vaporize vi.&vi.蒸發(fā)，使蒸發(fā)expand vt.使膨脹，擴張crank-pin n.曲柄銷，連桿軸頸automobile n.汽車medium n.媒介，介質solarcell 太陽能電池fuelcell 燃料電池valvecover 氣門室罩aluminumalloy 鋁合金timingbelt 正時皮帶fuelinjectionsystem 燃油噴射系統(tǒng)engineclassification 發(fā)動機分類waterpump 水泵oilpan 油底殼fanpulley 風扇皮帶輪pistonring 活塞環(huán)oilpump 機油泵oilfilter 機油濾清器ignitiondistributor 點火分電器rockerarm （氣門）搖臂internalcombustionengine 內燃機PhrasesandExpressions

air-fuelmixture 空氣燃油混合物（可燃混合氣）intakestroke 進氣行程compressionstroke 壓縮行程powerstroke 做功行程exhauststroke 排氣行程topdeadcentre(TDC) 上止點connectingrod 連桿intakevalve 進氣閥intakemanifold 進氣歧管exhaustvalve 排氣閥bottomdeadcentre(BDC) 下止點sparkplug 火花塞combustionchamber 燃燒室cylinderhead 氣缸蓋cylinderblock 氣缸體mainbearingjournal 主軸承軸頸pulleyandbalancer 皮帶輪和平衡重radialload 徑向載荷ringgear 齒圈1.Enginesinmotorvehiclescanbeinternalcombustion,electricoracombinationofthetwo(knownas“hybrid”).翻譯：機動車的動力裝置可以是內燃機、電動機或者兩者的組合（如所謂的“混合動力”）。語法：knownas譯為“稱為，被認為”。2.Thebatteriescanbechargedusinganinternalcombustionengine,fuelcell,solarcell,powerregenerationandexternalcharging.翻譯：蓄電池可以用內燃機、燃料電池、太陽能電池、再生能量或外部電源進行充電。3.Thelargeendoftheconnectingrodconnectstothecrankshaftandthesmallendconnectstothepiston.翻譯：連桿大端連接到曲軸，連桿小端連接到活塞。Notes

4.Thefiringorderforafour-cylinderengineis1-3-4-2or1-2-4-3.翻譯:四缸發(fā)動機的點火順序為1-3-4-2或1-2-4-3。5.Foridentificationpurposes,manufacturersclassifyautomobileenginesbytheircylinderarrangement,valvearrangementandtypeofsystemusedtocooltheengine.翻譯：發(fā)動機制造商將汽車發(fā)動機按氣缸排列形式、氣門布置形式以及冷卻系統(tǒng)的類型進行分類。語法：foridentificationpurposes作目的狀語。

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項目三

發(fā)動機燃油供給系統(tǒng)認識UnderstandingofEngineFuelSupplySystem學習目標1.認識關于燃油供給系統(tǒng)的組成和作用等的英語術語和詞匯。2.理解化油器式和電子燃油噴射式燃油供給系統(tǒng)的固定表達方法。3.運用所學知識,借助專業(yè)詞典,對關于燃油供給系統(tǒng)資料進行中英互譯。4.在教師的指導下,完成與發(fā)動機燃油供給系統(tǒng)相關的英語資料閱讀和翻譯工作。5.正確完成課后練習。

以汽油發(fā)動機為例，學習有關發(fā)動機燃油供給系統(tǒng)知識，油箱、油系、燃油濾清器、供油管、噴油器、燃油壓力調節(jié)器及回油管以及電子燃油噴射系統(tǒng)等，完成相關詞匯、特殊語句的認識。通過完成該任務,能閱讀關于發(fā)動機的燃油供給系統(tǒng)的英文文獻，并能運用所學項目知識和翻譯技巧對相關文獻進行翻譯。

任務描述引導問題

你知道下圖中的英文單詞是什么意思嗎？UnderstandingofEngineFuelSupplySystemThefuelsystemhasthejobofsupplyingacombustiblemixtureofairandfueltotheengine.Therearetwodifferenttypesofpetrolfuelsystems:systemswithacarburetorandsystemswithelectronicfuelinjection(EFI).CarburetorfuelsystemsandEFIsystemsaredesignedtodeliverthefuelmixturetotheengineinacombustibleform,buteachsystemdoesitinadifferentway.［1］Onebasicdifferenceisthatcarburetorsatomizethefuel,andinjectorsspraythefuel.CarburetorFuelSystemTheconventionalcarburetorfuelsystemconsistsofthefueltank,fuelpump,fuelfilter,carburetor,fuellines,intakemanifoldandaircleaner(shownasfigure31).Aswellasthese,theexhaustsystemissometimesconsideredtobeapartofthefuelsystem.課文

Figure3-1BasicComponentsofaCarburetorFuelSystemFuelTankandFuelLinesTherearethreepipes(orlines)betweenthefueltankattherearofthevehicleandthecomponentsintheenginecompartment.［2］Therearealsopipesorhosesbetweensomecomponentsandtheengine.Thepipesconnectedtothefueltankare:thefuelsupplyline,thereturnline,thevaporlineandotherlines.Thefuelsupplylineisusedtocarryfuelfromthetanktothefilterandthentothefuelpump.Thereturnlinereturnssurplusfuelfromthepump.Thevaporlineventsthefueltanktothecharcoalcanister.Otherlinesconnectthefuelpumptothecarburetor,andthecharcoalcanistertotheengine(shownasFigure3-2).Figure3-2MainComponentsofaCarburetorFuelSystemFuelFiltersAfinegauzefilterisfittedtothesuctionpipeinthefueltank,andalinefilterisfittedinthesupplylinebetweenthefueltankandthefuelpump,orbetweenthefuelpumpandthecarburetor.［3］Thefiltertrapsdirtandwaterthatmayhaveenteredthefueltank.FuelPumpsAsimplifiedmechanicalfuelpumphasaninletandanoutletvalveandaflexiblediaphragmwhichismovedupanddownbytheactionoftherockerarm.Theendoftherockerarmisoperatedbyaneccentriconthecamshaft.CarburetorsThecarburetorprovidesamixtureofairandfueltotheengine.Thisisnotjustamatterofmixingfuelandair,butofmixingthemtogetherintherightproportionstosuitallthedifferentoperatingconditionsoftheengine.ElectronicFuelInjectionSystemEFIsystemsuseinjectorstospraythefuel.Therearetwodifferentsystems:multipointinjectionandthrottlebodyinjection(alsocalledsingle-pointinjection).Inbothsystems,theinjectorsareelectronicallycontrolled.Multipointinjectionisthemostcommonlyused,andconsistsoffueltank,fuelpump,filter,fuelrail,injectors,pressureregulator,aircleanerandducting,throttlebody,airflowmeter,plenumchamber,intakemanifoldandelectroniccontrolunit(ECU)(shownasFigure33).AnEFIsystemcanbeconsideredashavingthreesubsystems,eachofwhichhasanumberofcomponents.Thesesubsystemsare:fuelsupplysystem,airintakesystemandelectroniccontrolsystem.

Figure3-3ArrangementofaBasicEFISystemFuelSupplySystemThefuelsupplysystemconsistsofthefueltank,fuelpump,fuelfilter,fuelsupplypipe,fuelinjector,fuelpressureregulator,andfuelreturnpipe(shownasFigure3-4).［4］Fuelisdeliveredfromthetanktotheinjectorbymeansofanelectricfuelpump.Contaminantsarefilteredoutbyahighcapacityinlinefuelfilter.Fuelismaintainedataconstantpressurebymeansofafuelpressureregulator.Anyfuelthatisnotdeliveredtotheintakemanifoldbytheinjectorisreturnedtothetankthroughafuelreturnpipe.Theinjectorsareconnectedintothefuelrailandsprayfueldirectlyintotheintakeportsoftheengine.Theamountoffueldeliveredbytheinjectorsandtheirtimingarecontrolledbytheelectroniccontrolunit(ECU).Duringcoldenginesstarting,manyenginesincorporateacoldstartinjectordesignedtoimprovestartabilitybelowaspecifiedcoolanttemperature(shownasFigure3-5).Figure3-4MainPartsofanEFIFuelSupplySystemFigure3-5FuelRailandInjectorsforaFour-cylinderEngineTheAirInjectionSystemThepurposeoftheairinductionsystemistofilter,meter,andmeasureintakeairflowintotheengine.Theairinductionsystemconsistsoftheaircleaner,airflowmeter,throttlevalve,airintakechamber,intakemanifoldrunner,andintakevalve(shownasFigure3-6).［5］