【課件】Unit+5+Discovering+Useful+Structures+課件人教版（2019）必修第一冊(cè)

人教版（2019）必修一Unit5

Languages

Around

the

WorldDiscovering

UsefulStructuresDescribe

your

favourite

thingsLearning

objectivesBy

the

end

of

this

section,

you

will

be

able

to:identify and

summarise

the function

of relative

adverbs

in

restrictive

relative

clauses;describe

one

of

your

favourite

memories

with

restrictive

relative

clauses.Review

the

grammar

you

learnt

in

the

last

unit.modify

anounorpronouncan

be

introducedby

relative

pronounsThere

were

deep

cracks

that

appeared

in

the

well

walls.The

number

of

people

who

were

killed

or

badly

injured

in

the

quake

was

more

than

400,000.The

supplies

which

were

provided

to

the

disaster

area

were

collected

from

around

the

country.L

e

a

d

-

i

nrestrictive

relative

clausesprovide

specific

informationthat,

which,who,

whom,whosePresentationLook

atthese

sentences

and

underline

the

restrictive

relative

clauses.

Whatkind

of

information

does

each

clausecommunicate?It

wasatime

whenpeople

weredivided

geographically.Information:

a

time

for

aneventEmperor

Qinshihuang

united

the

seven

major

states

into

one

unified

countrywherethe

Chinese

writingsystem

began

todevelop

inonedirection.Information:

a

locationfor

an

eventThere

are

many

reasonswhypeople

learn

aforeign

language.Information:

a

reason

for

anactionThese

were

animal

bones

and

shells

on

which

symbols

were

carved

by

ancientChinese

people.Information:

a

locationfor

an

action限制性定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1.

when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的用法(1)

當(dāng)先行詞是表示時(shí)間的名詞（如time，day，year，month，week等），且關(guān)系詞在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句用

when

引導(dǎo)。(2)

when可以換成“介詞+which”。The

first

of

October,

1949,

is

the

day

when

(=on

which)

the

People’s

Republic

of

China

wasfounded.1949年10月1日是中華人民共和國(guó)成立的日子。I’ll

never

forget

the

time

when

(=during

which)

we

visited

Xi’an.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我們參觀西安的那段時(shí)間。Do

you

remember

the

day

when

(=on

which)

we

first

met?你還記得我們第一次見(jiàn)面的那一天嗎？注意當(dāng)先行詞是表示時(shí)間的名詞時(shí)

，

既可以用when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，也可以用that或which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)鍵要看關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作何種成分。若關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)

，

則用

when引導(dǎo)

；

若關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，則用that或which引導(dǎo)。Do

you

still

remember

the

days(that/which)

we

spent

together

on

the

farm?你還記得我們一起在農(nóng)場(chǎng)度過(guò)的那些日子嗎？（that

或which

作spent

的賓語(yǔ)）Do

you

still

remember

the

dayswhen

we

chatted

with

each

other

all

night?你還記得我們整夜聊天的那些日子嗎？（when在從句中作狀語(yǔ)）2.

where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的用法當(dāng)先行詞是表示具體地點(diǎn)的名詞（

如place，room，

mountain，airport等）或表示抽象地點(diǎn)的名詞（如case，state，condition，point，situation等），且關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句用where引導(dǎo)。where可以換成“介詞+which”。This

isthe

place

where

(=at/in

which)

wefirst

met.這是我們第一次見(jiàn)面的地方。Thehotel

where

(=at/in

which)

we

stayed

wasvery

clean.我們住的旅館很干凈。Irecently

went

back

to

the

town

where

(=in

which)

my

father

wasborn.我最近回到了我父親出生的那個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)。I’d

like

to

live

in

a

country

where

(=in

which)

there

is

plenty

of

sunshine.我想住在一個(gè)陽(yáng)光充足的國(guó)家。注意當(dāng)先行詞為表示地點(diǎn)的名詞時(shí)，

如果關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，則用that或which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。Hisfather

worksin

afactorywhich/that

makesradio

parts.他的父親在一家制造收音機(jī)零件的工廠里工作。辨析——where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句(1)

where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，為關(guān)系副詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，其前有一個(gè)表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞。此時(shí)，where

可以換成“介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)。where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句只能位于主句之后或句中，不能位于句首。Isthere

a

shop

around

where

(=in

which)

we

can

buy

some

fruit?附近有沒(méi)有一個(gè)商店可以讓我們?cè)诶锩尜I(mǎi)些水果?(2)

where引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)

，

為從屬連詞。where引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句修飾主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，where前面沒(méi)有表示地點(diǎn)的名詞。此時(shí)，where不能換成“介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)。where引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。Where

there

isa

will,

there

isa

way.We

should

go

where

we

are

needed.（諺）有志者，事竟成。我們應(yīng)該到需要我們的地方去。3.

why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的用法(1)

當(dāng)先行詞是表示原因的名詞reason，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句用why引導(dǎo)，且只能引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句。(2)

why可以用for

which

來(lái)代替。That’s

thereason

why

(=for

which)

hemissed

hisbus.那就是他沒(méi)趕上公共汽車的原因。Ididn’t

get

a

pay

rise,

but

this

wasn’t

the

reason

why

(=for

which)

I

left.我沒(méi)有得到加薪，但這并不是我離開(kāi)的原因。注意若先行詞為reason

，

且關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中不作狀語(yǔ)，而是充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，則用that或which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。Thereason

that

he

told

me

yesterday

isa

lie.

昨天他告訴我的理由是個(gè)謊言?！敖樵~+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1.

關(guān)系代詞的選擇“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句

，

也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。在此結(jié)構(gòu)中，先行詞指人時(shí)關(guān)系代詞用whom，不可用who/that；先行詞指物時(shí)關(guān)系代詞用which不能用

that。This

isthe

student

for

whom

I

bought

a

book.This

isthe

ship

by

which

I

went

to

Shanghai.這就是我去上海所乘的船。Thefilm

in

which

he

played

the

leading

role

wasa

great

success.他主演的那部電影非常成功。這就是我給買(mǎi)書(shū)的那個(gè)學(xué)生。2.

介詞的選擇(1)根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與介詞的習(xí)慣搭配來(lái)確定介詞。Isthis

the

car

for

which

you

paid

a

high

price?這就是你花高價(jià)買(mǎi)的那輛車嗎？(pay

...for

sth.)In

the

dark

street,

there

wasn’t

a

single

person

to

whom

she

could

turn

for

help.在漆黑的街上，沒(méi)有一個(gè)她可以求助的人。(turn

to

sb.

for

help)

(2)根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中的主要形容詞與介詞的習(xí)慣搭配來(lái)確定介詞。He

brought

the

result

with

which

the

bosswassatisfied.他帶來(lái)了令老板滿意的結(jié)果。(be

satisfied

with)(3)

根據(jù)先行詞與介詞的習(xí)慣搭配來(lái)確定介詞。先行詞往往是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、方式等的詞。Can

you

tell

me

the

way

in

which

themachine

works?你能告訴我這臺(tái)機(jī)器的工作原理嗎？(in

the

way)Ican’t

remember

the

age

at

which

he

won

the

prize.我記不起他獲獎(jiǎng)時(shí)的年齡了。(at

the

age)(4)

根據(jù)句子的意思來(lái)確定介詞。有些句子中，

定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞/主要形容詞與介詞也不能構(gòu)成固定搭配

，

這時(shí)

，

需要根據(jù)句子所要表達(dá)的意思來(lái)選擇介詞。This

isthe

pilot

with

whom

my

brother

has

worked

for

ten

years.這就是和我弟弟一起工作了十年的那位飛行員。This

kind

of

colorless

gas

without

which

we

can’t

live

iscalled

oxygen.這種無(wú)色氣體被稱作氧氣，沒(méi)有它我們就不能生存。3.

介詞可以后移，此時(shí)關(guān)系代詞可以省略（省略時(shí)，介詞必須后移）。This

isthe

book

for

which

you

asked.

這是你要的那本書(shū)。This

isthe

book

(which/that)

you

asked

for.

這是你要的那本書(shū)。注意有些固定的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)一般不能拆開(kāi)，介詞一般只能放在動(dòng)詞的后面。4.

在“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中

，

介詞也可換成介詞短語(yǔ)

，

如by

means

of

，because

of，at

the

foot

of，atthe

back

of，in

front

of，on

the

top

of

等。若介詞短語(yǔ)表示位置，則定語(yǔ)從句往往用倒裝語(yǔ)序。Sound

is

a

tool

by

means

of

which

people

communicate

with

each

other.聲音是人們互相交流的工具。They

stayed

in

a

big

hotel

in

frontof

which

was

a

garden.他們住在一家大旅館里，旅館前面是一個(gè)花園。P

r

a

c

t

i

c

eUnderline

the

clausesin

the

sentences

and

decide

whether

they

are

restrictive

relative

clausesor

object

clauses.Relative

clauseThereason

why

he

found

German

so

difficult

was

because

of

its

grammar.Object

clauseA:

Have

you

decided

where

we

should

go

for

our

holiday

yet?Relative

clauseB:

After

learning

for

two

years,

I

really

want

to

visit

a

country

where

French

is

spoken.Relative

clauseAccording

to

an

old

story,there

wasonce

a

time

when

the

whole

world

spoke

only

one

language.Object

clauseThis

passage

introduces

how

Chinese

characters

have

changed

over

time.Fill

in

the

table

to

complete

each

phrase

with

a

restrictive

relative

clause.Then

use

the

phrasesto

makecomplete

sentences.the

placewherethe

reasonwhy

I

didn’t

get

apay-rise.I

don’t

know

the

reason

why

I

didn’t

get

a

pay-rise.the

place/timein/atwhichmyfriend

livesI

found

Grandma’s

glassesI

was

on

holiday

the

day

when

the

earthquake

happened.She

works

near

the

place

where

my

friendlives.This

is

the

cupboardGrandma’s

glasses.in

whichI foundthe

daywhenthe

earthquake

happenedComplete

the

passage

with

the

correct

relative

adverbs

or

pronouns.

Add

a

preposition

where

necessary.When

I

started

studying

German,

it

was

a

struggle.

The

words

felt

strange

on

mytongue,

and

the

grammar

would

not

stay

in

my

head.

I

told

my

mum

that

I

wanted

togive

up,

and

that

I

would

never

live

in

a

country

where/in

whichGerman

was

spoken.My

mum

told

me

that

studying

a

language

was

not

just

for

my

future.

It

was

exercise

for

the

brain;

the

more

I

learnt

of

a

language,

the

more

my

brain

would

grow.

And

Iremember

that

day

when/on

whichI

suddenly

felt

like

German

was

no

longer

aforeignlanguage.It

felt

like

my

brain

had

doubledinsize.I

hadfinally

come

toa

placeI

could

think

in

this

foreign

language,

and

I

could

see

the

world

froma

different

point

of

view.

I

felt

as

if

I

had

reached

the

goal

which/that

I

had

beenfighting

for.

I

could

open

a

book

and

see

meanings,

not

just

a

sea

of

words.

I

finallyunderstood

the

reason

why

my

mum

had

encouraged

me

not

to

give

up.Thanks,

Mum!

where/at

whichFill

in

the

blanks

with

the

correct

relative

pronouns

or

adverbs.

Add

a

preposition

where

necessary.Japanese

uses

three

writing

systems,

including

kanji

that/which

originated

(起源)

in

China.Nineteen

fifty-three

was

the

year

when/in

which

Xinhua

Zidian,

or

theNew

Chinese

Dictionary,

first

came

out.Bones

where/on

which

symbols

were

carved

known

as

“oracle

bones”,have

contributed

a

lot

to

our

understanding

ofChina’s

past.There

are

many

reasons

why

English

is

so

widely

used

around

the

world

in

thefields

of

science,

business,

and

more.Sign

language

is

of

great

importance

for

people

who

are

deaf

or

have

poor

hearingWorkbookComplete

the

passage

with

the

correct

relative

pronounsor

adverbs

below.that

when

where

(in)

which

who

whyThe

UnitedNations(UN)

isanorganisation

that/which

aimsto

promote

internationalcooperation.

It

was

founded

in

1945

and

has

about

190

member

states.

This

is

the

reason

why

the

UN

has

a

huge

number

of

translators

and

interpreters,

since

international

meetings

in

the

UN

are

attended

by

people

who

speak

so

manydifferent

languages.

Translators

are

people

who

usually

work

with

writtenlanguage,

while

interpreters

work

with

spoken

language.

Meetings

where/in

which

only

two

languages

are

used

may

need

only

one

interpreter,

while

larger

eventswhere/in

which

leaders

from

many

countries

gather

may

need

over

70interpreters.Complete

the

passage

with

the

correct

relative

pronounsor

adverbs

below.that

when

where

(in)

which

who

whyThere

are

two

main

ways

that

an

interpreter

can

provide

spoken

translation.

First

is

the

method

which/that

requires

the

speaker

to

stop

every

few

sentences

so

the

interpretercan

translate

those

sentences

for

the

audience.

The

second

method

is

the

one

inwhich/wher_e

the

interpreter

listens

and

translates

at

the

same

time.

This

secondmethod

is

more

difficult,

but

the

place

_where/in

which

the

interpreter

is

located

is

notso

important.

The

interpreter

can

be

in

a

completely

different

location

from

thespeaker,

listen

through

headphones,

and

translate

for

an

audience

sitting

in

anotherlocation!Match

the

sentence

parts

with

the

times,

places,

and

reasons.

Then

make

complete

sentences

with

restrictive

relative

clauses.when/prep+which

A

LuXun

wasbornB

I

have

my

debating

class1.(

A )

1881Eighteen

eighty-one

was

the

year

when

LuXun

was

born.( B

)

SundaySunday

is

the

day

when/on

which

I

have

mydebatingclass. where/prep+whichC

the

oldest

written

European

language

has

been

foundDlanguage

is

processed( D

)

the

leftpart

of

the

brainThe

left

part

of

the

brain

is

the

place

where/in

which

language

isprocessed. ( C

)

modern

TurkeyModern

Turkey

is

the

place

where/in

which

the

oldest

writ

en

European

language

has

been

found.Match

the

sentence

parts

with

the

times,

places,

and

reasons.

Then

make

complete

sentences

with

restrictive

relative

clauses.whyE

some

students

like

to

do

volunteer

workF

people

often

choose

to

learn

a

foreign

language( E )

caring

about

othersThe

reason

whysomestudents

like

to

do

volunteer

work

isbecause

they

care

about

others.

OR:

Caring

about

othersisthe

reason

whysome

students

like

to

do

volunteer

work.

( F )

spending

some

time

abroadAreason

why

people

often

choose

to

learn

a

foreign

language

is

to

spend

some

time

abroad.

OR:

To

spend

some

time

abroad

is

the

reason

why

people

often

choose

to

learn

a

foreign

language.

ProductionWork

in

pairs.

Ask

and

answerthe

questions.A:

Whatkindof

day

makes

you

happy?

B:

It’sa

day

when

…A:

What’syour

favourite

place

at

school?

B:

It’s…,because

it

isaplace

where

…A:

Whatkindof

teachersdoyou

like

bestB:

I

like

teachers

who

…A:

Whodoy