組織學(xué)與胚胎學(xué)12 消化腺(中英)

DigestiveGlands消化腺1smalldigestiveglandswithindigestivetractOrgans:majorsalivarygland、pancreas

andliverMajorfunction:excretedigestivejuice，takepartindigestionofdiet23salivaryglands

大唾液腺Parotid腮腺Submandibulargland下頜下腺Sublingualgland

舌下腺4

Generalstructurecompoudtubuloacinargland復(fù)管泡狀腺

acinus腺泡：simplecuboidal、basementmembrane、myoepithelialcell.serous、mucous、mixed。duct導(dǎo)管：

intercalatedduct（閏管）striatedduct（紋狀管）interlobularductandmajorexcretoryduct總導(dǎo)管5(1).

serousacinus漿液性腺泡LM：

nucleus:

oval，nearbaseofthecell

apicalcytoplasm

:acidophilicsecretorygranules

basalcytoplasm

:basophilic

EM：RER，freeribsome;GolgibcomplexFunction:

ptyalin（唾液淀酶）1.

acinus6serousacinus7LM：

nucleus:

flat，nearbaseofthecell

cytoplasm:

palestainedEM：

mucinogen(粘原顆粒)golgicomplexFunction:

secretemucuswithoutptyalin（2）mucousacinus粘液性腺泡8mucousacinus

,HE

staining9demilune（半月）：

severalserouscellsattachtotheendofthemucousacinus，incertainplanesofsection,haveacrescentappearance.Composedofmucouscellandserouscells（3）mixedacinus混合性腺泡10混合性腺泡HE染色11（1）intercalatedduct(閏管)：narrow，simplecuboidalorsquamous（2）striatedduct(紋狀管)：LM：highcolumnar，eosinophilicwithbasalstriations。EM：plasmamembraneinfoldingsmitochondriaFunction：absorbNa+,dischargeK+,adjustquantityofsalivaandelectrolyte（3）interlobularducts（小葉間導(dǎo)管）andmajorduct：

simplecolumnarpseudostratifiedcolumnar

stratifiedsquamous（總導(dǎo)管）2.Duct導(dǎo)管121314characteristicsofthreesalivary

glandsParotid：腮腺

entirelyserousacini漿液性腺,longerintercalatedductandshorterstriatedductptyalin(唾液淀粉酶）腮腺15Submandibulargland：下頜下腺mixed，mainlyserous混合性腺，漿液性腺泡較多，shorterintercalatedductandlongerstriatedductlessptyalinandmoremucus16Sublingualgland：舌下腺mixed，mainlymucous混合性腺，以粘液性腺泡為主，manydemilune，mainlymucus17唾液下頜下腺分泌70%，腮腺分泌25%，舌下腺分泌5%成分和功能：水、粘液－潤滑口腔唾液淀粉酶－分解淀粉溶菌酶、干擾素－抵抗細(xì)菌、病毒

sIgA－漿細(xì)胞和腺細(xì)胞協(xié)同分泌，有免疫保護(hù)作用18

pancreas胰腺19Entirelyserousgland

漿液性腺

1.AciniSerouscellLM：pyramidal，apicalacidopilicgranules，basebasophilicEM：rER，GolgicomplexzymogengranulesF：manykindsofdigestiveenzymewithout

myoepithelialcellhavecentroacinarcell（泡心細(xì)胞）Exocrineportion外分泌部

20Centroacinarcell泡心細(xì)胞LM：lumenofacini,cuboidal,pale-stained,ovoidnucleus.Belongstoepitheliumofintercalatedduct21222324252.Ducts：longerintercalatedductwithoutstriatedductIntercalatedductcentroacinarcell:simplesquamousorcuboidalIntralobularduct:cuboidalorcolumnarInterlobularduct:cuboidalorcolumnarMainduct:主導(dǎo)管highcolumnarwithgobletcells

262728Endocrineportionpancreasislet

(胰島)，scattered，differentsizes，cellsarrangedinirregularcords，pale-stained；mainlyhavefourkindsofcells：A、B、DandPP。29301、A

cells

LM：15%-20%，larger，peripherally-locatedEM：secretorygranules：crescentinterspaceFunction：glucagon（高血糖素）→glycogenolysis↑,glycogenesis↓

→bloodsugarlevel↑312、Bcells

LM：60%-75%，central-located，smallerEM：secretorygranules：oneormore、dense、

rodorirregularcrystalcores.Function：

insulin（胰島素）→glycogenesis

↑→bloodsugarlevel

↓

deficiency→

diabetes（糖尿?。?23、DcellsLM:5%，scatterbetweenAandBcellsEM:gapjunction,granules:homogeneouswithlowelectrondensityFunction:

somatostatin（生長抑素），↓activityofA、BandPPcell334、PPcells

few，2-5%,smallsecretoryglanules→pancreaticpolypeptide（胰多肽）→pancreaticjuiceexcretion↓↓

vermiculationofstomachandintestion↓↓

gallbladdercontractionandbileejection↓↓

抑制胃腸運(yùn)動、胰液分泌及膽囊收縮5、D1cells

→vasoactiveintestinalpeptide,VIP（血管活性腸肽）→pancreaticjuiceexcretion↑↑

insulinandglucagon↑↑34

liver肝豬肝35人肝36

hepaticlobule肝小葉

一個(gè)中心，四個(gè)網(wǎng)

Centralvein

中央靜脈

Hepaticcord肝細(xì)胞索

Hepaticsinusoid肝血竇

Perisinusoidalspace竇周隙

Bilecanaliculus膽小管

373839centralvein中央靜脈微靜脈40Hepaticplate肝板Hepaticcord肝索界板：肝小葉周邊的肝板，肝細(xì)胞較小，嗜酸性較強(qiáng)41LM：large,polygonal;1-2nucleus,central-located;eosinophilicwithscatterdbasophilicmaterial.Hepatocyte肝細(xì)胞42EM：1、richinorganellesandinclusionsmitochondriarER、ribosome、golgicomplex→合成蛋白質(zhì)，如血漿白蛋白、纖維蛋白原、凝血酶原、脂蛋白、補(bǔ)體蛋白和許多載體蛋白。sER→多種酶系分布→膽汁合成，膽紅素、脂類與激素的代謝和有毒物質(zhì)的生物轉(zhuǎn)化等。

Lysosome：膽色素代謝、轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)，鐵貯存，肝細(xì)胞結(jié)構(gòu)更新Microbodies：含過氧化物酶，過氧化氫酶，黃嘌呤氧化酶

inclusions：糖原、脂滴、色素等2、threekindsoffunctionalsurface：

hepatocyte

connectingsurface細(xì)胞連接面：junctioncomplex

sinusoidsurface血竇面：microvilli

bilecanaliculussurface膽小管面：microvilli434445BetweenHepaticplate,irregulardilatedEndothelialcell:Flatandthin,fenestratedwithoutdiaphragm,pinocytoticvesicles.Nobasementmembrane,fewelasticfiber.Hepaticsinusoid肝血竇46Kupffercells:belongsto

mononuclearphagocyticsystem肝巨噬細(xì)胞lumenofthesinusoid，largerandirregular,processesadheretoendothelialcells，orprotrudeintoperisinusoidalspace.Function:phagocytosis，antigenpresentation47肝血竇內(nèi)大顆粒淋巴細(xì)胞（NK細(xì)胞）：，溶酶體豐富，抵御病毒感染及防止肝腫瘤發(fā)生有重要功能4849Location：betweensinusoidendothelialcellsandhepatocytes。肝細(xì)胞與血竇內(nèi)皮間的腔隙Constitution:filledwithplasm血漿microvilli微絨毛ofhepatocyteonsinusoidsurfacefat-storingcell(貯脂細(xì)胞)→VitAstorageinpathologiccondition

→collagenandgroundsubstancereticularfiber網(wǎng)狀纖維Function：Amaterial-exchangingplacebetweenhepatocytesandbloodPerisinusoidalspace竇周隙505152人肝貯脂細(xì)胞電鏡像N貯脂細(xì)胞核，L脂滴53Bilecanaliculi膽小管Situation:smallcanalformedbygroovesinthetwoapposingcellsnetwork相鄰肝細(xì)胞質(zhì)膜局部凹陷圍成的微細(xì)管道，連接成網(wǎng)EM：microvilliofhepatocyte

canaliculussurface腔面有微絨毛tightjunctionanddesmosomeconnectingsurface連接復(fù)合體545556→TEM透射電鏡SEM掃描電鏡→57Betweenhepaticlobules,triangleorirregularCTareainterlobularV

PortalV小葉間靜脈interlobularA

HepaticA小葉間動脈interlobularbileduct小葉間膽管

Hepatic

ductportalarea門管區(qū)585960BloodVessels

portalVInterlobularVTerminalportalvenule

sinusoid

centralvein

sublobularvein

hepaticvein

hepaticAInterlobularATerminalhepaticarteriole61intrahepaticbileductscentralperipheralBilecanaliculi

canalofhering

interlobularbileduct

leftandrighthepaticduct62portallobuleandliveracinus門管小葉和肝腺泡，門管小葉（portallobule）是以門管區(qū)內(nèi)的膽管為中心的三角形柱狀體，三個(gè)角緣處為相鄰肝小葉的中央靜脈，門管小葉內(nèi)的膽汁從周邊流向中央，匯入小葉中央的膽管（即小葉間膽管）。故門管小葉的概念是強(qiáng)調(diào)肝的外分泌性質(zhì)。63肝腺