高一定語從句詳細講解課件

定語從句theattributiveclause定語從句theattributiveclause1DiscussionWhataretheywearing?Canyoudescribetheteamusingattributives?DiscussionWhataretheywearin2theredteam2.theteaminred3.theteamwhoarewearingredAttributivestheredteamAttributives3AttributiveclauseQuestion:Whichisanattributiveclause?Theredteam2.Theteaminred3.TheteamwhoarewearingredprepositionalphraseattributiveclauseadjectiveAttributiveclauseQuestion:W4IntroductionAnattributiveclausemodifiesanouninthesamewaythatanadjectiveorprepositionalphrasedoes.Thenounitmodifiesiscalledanantecedent.eg.

TheteamwhoarewearingredIntroductioneg.Theteamwhoa5RelativesTheattributiveclausesareusuallyintroducedbyrelativepronslikewhich,that,who,whom，asandwhose,orrelativeadverbslikewhere,whyandwhen.RelativesTheattributiveclaus6Intheattributiveclausestherelativewordsusuallyfunctionasthe:subject,object,predicative,attribute,adverbialFunctionseg.

TheteamwhoarewearingredsubjectIntheattributiveclausesthe7被修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞，定語從句置于先行詞之后，一.定語從句概述在復合句中，修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。關(guān)系代詞:關(guān)系副詞:that,which,who,whom,as,whosewhen,where,why1.定義:2.位置:由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導。3.引導詞:被修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞，一.定語從句概述在復合句中，修8二.定語從句的分類限制性定語從句：非限制性定語從句:對先行詞起限定,區(qū)分的作用,并與先行詞有著不可分割的關(guān)系，如果省去，剩下的部分意義就會不完整或不清楚。對先行詞作進一步的說明和描述,如果省去,剩余仍然意義完整,表達清楚。非限制性定語從句的前后往往有逗號隔開。二.定語從句的分類限制性定語從句：非限制性定語從句:對先行詞9MybrotherwholivesinNewYorkhassixchildren.Mybrother,wholivesinNewYork,hassixchildren.（可能還有其他兄弟）（只有這一個兄弟）Thosewhowanttogopleaseputupyourhands.They’llflytoKunming,wherethey’llstayfortwoorthreedays.注意：that不能引導非限制性定語從句。MybrotherwholivesinNewYo10注意：◆先行詞是定語從句的一部分，但不會出現(xiàn)在定語從句中，常常被關(guān)系詞所替代?！絷P(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞和定語從句之間，起連接作用;同時又代替先行詞在從句中充當成分。注意：◆關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞和定語從句之間，起連接作11a.Theyplantedthetrees.b.Thetreesdon’tneedmuchwater.Theyplantedthe

trees

that/which

don’tneedmuchwater.2.a.Thestoryisveryinteresting.b.Tomreadthestoryjustnow.The

story

that/whichTomreadjustnowisveryinteresting.3.Thevillageisnolongerthe

one

that

itusedtobe.主語賓語表語a.Theyplantedthetrees.They123.a.Canyouseethewhitehouse?b.Itswindowsfacesouth.Canyouseethe

white

house

whose

windowsfacesouth?4.a.TheboyisJane’sbrother.b.Hebrokethewindowlastnight.The

boy

whobrokethewindowlastnightisJane’sbrother定語主語3.a.Canyouseethewhiteho135.a.Thegirlisafamousactor.b.Wemetthegirlinthegym.The

girl

whomwemetinthegym

isafamousactor.6.a.Thisistheschool.b.Itaughtintheschool3yearsago.Thisistheschool

whereItaught3yearsago.賓語地點狀語5.a.Thegirlisafamousact147.a.Istillremembertheday.b.WecametoChinaonthatday.Istillremembertheday

whenwecametoChina.8.a.Thisisthereason.b.Hewaslateforclassforthatreason.Thisisthereason

whyhewaslateforclass.時間狀語原因狀語7.a.Istillremembertheday15三.關(guān)系代詞引導的定語從句關(guān)系代詞which,that,who,whom在

定語從句中代替先行詞,作主語或賓語;

whose在從句中充當定語三.關(guān)系代詞引導的定語從句關(guān)系代詞which,that16

1.that:在從句中作主語或賓語，指人和物.作主語時不可省略，作賓語可省略。1)Aplaneisamachine

that

canfly.

2)The

noodles(that)

Icookedweredelicious.3)Let’sasktheman

thatisreadingthebookoverthere.4)Thegirl(that)wesawyesterdayisJim’ssister.主語賓語主語賓語注意；當先行詞指物時，that可用which替代,當先行詞指人時，that常用whom替代that前不可放入介詞；有時可作表語。1.that:在從句中作主語或賓語，指人和物.1)A172.which指物,在從句中作主語或賓語作賓語時which可省略,但如果介詞提前which則不能省.1)Thatanimal

whichlookslikeabigmouseisLee’s.2)AweeklaterMikereceivedthecamera

(which)shehadordered.3)Isthisthelibrary

(which)youborrowbooksfrom?4)Isthisthelibrary

fromwhichyouborrowbooks?2.which指物,在從句中作主語或賓語1)Th183.who:指人,在從句中作主語,不可省略

whom:指人，在從句中作賓語，可省略（如果介詞提前，whom不可省略)Theman

who

Italkedwithisourteacher.Aperson

whostealsthingsiscalledathief.注意：在口語中，?？捎脀ho來代替whom,但介詞后不能用who,只能用whom.Theman

(whom/who)ItalkedtoisMr.Li.Theman

towhomItalkedisMrLi.3.who:指人,在從句中作主語,不可省略Them194.whose:指從屬關(guān)系,在定語從句中作定語,先行詞可以是人，也可以是物。

Eg.Theboy

whosemotherteachesus

ChineseisJack.Haveyouseenadictionarywhose

coverisblue?注意：whose+n=the+n.+ofwhich或=ofwhich+the+n.Thehousewhoseroofwasdamagedhasnowbeenrepaired.thecoverofwhichisblueofwhichtheroofwas..4.whose:指從屬關(guān)系,在定語從句中作定語,E20引導限制性定語從句時,既可指人,也可指物,在句中可作主語和賓語。但先行詞必須有such或thesame或用于as/so…as結(jié)構(gòu)中。5.關(guān)系代詞as用法：eg.Suchteachersasheknowsarekindtohim.Iwanttobuythesamepenasyouareusing.Hecanliftsoheavyastoneasnooneelsecan.Hewillmarryasprettyagirlashecanfind.Letkidsreadsuchbooksaswillmakethemwise.引導限制性定語從句時,既可指人,也可指物,在句中可作主語21關(guān)系代詞指代充當成分whichthatwhowhomwhoseas物物人主語賓語人主語人賓語人/物的所屬關(guān)系定語人/物主語/賓語關(guān)系代詞指代充當成分whichwhowhomwhoseas物22鞏固練習用兩個簡單句用定語從句來改寫成一個句子。鞏固練習用兩個簡單句用定語從句來改寫成一個句子。23a.Onhiswebsite,wesawsomephotos.b.Mr.LitookthesephotosinEurope.OnMr.Li’swebsitewesawsomephotos

that/which

hetookinEurope.2.a.OnthewayhomeIsawsometrees.b.Theirleaveswereeatenupbyinsects.

OnthewayhomeIsawsometrees

whoseleaveswereeatenupbyinsects賓語定語a.Onhiswebsite,wesawsome243.a.Themanisstandingoverthere.b.Themanhitmehardjustnow.Themanwho

hitmehardjustnowisstandingoverthere.4.a.Whereisthebook?b.Iboughtthebook4daysago.

Whereisthebookwhich/thatIbought4daysago.主語賓語3.a.Themanisstandingover255.a.Theboyisourmonitor.b.MrGreenistalkingtohim.Theboytowhom

Mr.Greenistalking

isourmonitor.賓語Theboywho/whom/that

Mr.Greenistalkingtoisourmonitor.6.a.Pleasepassmethebook.b.Itscoverisgreen.Pleasepassmethebook

whosecoverisgreen.定語5.a.Theboyisourmonitor.T267.a.Manyyoungmenprefersuchsongs.b.ThosesongsaresungbytheiridolsManyyoungmenprefersuchsongs

asaresungbytheiridols8.a.Ilikethepen.b.ThepenwasgiventomeasagiftbyTom.Ilikethepen

which/thatwasgiventomeasagiftbyTom.主語主語7.a.Manyyoungmenprefersu27PracticeTheman_________standsthereisTom.Thegirl____________ImetisMsLi.Theboy________watchwaslostisTom.Thebook_________liesonthedeskishis.Thepen___________youboughtisgood.Themagazine________coverisredisnice.who/that(whom/that)whosewhich/that(which/that)whosePracticeTheman_________stand28Ex1(09湖南26)

IwasborninNewOrleans,Louisiana,acity______namewillcreatapictureofbeautifultreesandgreengrassinourmind.A.whichB.ofwhichC.thatD.whoseDEx2(04上海)Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone_____theycantalkfrequently.A.whoB.as C.aboutwhichD.withwhom

DEx1(09湖南26)DEx2(04上海)American29Ex3.Asateacher,Iseldomgivemystudentssodifficultaproblem_____theycannotworkout.A.thatB.itC.whichD.asDEx4(09天津5)

Aperson_____e-mailaccountisfullwon’tbeabletosendorreceiveanyemails.A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.whoeverCEx3.Asateacher,Iseldomgiv30Ex5(06福建22)

Lookout!Don’tgettooclosetothehouse____roofisunderrepair.A.whoseB.whichC.ofwhichD.thatAEx6.(05浙江2)

Jimpassedthedrivingtest,____surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.A.whichB.thatC.thisD.itAEx7.(05北京)Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarm____wevisited3mothsago?A.whereB.whenC.thatD.whatCEx5(06福建22)Lookout!Don’tg31Ex8.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyone____familywaspoor.A.ofwhomB.whom C.whoseD.ofwhose

CEx9.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson____shecouldturnforhelp.tothatB.towhichC.towhoD.towhomDEx8.Hisparentswouldn’tleth32II.幾種特殊情況1.which/that的用法區(qū)別只能用that引導定語從句的情況只能用which引導定語從句的情況2.who/that的用法區(qū)別3.which/as的用法區(qū)別4.theway引導的定語從句的考查II.幾種特殊情況1.which/that的用法區(qū)331.which,that的用法比較

which,that都可用來指物，一般情況下可互換，但在下列情況下有不同要求：1.which,that的用法比較which,th34▲1).在下列情況中,只能用that,不用which：①當先行詞是all,alot,(a)little,few,much,none,anything,something,everything,nothing等不定代詞時Eg.Allthatwehavetodoistopracticeiteveryday.②當先行詞被all,any,no,much,little,few,some,every等限定詞所修飾時。如：

Weheardclearlyeveryword

thathesaid.▲1).在下列情況中,只能用that,不用which：35③當先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞所修飾時。The

first

thingthatshouldbedone

istogetthetickets.WhenpeopletalkaboutHangzhou,

thefirst

thatcomestomind

istheWestLake.④當先行詞被thevery,theonly,thelast等所修飾時。如：Thisisthe

very

book

that

Iwanttofind.ThatisthelastthingthatI’lldo.③當先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞所修飾時。36⑤當先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級所修飾時，如：Isthat

thebest

thatyoucando?That’s

themostexpensive

hotel

thatwe’veeverstayedin.Thisnovelis

thesecondbestone

thatIhaveeverread.⑤當先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級所修飾時，如：37⑥當先行詞既有人又有物時Theguestsspokehighlyof

thechildrenandtheirperformances

that

theysawattheChildren’sPalace.⑦當主語是以which或who開頭的特殊疑問句時,用that避免重復。如：Which

isthe

car

that

killedtheboy?Whoisthemanthat

issittingthere?⑧或充當從句的表語時Eg.They’renolongerthementhattheyused

tobe.

⑥當先行詞既有人又有物時⑧或充當從句的表語時38▲2)只用which作關(guān)系代詞的場合：①關(guān)系詞前有介詞，只用which。Eg.Thisisthetopicabout

whichwe

havetalkedalot.②引導非限制性定語從句，which可代表先行詞或前句，譯成‘‘這一點，這件事’’。Eg.Tomcame,whichmadeushappy.③當先行詞是that,those時,引導詞用which。Eg.Whatisthatwhichwasputinthecar?▲2)只用which作關(guān)系代詞的場合：③當先行詞是that39Ex1(05浙江卷).Jimpassedthedrivingtest,______surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.A．whichB．that C．thisD．itEx2(04北京春季)Luckily,we’dbroughtaroadmapwithout______wewouldhavelostourway.A.itB.thatC.thisD.whichADEx1(05浙江卷).Jimpassedthedr40▲在下列情況中,只能用who,不用that：2.who,that指代人時的用法比較①當先行詞是one,ones,anyone,he,those時Thosewho

daretobreakthelawwillbepunished.Anyonewhodoesthatmustbemad.②用于therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中Thereisamanwhowantstoseeyou.③who可引導非限制性定語從句。He,

wholedthecountry,wasshotonApril14.▲在下列情況中,只能用who,不用that：2.wh41PracticeThisisthebestfilm_______I’veseen.Thatisthelastlesson______Igaveyou.Thisistheverybook______I’mafter.Thatisjustthecoat______colorisred.Thatistherightplace______heworks.Istillremembertheschoolsandboys______Imetthere.(that)(that)(that)whosewhere(that)PracticeThisisthebestfilm427.Everything______yousaidistrue.8.Whichisthebook_____youwant?9.Whoisthegirl______sitsthere.10.All_____hesaidistrue.11.All_____issaidbyhimistrue.12.Arethereanyproblems____troubleyou?(that)(that)that(that)thatthat7.Everything______yousaid43鞏固練習：用關(guān)系代詞填空Hisparentswouldn’tlethimplaywithanyone_____scoreswerepoor.2.Thereisonlyonedishonthetable____Iwanttoeat.whosethat3.Suchopinions_____heholdssoundverystrangetoordinarypeople.4.Sheheardabignoise,_____broughtherheartintohermouth.aswhich鞏固練習：用關(guān)系代詞填空Hisparentswouldn445.Shetalkedofsomemenandworks_____interestedherverymuch.that6.Whoistheman_____haswhitehair?that7.Those_____learnnotonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.who8.Thisisthebiggestmap_____Ihaveeverread.that9.Wearefacingthesameproblem_____wedidyearsago.as5.Shetalkedofsomemenand4510.InthisfactoryIsawmuch_____wasdifferentfromours.that11.Thefirstlesson_____Ilearnedwillneverbeforgotten.that12.Ihavereadallthebooks_____yougaveme.that13.Whichofus_____knowssomethingaboutphysics?that14.He_____doesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.who10.InthisfactoryIsawmuch463.theway引導的定語從句Idon’tliketheway.Youtreatyourmotherinthisway.→Idon’tlikethewaythatyou

treatyourmother.inwhich/不填3)Thisistheway.4)Thegirlcanthinkoftheway.→Thisistheway(that/which)thegirlcanthinkof.3.theway引導的定語從句Idon’tlike47Ex1.(04湖北29)Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut______hesaidit.A.theway B.inthewaythat C.inthewayD.thewaywhichEx2.Thisisnottheway____ishelpfulinthismatter.A./B.whichC.inwhichD.whatAB▲theway后的定語從句用inwhich或that還是用that/which主要看其在從句中充當主語或賓語還是方式狀語。Ex1.(04湖北29)Whatsurprisedme484.注意thesame…that/thesame…as的區(qū)別當先行詞被

thesame

所修飾時,關(guān)系詞既可以用

as,也可以用that.在表示具體事物時，有時兩者有一定的區(qū)別。一般說來，表示同一種類多用

as，表示同一事物多用

that。ThisisthesamepenthatIusedyesterday

這就是我昨天用過的那支鋼筆。Thisis

thesamepen

asIusedyesterday.這支鋼筆跟我昨天用過的那支鋼筆一樣。4.注意thesame…that/thesam49ThisisthesamewatchasIlost.

ThisisthesamewatchthatIlost.▲thesame…that…：

thesame…as…：

強調(diào)同一性強調(diào)相似性ThisisthesamewatchasIl505.注意such…as定語從句與such…that結(jié)果狀語從句的區(qū)別Thisbookiswrittenin

sucheasyEnglish

as

beginnerscanunderstand.Thisbookiswrittenin

such

easyEnglish

that

beginnerscanunderstandit.定語從句結(jié)果狀語從句such/so…as:as要在從句中充當主語或賓語such/so…that:that不在從句中充當成分5.注意such…as定語從句與such…that定語從句51Heissocleveraboythatwealllikehim.Heissocleveraboyaswealllike.結(jié)果狀語從句定語從句Heissuchacleverboythatwealllikehim.Heissuchacleverboyaswealllike.結(jié)果狀語從句定語從句Heissocleveraboythatwe52Ex1.Heissuchalazyman_____nobodywantstoworkwith______.as;himB.that;/C.as;/D.whom;himCEx2.MrsBlacktookthepolicebackto_____place_____shewitnessedtherobbery.A.thesame;asB.thesame;whereC.thesame;thatD.asthesame;asBEx1.Heissuchalazyman____536.as與which引導非限制性定從的區(qū)別▲不同點：(1)as:引導的非限制定語從句可放在主句之前,主句句后或主句之間。

which：引導的非限制定語從句只能位于主句之后?！嗤c：兩者都可引導非限制性定語從句,

代表前面主句整個句子或部分內(nèi)容。6.as與which引導非限制性定從的區(qū)別▲不同點54Chinaisagreatsocialistcountry,asweallknow.Asisknowntoall,Robertisgoodatmaths.Einstein,asweallknow,isafamousscientist.Hesoldhisbike,whichsurprisedmealot.Chinaisagreatsocialistco55(2)as:引導的從句往往起連接上下文的作用,表達說話人的觀點，看法；并指出主句內(nèi)容的根據(jù)或出處?！纭?/p>

which:引導的從句在意義上相當于一個并列句,可用andthis代替,譯作‘‘這件事’’。

Eg.Heisverycareful,as

hisworkshows.Hepassedtheexam,which

surprisedus.(2)as:引導的從句往往起連接上下文的作56(3)as在從句中作主語時，后面常接動詞的被動態(tài),且as后面的謂語動詞多是see,know,expect,say,mention,report等;如果從句中行為動詞是主動態(tài),一般用which。Eg.

Shehasbeenabsentagain,asisexpected.Tomhasmaderapidprogress,whichmakesmehappy.(4)當非限制性定語從句為否定時,常用which.Eg.MrSmithusuallypraiseshisstudentRoseinpublic,whichshedoesn’tlikeatall.Shetreatsmelikeababy,whichIcan’tbear.(3)as在從句中作主語時，后面常接動詞的被動態(tài),且57as常用于以下固定結(jié)構(gòu)中：asweallknow=asisknowntoallaseverybodyknowsasweallcanseeasoftenhappensashasbeenpointedoutasmightbeimagined/expectedashasbeensaidabove/beforeasisoftenthecase,thesame…assuch…asas常用于以下固定結(jié)構(gòu)中：58Ex1.(06江蘇29）Theownerofthecinemaneededtomakealotofimprovementandemploymorepeopletokeepitrunning,_____meantspendingtensofthousandsofpounds.A.whoB.thatC.asD.whichDEx2.(04江蘇33）_____isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.A.WhichB.AsC.WhenD.WhatBEx1.(06江蘇29）DEx2.(04江蘇33）____59Ex3(01全國).

_____isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsaroundtheearthonceeverymonth.

A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.whatBEx4(05浙江)._____Iexplainedonthephone,yourrequestwillbeconsideredatthenextmeeting.A.WhenB.AfterC.AsD.WhichCEx3(01全國).BEx4(05浙江)._____60四.關(guān)系副詞引導的定語從句關(guān)系副詞when,where,why在定語

從句中代替先行詞,作狀語,不可省略.

有時根據(jù)不同情況可用‘‘適當介詞+which’’代替。四.關(guān)系副詞引導的定語從句關(guān)系副詞when,where,61關(guān)系副詞指代物充當成分when(=at/in/on…which)

where(=in/at…which)why(=forwhich)

時間名詞時間狀語地點名詞地點狀語原因:reason原因狀語關(guān)系副詞指代物充當成分whenwherewhy時間名621.當先行詞具有“時間意義”的名詞(如time,day,spring,week,year等),則可考慮when引導定語從句。when在從句中作時間狀語。但前提是：定語從句中不缺少主語，賓語。Tellmethetimewhenthetrainleaves.=atwhichIstillrememberth