初中英語高分閱讀理解講座課件

初中英語閱讀理解

高分講座2012.2.19初中英語閱讀理解

高分講座2012.2.191內(nèi)容提要一、英語中考對閱讀理解的要求二、做閱讀理解題需要明確的觀念三、做閱讀理解題的常規(guī)步驟四、閱讀理解常見題型的解題方法五、不看原文直接從選項(xiàng)找答案的技巧六、武漢近年中考閱讀理解真題評析內(nèi)容提要一、英語中考對閱讀理解的要求2一、英語中考對閱讀理解的要求一、英語中考對閱讀理解的要求3中考英語的閱讀理解是比較有難度，也是比較容易丟分的題。根據(jù)《武漢市2011年中考英語考試大綱》規(guī)定，閱讀理解材料的篇幅長度在300詞左右，數(shù)量不少于3篇，要求閱讀速度為每分鐘40-50個(gè)詞。所選材料可能涉及西方文化或價(jià)值觀念的內(nèi)容，設(shè)題包括對把握主旨大意、歸納、推測、猜詞等能力的考查。中考英語的閱讀理解是比較有難度，也是比較容易丟分的題。根據(jù)4從近3年（2009-2011年）武漢市中考英語試卷來看，都有3篇一定篇幅的英語文章，分值為30分（每篇5題，每題2分），所占分值是所有題型中最高的。因此，閱讀理解題發(fā)揮如何，將較大程度上影響著考生得分的高低。從近3年（2009-2011年）武漢市中考英語試卷來看，都5許多同學(xué)在做閱讀理解部分時(shí)，最大感受就是時(shí)間緊、答案項(xiàng)迷惑性大，因而很難又快又準(zhǔn)地選出答案。那么做閱讀理解除了平時(shí)多讀多看多練之外，還有沒有什么好的方法呢？在沒有足夠時(shí)間仔細(xì)閱讀或文章太難而看不懂的情況下應(yīng)該怎樣答題呢？接下來就向同學(xué)們介紹一些常用的閱讀理解方法和技巧。許多同學(xué)在做閱讀理解部分時(shí)，最大感受就是時(shí)間緊、答案項(xiàng)迷惑6二、做閱讀理解題需要明確的觀念二、做閱讀理解題需要明確的觀念7第一、不要認(rèn)為閱讀理解很難不容易得分，恰恰相反，閱讀理解是所有題型中最容易得分，也是完全能夠得高分（甚至滿分）的題型。第一、不要認(rèn)為閱讀理解很難不容易得分，恰恰相反，閱讀理解是8閱讀理解題和其他題型不一樣，它呈現(xiàn)的是一篇完完整整、沒有任何隱蔽和挖空的文章，每一個(gè)題目的答案全部直接或間接蘊(yùn)含在原文中了，你所做的事情就是把答案從原文中找出來，除了要具備詞匯、語法這些基本功之外，就是看你夠不夠聰明和細(xì)心了。閱讀理解題和其他題型不一樣，它呈現(xiàn)的是一篇完完整整、沒有任9而其他任何題型（單選、完形、填空、翻譯、寫作等），都不是給你一個(gè)完整的句子或文章，要么挖了空讓你填，要么完全靠自己寫，會(huì)不會(huì)做除了靠基本功外，還有點(diǎn)運(yùn)氣成分（英語里的知識(shí)點(diǎn)成百上千，只要考到一個(gè)你不會(huì)的，就很難做對，只有靠猜了）。而其他任何題型（單選、完形、填空、翻譯、寫作等），都不是給10第二、閱讀理解的每一題都可以直接或間接地從原文中找到對應(yīng)句子或推斷答案，所以，依據(jù)原文是做閱讀理解題的最可靠方法！第二、閱讀理解的每一題都可以直接或間接地從原文中找到對應(yīng)句11從閱讀理解的題型設(shè)計(jì)上來看，不外乎就是細(xì)節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題、主旨大意題、猜測詞義題等幾種常見題型，而這幾種題型全都離不開原文（稍后會(huì)講到）。有的同學(xué)喜歡憑小聰明、憑經(jīng)驗(yàn)、憑想當(dāng)然拋開原文做題，這樣是不可取的，可能一時(shí)會(huì)做對，但不能保證每次都對，依據(jù)原文仍是做閱讀理解題的最可靠方法。從閱讀理解的題型設(shè)計(jì)上來看，不外乎就是細(xì)節(jié)理解題、推理判12第三、做閱讀理解題有很多方法和技巧，有的甚至可以讓你在不看原文的情況下直接從選項(xiàng)中就能找到正確答案！第三、做閱讀理解題有很多方法和技巧，有的甚至可以讓你在不看13做閱讀理解有很多方法和技巧，有的甚至可以讓你在不看原文的情況下直接從選項(xiàng)就能找到正確答案，這個(gè)同學(xué)們可能都覺得不可思議。其實(shí)，這也是有一定的根據(jù)的（下面會(huì)講到），合理運(yùn)用這些方法和技巧，會(huì)讓你的閱讀理解得分能力如虎添翼，在緊急情況下它就是你的救命稻草！做閱讀理解有很多方法和技巧，有的甚至可以讓你在不看原文的情14二、做閱讀理解題的常規(guī)步驟二、做閱讀理解題的常規(guī)步驟15

1、快速略讀（Skimming）

2、帶問尋讀（Scanning)

3、檢驗(yàn)答案（Checking）1、快速略讀（Skimming）16快速略讀(Skimming)1.略讀的概念又稱“跳讀”(readingandskipping)或“瀏覽”(glancing)。要求以較快速度(100-150wpm)在2-3分鐘內(nèi)略讀完文章，迅速獲取文章內(nèi)容或中心思想，即有選擇地進(jìn)行閱讀，可跳過某些細(xì)節(jié)，抓住文章的大意，從而加快閱讀速度。快速略讀(Skimming)1.略讀的概念172.略讀的技巧不可逐詞逐句閱讀，應(yīng)掃描式閱讀。眼球總在不斷地“移動(dòng)—停頓—移動(dòng)”，思考是在眼停的瞬間進(jìn)行的。碰到個(gè)別不懂的生詞、難句應(yīng)先跳過。注意文章的開頭、結(jié)尾和每段的主題句。抓住4個(gè)W和1個(gè)H，即when(時(shí)間),where(地點(diǎn)),who(人物),what(事件),how(經(jīng)過)，就抓住了文章的全貌。2.略讀的技巧18注意關(guān)鍵詞(表示邏輯關(guān)系的詞)表并列：both…and,or,too,also,aswell;表遞進(jìn)：moreover,inaddition,what'smore,furthermore,then,besides;表轉(zhuǎn)折：however,but,nevertheless;表層次：firstofall,aboveall,next,ontheonehand,...ontheotherhand,unless;表強(qiáng)調(diào)：infact,indeed,actually,asamatteroffact,important,obviously;注意關(guān)鍵詞(表示邏輯關(guān)系的詞)19表因果：because,so,since,asaresult,for,leadto,liein；表序列：first,second,third,finally；表列舉：forexample,suchas,forinstance,except(for);表比較：like,similar,inthesameway;表讓步：although,though,afterall,inspiteof,evenif,eventhough;表結(jié)論：therefore,inaword,inbrief,inconclusion,onthewhole.表因果：because,so,since,asar20SkimmingPracticeOne(in2minutes)DavidMcConnellsoldbooksfromdoortodoor.Housewiveswerenotinterestedinthebooks.Usuallybeforehehadenoughtimetosayanythingabouthisbooks,thewomenclosedtheirdoors.Buthedidn’tgiveup.McConnelldecidedtobringeachofthemapresent,asmallbottleofperfumemadebyhimself.Hesoonfoundthatthewomenlikedtheperfumebetterthanthebooks.Hestoppedsellingbookstosellperfumeinsteadandstartedhisowncompany“Avon”,whichisagreatsuccess.

Whenyoudonothing,youlearnnothing.Butwhenyoutry,eventhoughyouarenotsuccessful,youwilllearnwhatdoesn’tworkandthatputsyouclosertowhatwillwork.Itdoesn’tmatterhowmanytimesyouarenotsuccessful.Itdoesmatterthatyouwillbesuccessfuloneday.SkimmingPracticeOne(in2mi21Time’sUp!What’sthemainideaofthispassage?Time’sUp!What’sthemainidea22

DavidMcConnell

soldbooks

fromdoortodoor.Housewiveswerenotinterestedinthebooks.Usuallybeforehehadenoughtimetosayanythingabouthisbooks,thewomenclosedtheirdoors.Buthedidn’tgiveup.McConnelldecidedtobringeachofthemapresent,asmallbottleofperfumemadebyhimself.Hesoonfoundthatthewomenlikedtheperfumebetterthanthebooks.Hestoppedsellingbookstosellperfumeinsteadandstartedhisowncompany“Avon”,whichisagreatsuccess.

Whenyoudonothing,youlearnnothing.Butwhenyoutry,eventhoughyouarenotsuccessful,youwilllearnwhatdoesn’tworkandthatputsyouclosertowhatwillwork.Itdoesn’tmatterhowmanytimesyouarenotsuccessful.Itdoesmatterthatyouwillbesuccessfuloneday.whowhat,whenwherehowkeywordemphasiskeywordkeywordDavidMcConnellsoldbooks23SkimmingPracticeTwo(in2.5minutes)

Hundredsofyearsago，aRomanarmycamenorthfromEnglandtomakewaronScotland.TheScots，abravepeople，lovedtheircountryverymuch.TheyfoughthardtodrivetheenemyoutofScotland，butthereweretoomanyRomans.ItlookedasiftheRomanswouldwin.Onenight，theleaderofScotsmarchedhissoldierstothetopofahill.“Wewillrestheretonight，mymen,”hesaid.“Tomorrowwewillfightonemorebattle.Wemustwinorwewilldie.”Theywereallverytired，sotheyatetheirsupperquicklyandfellasleep.Therewerefourguardsonduty，butthey，too，wereverytired，andonebyone，alsofellasleep.TheRomanswerenotasleep.Quicklytheygatheredatthefootofthehill.Slowlytheyclimbedupthehillside，takingcarenottomakeasound.CloserandclosertheycametothesleepingScots.Theywerealmostatthetop.Afewminutesmore，thewarwouldbeover.Suddenly，oneofthemputhisfootonathistle(薊).HecriedoutandhissuddencrywoketheScots.Inamoment，theywereontheirfeetandreadyforbattle.Thefightingwashardbutitdidnotlastlong.TheScotswipedouttheRomansandsavedtheircountry.Thethistleisnotabeautifulplant.Ithassharpneedlesalloverit.Fewpeoplelikeit.ButthepeopleofScotlandlikeditsomuchthattheymadeittheirnationalflower.SkimmingPracticeTwo(in2.524Time’sUp!What’sthemainideaofthispassage?Time’sUp!What’sthemainidea25

Hundredsofyearsago，aRomanarmycamenorthfromEnglandtomakewar

onScotland.TheScots，abravepeople，lovedtheircountryverymuch.TheyfoughthardtodrivetheenemyoutofScotland，butthereweretoomanyRomans.ItlookedasiftheRomanswouldwin.Onenight，theleaderofScotsmarchedhissoldierstothetopofahill.“Wewillrestheretonight，mymen,”hesaid.“Tomorrowwewillfightonemorebattle.Wemustwinorwewilldie.”Theywereallverytired，sotheyatetheirsupperquicklyandfellasleep.Therewerefourguardsonduty，butthey，too，wereverytired，andonebyone，alsofellasleep.TheRomanswerenotasleep.Quicklytheygatheredatthefootofthehill.Slowlytheyclimbedupthehillside，takingcarenottomakeasound.CloserandclosertheycametothesleepingScots.Theywerealmostatthetop.Afewminutesmore，thewarwouldbeover.Suddenly，oneofthemputhisfootonathistle(薊).HecriedoutandhissuddencrywoketheScots.Inamoment，theywereontheirfeetandreadyforbattle.Thefightingwashardbutitdidnotlastlong.TheScotswipedouttheRomansandsavedtheircountry.Thethistleisnotabeautifulplant.Ithassharpneedlesalloverit.Fewpeoplelikeit.ButthepeopleofScotlandlikeditsomuchthattheymadeittheirnationalflower.whenwhowherewhathowconclusionHundredsofyearsago，aR26帶問尋讀(Scanning)1.尋讀的概念又稱“查讀”，就是在讀過文章后面的題后，以題干中的某些詞為線索（線索詞），到原文中去尋找出處，從而找到答案的過程。尋讀能力的高低直接影響著閱讀理解做題的正確率。目的：尋找特定信息，要什么找什么。帶問尋讀(Scanning)1.尋讀的概念272.尋讀的技巧①題目順序基本與行文順序基本一致一般情況下，題目順序與原文的行文順序是保持一致的，也就是說，第一道題的出處一般在原文開頭部分，下一道題的出處一般位于前一道題的出處后面。把握題目順序與行文順序一致的基本規(guī)律，可以指導(dǎo)我們在原文中快速定位出處的大致位置，有效節(jié)省尋讀時(shí)間。2.尋讀的技巧282.尋讀的技巧②注意原文中的時(shí)間、數(shù)字、年代時(shí)間、數(shù)字和年代在文章中通常以阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字的形式出現(xiàn)，在周圍都是英文字母的背景中就顯得比較突出。因此，如果考題中含有數(shù)字，往往可以用來快速定位題目的出處。注意：題干中可能對數(shù)字的形式有一定改動(dòng)，要注意辨別。2.尋讀的技巧292.尋讀的技巧③注意原文的人名、地名等專有名詞人名、地名等專有名詞以大寫字母開頭，在文章中顯得比較突出，容易尋找，也是容易設(shè)問的目標(biāo)。但是如果通篇都是講與這個(gè)專有名詞有關(guān)的事情時(shí)，這個(gè)專有名詞多次出現(xiàn)，而題目中也多次出現(xiàn)，這時(shí)就不建議用它來定位題目出處，而應(yīng)該使用其他的定位詞。2.尋讀的技巧302.尋讀的技巧④事物的性質(zhì)特征或比較關(guān)系

如果題干要求確定某個(gè)事物的性質(zhì)、程度、范圍或比較關(guān)系，那么就可以借助題干中的形容詞、副詞或其比較級、最高級等比較詞來定位題目出處。然后對比原文與題干的陳述，最終確定題干是否正確。2.尋讀的技巧312.尋讀的技巧⑤題干中不同于其他題的新信息

每道題的題干中都含有與其他題不同的新信息。這些表示新信息的名詞或動(dòng)詞、甚至是特殊的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)也可以成為線索詞。2.尋讀的技巧32ScanningPracticeone(in8minutes)Howmanykindsofpenguinscansurvive?WheredoPenguinslive?WhatdoPenguinseat?What’sthecauseofpenguin'sdecreaseinnumbers?WhyarethepenguinsinSouthAfricareproducinginhighernumbersthanbeforetheoilleaking?ScanningPracticeone(in8mi33ScanningPracticeone

Asmanyas10ofthe17kindsofpenguins

maybeindangerofdisappearing.Thenumberofpenguinshavedecreased

by30%since1987.Penguinsareblackandwhitebirdsthatliveinthesouthernpartoftheworld.TheyarecommoninSouthAmerica，NewZealand，AustraliaandSouthAfrica.Marylivesnearcoldwaters.ButsomelivenearwarmwatersinGalapagosIslands.Penguinscannotfly，buttheyarefineswimmers.Penguinseatfishandkrill(磷蝦).Thewarmingoftheearthisthedecreaseinpenguinpopulations.Theheatingoftheairhascausedoceanwaterstobecomewarmer.Higherwatertemperatureshavereducedthesupplyoffishandkrill.Someyearslaterthesebirdsarecompletelyunabletoreproduce.Besides,manyadultpenguinsdieofhunger.ScanningPracticeoneAsm34Widespread

fishing，explorationforoilandoilleaksalsomakepenguinsbeindanger.Poisonousorganisms(生物)inoceanwaterareanotherdanger.Penguinsalsohavetheirenemies，includingwilddogs，sharks，sealsandsealions.

Newsaboutpenguinsisnotallbad，however.Severalyearsago，oilleakingfromashiphurt40%ofthepenguinsinSouthAfrica.Thepenguinsbecamecoveredwithoil.Butthousandsofpeoplehelpedcleanandtreatthebirdswell.Thentheyreturnedthepenguinstothewild.

NowtheseSouthAfricanpenguinsarereproducinginhighernumbersthanbeforetheoilleaking.Widespreadfishing，explorati35Time’sUp!Let’sanswerthequestionstogether.Tips：Underlinethesentenceaboutthequestioninthepassage.Time’sUp!Let’sanswertheque36

1.Howmanykindsofpenguinscansurvive?(線索詞:數(shù)量)

17-10=7

Asmanyas10ofthe17kindsofpenguins

maybeindangerofdisappearing.Thenumberofpenguinshavedecreased

by30%since1987.

1.Howmanykindsofpengui37

2.WheredoPenguinslive?(線索詞:地點(diǎn))3.WhatdoPenguinseat?(線索詞:食物)

Penguinsareblackandwhitebirdsthatliveinthesouthernpartoftheworld.TheyarecommoninSouthAmerica，NewZealand，AustraliaandSouthAfrica.Marylivesnearcoldwaters.ButsomelivenearwarmwatersinGalapagosIslands.Penguinscannotfly，buttheyarefineswimmers.Penguinseatfishandkrill(磷蝦).2.WheredoPenguinslive?(38

4.What’sthecauseofpenguin’sdecreaseinnumbers?(線索詞:瀕危原因)

Thewarmingoftheearthisthedecreaseinpenguinpopulations.Theheatingoftheairhascausedoceanwaterstobecomewarmer.Higherwatertemperatureshavereducedthesupplyoffishandkrill.Someyearslaterthesebirdsarecompletelyunabletoreproduce.

Besides,manyadultpenguinsdieofhunger.

Widespread

fishing，explorationforoilandoilleaksalsomakepenguinsbeindanger.Poisonousorganismsinoceanwaterareanotherdanger.Penguinsalsohavetheirenemies，includingwilddogs，sharks，sealsandsealions.

4.What’sthecauseofpengui39

5.WhyarethepenguinsinSouthAfricareproducinginhighernumbersthanbeforetheoilleaking?(線索詞:增長原因)

Newsaboutpenguinsisnotallbad，however.Severalyearsago，oilleakingfromashiphurt40%ofthepenguinsinSouthAfrica.Thepenguinsbecamecoveredwithoil.Butthousandsofpeoplehelpedcleanandtreatthebirdswell.Thentheyreturnedthepenguinstothewild.

NowtheseSouthAfricanpenguinsarereproducinginhighernumbersthanbeforetheoilleaking.5.WhyarethepenguinsinSo40ScanningPracticetwo(in8minutes)WhomadeDonaldDuckfilm?WhenwasthefirstDonaldDuckfilmmade?HowdidClarenceNashbecomeastar?WhydidpeoplelikeDonaldmorethanMickeyMouse?Wheredotoday’schildrenseeDonaldDuck?ScanningPracticetwo(in8mi41ScanningPracticetwo

In1933anunknownAmericancalledClarenceNashwenttoseethefilmmakerWaltDisney.HehadanunusualvoiceandhewantedtoworkinDisney’scartoon

filmforchildren.WhenWaltDisneyheardNash’svoice,hesaid“Stop!That’sourduck!”

Theduckwasthenow-famousDonaldDuck,whofirstappearedin1934inthefirmTheWiseLittleHen.Donaldlivedinanoldhouseboat(水上住家)andworehissailorjacketandhat.Laterthatyearhebecameastarafteraneight–minuteMickeyMousefilm.Thecinemaaudiencelikedhimbecausehewaslazyandgreedy,andbecausehelosthistemperveryquickly.AndtheylovedhisvoicewhenhebecameangrywithMickey’seightnephews(侄子).SoonDonaldwasmorepopularthanMickeyMousehimself,probablybecausehewasn’tagoody-goodylikeMickey.ScanningPracticetwoIn142

Inthe1930S,‘40sand‘50sDonaldandhisfriendsMickey,GoofyandPlutomadehundredsofDisneycartoons.HealsomadeeducationalfilmsabouttheplaceoftheUSAintheworld,andsafetyinthehome.Thenin1966DonaldDuckandhisvoicedisappeared–therewerenomorenewcartoons.

ClarenceNashdiedinFebruary,1985.Buttoday’schildrencanstillseetheoldcartoonsontelevisionandhearthatfamousvoice.Inthe1930S,‘40sand‘43Time’sUp!Let’sanswerthequestionstogether.Tips：Underlinethesentenceaboutthequestioninthepassage.Time’sUp!Let’sanswertheque44

1.WhomadeDonaldDuckfilm?(線索詞:人名)

In1933anunknownAmericancalledClarenceNashwenttoseethefilmmakerWaltDisney.HehadanunusualvoiceandhewantedtoworkinDisney’scartoon

filmforchildren.WhenWaltDisneyheardNash’svoice,hesaid”Stop!That’sourduck!”

1.WhomadeDonaldDuckfil45

2.WhenwasthefirstDonaldDuckfilmmade?(線索詞:年代)

Theduckwasthenow-famousDonaldDuck,whofirstappearedin1934inthefirmTheWiseLittleHen.Donaldlivedinanoldhouseboat(水上住家)andworehissailorjacketandhat.Laterthatyearhebecameastarafteraneight–minuteMickeyMousefilm.

2.WhenwasthefirstDonal46

3.HowdidClarenceNashbecomeastar?(線索詞:成為明星)

Theduckwasthenow-famousDonaldDuck,whofirstappearedin1934inthefirmTheWiseLittleHen.Donaldlivedinanoldhouseboat(水上住家)andworehissailorjacketandhat.Laterthatyearhebecameastarafteraneight–minuteMickeyMousefilm.(makevoiceforDonaldDuckinthefilm)

3.HowdidClarenceNashbe47

4.WhydidpeoplelikeDonaldmorethanMickeyMouse?(線索詞:比較關(guān)系)

Thecinemaaudiencelikedhimbecausehewaslazyandgreedy,andbecausehelosthistemperveryquickly.AndtheylovedhisvoicewhenhebecameangrywithMickey’seightnephews(侄子).SoonDonaldwasmorepopularthanMickeyMousehimself,probablybecausehewasn’tagoody-goodylikeMickey.4.WhydidpeoplelikeDona48

5.Wheredotoday’schildrenseeDonaldDuck?(線索詞:地點(diǎn))

ClarenceNashdiedinFebruary,1985.Buttoday’schildrencanstillseetheoldcartoonsontelevisionandhearthatfamousvoice.5.Wheredotoday’schildre49檢查答案(Checking)重讀原文，仔細(xì)斟酌核對答案在解完最后一道題后，如果時(shí)間允許，再將原文讀一遍；用全文的主題思想統(tǒng)率各題，研究其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系和邏輯關(guān)系，目的在于對所做答案進(jìn)一步審查，推出未解答的題，以便減少失誤。

注：如果時(shí)間不允許，也可省略該步驟

檢查答案(Checking)重讀原文，仔細(xì)斟酌核對答案50四、閱讀理解常見題型的解題方法四、閱讀理解常見題型的解題方法51一、細(xì)節(jié)理解題細(xì)節(jié)理解題是對獲取和處理細(xì)節(jié)信息能力的考查，這類題在閱讀理解題中占一半以上，做好這類題是確?；A(chǔ)分的關(guān)鍵。同時(shí)，弄清細(xì)節(jié)，正確獲取信息，也是把握文章主旨的前提。因此，要特別重視做好這類題。一、細(xì)節(jié)理解題細(xì)節(jié)理解題是對獲取和處理細(xì)節(jié)信息能力的考查，52細(xì)節(jié)理解題常見的提問形式是非判斷類型：TrueorFalse？特殊疑問詞類型：What/who/……?排序題類型：Whichoftheordersiscorrect……?例證題類型：Theauthorgivestheexamplein……inorderto……唯一性概念題類型：Themost/-est……theonly……細(xì)節(jié)理解題常見的提問形式53做細(xì)節(jié)理解題的方法通過尋讀確定該細(xì)節(jié)在文中的出處，仔細(xì)對照題干要求，排除或選擇。命題者通常對原句細(xì)微處做改動(dòng)，截取原文詞語或結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行改造，因果倒置，把A的觀點(diǎn)說成B的觀點(diǎn)等。所以正確理解題干和信息句的意義是關(guān)鍵。細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題還要十分注意句子的非主干成分，如定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語等，這些成分都是出題者常進(jìn)行誤導(dǎo)的落腳點(diǎn)。做細(xì)節(jié)理解題的方法54做細(xì)節(jié)理解題的方法是非判斷一般都遵循對照選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行“三對一錯(cuò)或三錯(cuò)一對”的判斷。若該信息句是長句或難句，要學(xué)會(huì)找出其主干部分，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，正確理解信息句的意義。一定要注意的是，要所答是所問，不要受到慣勢思維的影響，習(xí)慣性地去選擇正確的細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)，切記要弄清問題，不要所答非所問。做細(xì)節(jié)理解題的方法55做細(xì)節(jié)理解題的方法例證題一定要注意以forexample……,suchas……等關(guān)鍵入手處，找出細(xì)節(jié)出處。排序題要先仔細(xì)觀察選項(xiàng)，找出首尾相同的選項(xiàng)分組，進(jìn)而通過具體細(xì)節(jié)信息比較進(jìn)行排除和選擇。唯一性概念題一定要仔細(xì)審題，弄清題干所需。做細(xì)節(jié)理解題的方法56細(xì)節(jié)理解題一

InEuropeitquiteusualtocrossyourlegswhenyouaresittingtalkingtosomeoneevenatanimportantmeeting.DoingthisinThailand,however,couldbringabouttrouble.Also,youshouldtrytoavoidtouchingtheheadofanadult——it'sjustnotdoneinThailand.

Q：Tocrossone'slegsatanimportantmeetinginEuropeis_______.A.acommonhabitB.animportantmannerC.aserioustroubleD.abadmanner細(xì)節(jié)理解題一InEuropeitquiteu57細(xì)節(jié)理解題二

BigBenisnotthenameofaman.ItisthenameofahugeclockinLondon.LondonisthecapitalofEngland.Thisclockhasfourfaces.So，nomatterwhereyoustand，youcanreadthetimeonthefaceofBigBen.Eachfaceisthesizeofadoubledecker（層）bus.Thehandsareaboutfourmeterslong.Itisaboutthesizeoftwopeoplestandingontopofeachother.IfyougotoLondon，youmaywanttovisittheHousesofParliament（國會(huì)大廈）.ThereyouwillfindBigBensitsatthetopoftheclocktowerintheHousesofParliament.Maybeyouwillhearitaswellasseeit.Thehugeclockmakessuchaloudnoise.“Dingdong，dingdong，”itgoeseveryquarterofanhour.

Q：Theclockstrikesevery_______ofanhour.A.tenminutesB.fifteenminutesC.thirtyminutesD.forty-fiveminutes細(xì)節(jié)理解題二BigBenisnotthen58二、主旨大意題此類題型主要考查學(xué)生對文章主題或中心思想的歸納、領(lǐng)會(huì)和理解能力。主旨大意題常見的提問形式：

1）主旨句設(shè)問類型：Whatisthemainideaofthispassage？

2）最佳標(biāo)題選擇類型：Thebesttitleforthispassageis……

3）作者主旨意圖類型：Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellus？二、主旨大意題此類題型主要考查學(xué)生對文章主題或中心思想的歸59做主旨大意題的方法主旨大意題一定要注意文章的首尾兩段。如果首尾兩段的主旨表達(dá)是一致的，那么文章的主旨便是兩段重復(fù)表明的語句內(nèi)容表達(dá)。找出選項(xiàng)中與歸納的主旨表達(dá)重復(fù)最多的選項(xiàng)即為最佳答案。如果首尾兩段的主旨表達(dá)不一致，則需要觀察文章的段落篇幅量是傾向于首段或是尾段，從而確定主旨段落。做主旨大意題的方法60做主旨大意題的方法此外，標(biāo)題選擇即為主旨句的壓縮表達(dá)，注意抓住主旨句進(jìn)行主要詞匯的提煉，把一個(gè)句子提煉為幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞，即是對主旨大意進(jìn)行概括歸納的標(biāo)題。而作者意圖表達(dá)必須通過歸納中心主題才能找到，通常體現(xiàn)為advise,convince,present,propose,warn,suggest等。做主旨大意題的方法61主旨大意題一

Haveyoueverbeenill?Whenyouareill，youmustbeunhappybecauseyourbodybecomeshot，andtherearepainsalloveryourbody.Youdon'twanttowork，youstayinbed，feelingverysad.

Whatmakesusill?Itisgerms(細(xì)菌).Germsareeverywhere.Theyareverysmallandyoucan'tfindthemwithyoureyes，butyoucanseethemwithamicroscope.Theyareverysmallandtherecouldbehundredsofthemonaverysmallthing.

Germsarealwaysfoundindirtywater.Whenwelookatdirtywaterunderthemicroscope，weshallseetheminit.Soyourfatherandmotherwillnotletyoudrinkdirtywater.

Q：What'sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Germsmaymakeusill.B.Germsareindirtywater.C.Don'tdrinkdirtywater.D.Takecareofyourfingers.主旨大意題一Haveyoueverbeeni62主旨大意題二

InEngland,peopleoftentalkabouttheweatherbecausetheycanexperiencefourseasonsinoneday.Inthemorningtheweatheriswarmjustlikeinspring.Anhourlaterblackcloudscomeandthenitrainshard.Theweathergetsalittlecold.Inthelateafternoontheskywillbesunny,thesunwillbegintoshine,anditwillbesummeratthistimeofaday.

InEngland,peoplecanalsohavesummerinwinter,orhavewinterinsummer.Soinwintertheycanswimsometimes,andinsummersometimestheyshouldtakewarmclothes.WhenyougotoEngland,youwillseethatsomeEnglishpeopleusuallytakeanumbrellaoraraincoatwiththeminthesunnymorning,butyoushouldnotlaughatthem.Ifyoudon'ttakeanumbrellaoraraincoat,youwillregretlaterintheday.

Q：Thebesttitle(標(biāo)題)forthispassageis________.

A.BadSeasonsB.SummerorWinter

C.TheWeatherinEnglandD.StrangeEnglishPeople主旨大意題二InEngland,people63三、推理判斷題此類題主要考察對原文給出的信息進(jìn)行合理推理判斷，得出相關(guān)結(jié)論的能力，注意它是對原文的推理，所以原文語句不能選。有時(shí)除了根據(jù)原文推理判斷之外，還要借助事實(shí)、常識(shí)進(jìn)行合乎邏輯和情理的判斷。推理判斷題常見的提問形式為Wecaninfer/imply/learnfromthispassagethat……三、推理判斷題此類題主要考察對原文給出的信息進(jìn)行合理推理判64做推理判斷題的方法推理判斷題分兩種：對細(xì)節(jié)的推理和對主旨的推理。做此類題要注意，一是與原文相同的細(xì)節(jié)不能選，二是文中沒有出現(xiàn)的細(xì)節(jié)不能選，不能憑空推斷。解題過程中只要注意上述兩點(diǎn)，再結(jié)合做細(xì)節(jié)和主旨的方法，即可以做出推理判斷題。做推理判斷題的方法65推理判斷題一

Scientistssay,"Allfoodcomesinsomewayfromplants."Well,isthattrue?Animalseatgrassandgrowfat.Thenweeattheirmeat.Littlefisheatlittlesea-plants,thenbiggerfishswimalongandeatthe……Chickenseatbitsofgrassandgiveus……Thinkforaminute.Whatfooddoesnotcomefromplantsinsomeway?

Q：Fromthepassage,wecaninferthat_______donotcomefromplantsinsomeway.A.fewkindsoffoodB.meatandfishC.cheeseandchickenD.woodandpaper推理判斷題一Scientistssay,"Allf66推理判斷題二

Oneofthethingstobelearntinaforeignlanguageisguessingallthetimewhatkindofthingtocomewhenlisteningtosomeonetalking.Peopledothisallthetimeintheirownlanguage,soitisnecessarytodothisinaforeignlanguage,too.Herearesomeexamples.

1."What'sthematter？""Iwenttoapartylastnight,soI…"

2."Ifeelsotiredthesedays.""Ithinkyou'dbetter…"

3."Ofcourse,sheneverstopstalking.Sheisoneofthemost…"

Youcanseefromtheabovethreeexamplesthatthecontext(上下文)helpsalotinunderstandingwhatisbeingtalkedabout.So"guessing"isveryimportantinunderstandingEnglish,especiallyspokenEnglish.

Q：Fromthepassagewecaninferthatguessingis_______inlearningaforeignlanguage.A.theonlywayB.moreimportantinspokenEnglishthaninwrittenEnglishC.moreimportantthananyotherwayD.moreimportantinwrittenEnglishthaninspokenEnglish推理判斷題二Oneofthethingsto67四、猜測詞義題該類題型主要考查利用上下文語境、構(gòu)詞法對某些生詞、難句做出推測和判斷。所考單詞通常都會(huì)超出教學(xué)大綱范圍。猜測詞義題的常見提問形式有：Theword/phrase……means/refers

……四、猜測詞義題該類題型主要考查利用上下文語境、構(gòu)詞法對某些68做猜測詞義題的方法要做好此類題，第一要熟練掌握大綱單詞，平時(shí)注意積累生詞和短語。第二，要把詞放到句子里，把句子放在句群里。第三，注意詞、句的位置,確定結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系。第四，