時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)專升本課件

英語(yǔ)共有16種時(shí)態(tài)，其表現(xiàn)形式如下（以study為例）：一般時(shí)進(jìn)行時(shí)完成時(shí)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在studystudiesamstudyingisstudyingarestudyinghavestudiedhasstudiedhavebeenstudyinghasbeenstudying過(guò)去studiedwasstudyingwerestudyinghadstudiedhadbeenstudying將來(lái)willstudyshallstudywillbestudyingshallbestudyingwillhave

studiedshallhavestudiedwillhavebeenstudyingshallhavebeenstudying過(guò)去將來(lái)wouldstudyshouldstudywouldbestudyingshouldbestudyingwouldhavestudiedshouldhavestudiedwouldhavebeenstudyingshouldhavebeenstudying第1頁(yè)/共20頁(yè)英語(yǔ)共有16種時(shí)態(tài)，其表現(xiàn)形式如下（以study為1返回一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主要用來(lái)表示人、事物的現(xiàn)在狀況和特點(diǎn)：表示經(jīng)常或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，句子中常有often,always,fromtimetotime,everyday,sometimes等詞。例子：1.Heusuallygoestoworkat7o’clockeverymorning.2.ShehasabrotherwholivesinNewYork.3.Theearthgoesaroundthesun.4.GuangzhouissituatedinthesouthofChina.第2頁(yè)/共20頁(yè)返回一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)第2頁(yè)/共20頁(yè)2考點(diǎn)一：表示永恒的真理，即使出現(xiàn)在過(guò)去的語(yǔ)境里，也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

IlearnedthattheearthisbiggerthanthemoonwhenIwasinprimaryschool.考點(diǎn)二：在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。常用的引導(dǎo)詞有：時(shí)間：when,until,after,before,assoonas,once,themoment/theminute,theday;條件：if,unless,providedIwillletherknowifshecomesback.考點(diǎn)三：在themore…themore…句型中，若主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Theharderyoustudy,thebetterjobyouwillget.第3頁(yè)/共20頁(yè)考點(diǎn)一：表示永恒的真理，即使出現(xiàn)在過(guò)去的語(yǔ)境里，也要用3二、一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間發(fā)生且完成的動(dòng)作，或過(guò)去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，不強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，只說(shuō)明過(guò)去。常跟明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間連用，如：yesterday,lastnight,in1984,atthetime/moment,once,duringthewar,before,afewdaysago,when…etc.考點(diǎn)一：usedtodo表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣做，但現(xiàn)在已不再做的事。區(qū)別：be/become/getusedtodoing表示現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣做某事。Heusedtosmokealot.Hehasgotusedtogettingupearlyinthemorning.Iamusedtohavingbreakfastnow.考點(diǎn)二：在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。Hepromisedtobuymeacomputerifhegotaraise.Shewantedtogoshoppingifshehadmoney.第4頁(yè)/共20頁(yè)二、一般過(guò)去時(shí)第4頁(yè)/共20頁(yè)4三、一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間會(huì)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。常和tomorrow,nextyear,in2020等表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用?？键c(diǎn)一：一般將來(lái)時(shí)總是用在一些時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句或條件狀語(yǔ)從句的主句中Wewillbeginourclassassoonastheteachercomes.（主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句中一定要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)替代一般將來(lái)時(shí)）考點(diǎn)二：某些表示短暫性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞，如：arrive,come,go,leave,start等，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)時(shí)。IamleavingforBeijingtomorrow.Iamcominghomesoon.考點(diǎn)三：祈使句+and/or+句子，這種結(jié)構(gòu)中and后面的句子謂語(yǔ)用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。Studyhardandyouwillmakeitoneday!第5頁(yè)/共20頁(yè)三、一般將來(lái)時(shí)第5頁(yè)/共20頁(yè)5考點(diǎn)四：一般將來(lái)時(shí)的五種句型1.Willdo…2.Be(am,is,are)goingtodo…3.betodo…4.Beabouttodo…5.beonthepointofdoingIwasabouttosleepwhenshecalledme.TheyaretobemarriedinthisMay.Itisonthepointofraining.第6頁(yè)/共20頁(yè)考點(diǎn)四：一般將來(lái)時(shí)的五種句型第6頁(yè)/共20頁(yè)6完成時(shí)助動(dòng)詞：have結(jié)構(gòu)：have+動(dòng)詞（be動(dòng)詞）的過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have+done過(guò)去完成時(shí)：had+done將來(lái)完成時(shí)：willhave+done注意：1.完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)；2.完成時(shí)與完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別。第7頁(yè)/共20頁(yè)完成時(shí)助動(dòng)詞：have第7頁(yè)/共20頁(yè)7四、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，完成在過(guò)去，強(qiáng)調(diào)與現(xiàn)在情況仍有聯(lián)系，其結(jié)果和影響仍存在?？键c(diǎn)一：for+時(shí)間段；since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)TheyhavelivedinBeijingforfiveyears./since1995.IhavelearnedEnglishfortenyears.考點(diǎn)二：常見的不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):lately,recently,just,already,yet,uptonow,tillnow,sofar,thesedays,etc.Hasitstoppedrainingyet?Mygirlfriendhasbeenbackalready.考點(diǎn)三：表示“最近幾世紀(jì)、年、月以來(lái)…”時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。Inthepastfewyears/months/weeks/days;overthepastfewyears;duringthelastthreemonths;forthelastfewcenturies;throughcenturies;throughouthistory…etc.第8頁(yè)/共20頁(yè)四、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)第8頁(yè)/共20頁(yè)8考點(diǎn)四：表示“第幾次做某事”，或在“itisthebest(worst,mostinteresting)+名詞+that”后面跟現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。ThisismyfirsttimethatIhavevisitedChina.ThisisthemostinterestingfilmIhaveeverseen.Thatistheonlybookthathehaswritten.五、過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，即過(guò)去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，句中有明顯的參照動(dòng)作或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。這種時(shí)態(tài)從來(lái)不孤立使用（before,after,by,uptill）。There

hadbeen25parksinourcityuptill2000.Bytheendoflasttermwe

hadfinishedthebook.They

finishedearlierthan

we

hadexpected.第9頁(yè)/共20頁(yè)考點(diǎn)四：表示“第幾次做某事”，或在“itisthe9考點(diǎn)一：用于hardly/scarcely…when;nosooner…than句型中，主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。Ihadhardlyfinishedmyworkwhenhecametoseeme.Ihadnosoonergotintotheroomthanitbegantosnow.NosoonerhadIarrivedhomethanthetelephonerang.

考點(diǎn)二：表示“第幾次做某事”，主句用過(guò)去時(shí)，從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。Thatwasthesecondtimethatshehadseenhergrandfather.Itwas3yearssincewehadbeenparted.考點(diǎn)三：動(dòng)詞hope,expect,think,intend,mean,want,suppose,pan用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，打算和意圖。（表虛擬語(yǔ)氣）IhadhopedthatIcoulddothejob.IhadintendedtoseeyoubutIwastoobusy.第10頁(yè)/共20頁(yè)考點(diǎn)一：用于hardly/scarcely…when10六、將來(lái)完成時(shí)表示將來(lái)某時(shí)刻之前將會(huì)完成的事情，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)非常明顯?？键c(diǎn)一：常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)一般用by+將來(lái)的時(shí)間。如：bytheendofthisyear,by8o’clockthisevening,byMarchnextyear以及由bythetime…,before或when等引導(dǎo)的副詞從句Bytheendofnextmonth,hewillhavetraveled1000miles.Bythetimeyoureachthestation,thetrainwillhaveleft.BynextTuesday,Iwillhavegotreadyfortheexaminations.考點(diǎn)二：在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，將來(lái)完成時(shí)則由現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示。Thechildrenwilldotheirhomeworkthemomenttheyhavearrivedbackfromschool.第11頁(yè)/共20頁(yè)六、將來(lái)完成時(shí)第11頁(yè)/共20頁(yè)11七、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說(shuō)話時(shí)或目前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)，或者表示感情色彩，加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。與頻率副詞，如：always,constantly,continually,again等連用表示說(shuō)話人的某種感情色彩（贊嘆、厭煩、埋怨等）。WearehavingEnglishclass.Thehouseisbeingbuiltthesedays.考點(diǎn)一：在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中表示將來(lái)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Don’twakehimupifheisstillsleepingat7tomorrowmorning.考點(diǎn)二：表示在最近按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。MarryisleavingonFriday.Iamcomingthisweekend.考點(diǎn)三：不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞P15第12頁(yè)/共20頁(yè)七、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)第12頁(yè)/共20頁(yè)12八、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)或某段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Theboywasdoinghishomeworkwhenhisfathercamebackfromwork.Hewastakingawalkleisurelybythelakewhenheheardsomeoneshoutforthehelp.Whatwereyoudoingatninelastnight?Theradiowasbeingrepairedwhenyoucalledme.Iwassleepingwhenthethiefcameintomyhouse.第13頁(yè)/共20頁(yè)八、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)第13頁(yè)/共20頁(yè)13九、完成進(jìn)行時(shí)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)指動(dòng)作在完成時(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上還要繼續(xù)下去。Thecompanyhasbeenpromisingariseinsalaryforages,butnothinghashappened.十、將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，或按計(jì)劃一定會(huì)發(fā)生的事情。I’llbedoingmyhomeworkthistimetomorrow.ThePresidentwillbemeetingtheforeigndelegationattheairport.第14頁(yè)/共20頁(yè)九、完成進(jìn)行時(shí)第14頁(yè)/共20頁(yè)14動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)一般用于強(qiáng)調(diào)受者，做題時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不再有名詞或賓語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)一般不單獨(dú)考，而是和時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)氣和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一起考，只是需要注意以下考點(diǎn)：考點(diǎn)一：不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞和詞組Cometrue,consistof,takeplace,happen,become,rise,occur,belong,breakout,appear,arrive,die,fall,last,exist,fail,succeed…etc.e.g.:Ittookplacebeforeliberation.第15頁(yè)/共20頁(yè)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)第15頁(yè)/共20頁(yè)15考點(diǎn)二：下列動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示被動(dòng)意義，而且常與well,quite,easily,badly等副詞連用。lock,wash,sell,read,wear,blame,ride,write…etc.Theproductssellswell.Thedoorlocks.考點(diǎn)三：一些常用的經(jīng)典被動(dòng)句型Itissaid…,Itisreported…,Itiswidelybelieved…,Itisexpected…據(jù)說(shuō)，人們認(rèn)為