廈門大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)歷年真題及詳解

2013年廈門大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)真題及詳解科目代碼：1101科目名稱：英語(yǔ)考生須知：所有答案(包括選擇題、填空題)均必須寫在答題紙上；凡在試題紙上作答的內(nèi)容均不予評(píng)閱、判分,后果考生自負(fù)。PartⅠ.VocabularyandStructure(15％)Directions：Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasingle.1ine.throughthecenter1.______onetime,Manchesterwasthehomeofthemostproductivecottonmillsintheworld.A.OnB.ByC.AtD.Of【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：曼徹斯特曾經(jīng)是世界上產(chǎn)量最大的棉紡織廠之鄉(xiāng)。atonetime為固定搭配，意為“曾經(jīng)，一度；同時(shí)”。2.IfyoucometoTokyo,Icanputyou______inanapartmentnearmycompany.A.acrossB.downC.outD.up【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：如果你來(lái)東京的話，我可以把你安排在我們公司附近的一間公寓里。putsb.up向某人提供食宿。putacross圓滿完成；使被接受。putdown鎮(zhèn)壓；記下；貶低。putout熄滅；伸出；出版。3.Itseemsoil______fromthispipeforsometime.We’llhavetotakethemachineaparttoputitright.A.hadleakedB.isleakingC.leakedD.hasbeenleaking【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：看起來(lái)這個(gè)管道漏油已經(jīng)有一段時(shí)間了。我們得把機(jī)器拆開(kāi)來(lái)處理一下。forsometime表示持續(xù)的一段時(shí)間，因此此處應(yīng)當(dāng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。4.Hewillagreetodowhatyourequire______him.A.ofB.fromC.toD.for【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：他將會(huì)同意做你所要求他做的事。requiresth.ofsb.為固定詞組，指“向某人要求某物，向某人要求某事情”。5.ThoughhewasbornandbroughtupinAmerican,hecanspeak______Chinese.A.fluidB.smoothC.fluentD.flowing【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：雖然他在美國(guó)長(zhǎng)大，但是能說(shuō)一口流利的漢語(yǔ)。fluent可用來(lái)形容語(yǔ)言說(shuō)得“流利的，流暢的”。fluid流體的，流動(dòng)的。smooth順利的；光滑的；平穩(wěn)的。flowing流動(dòng)的；平滑的；上漲的。6.Welookforwardto______theopeningceremony.A.inviteB.beinvitedC.havingbeeninvitedD.beinginvited【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：我們期待受邀參加開(kāi)幕式。固定搭配lookforwardto中的to為介詞，因此其后應(yīng)當(dāng)用名詞或動(dòng)名詞形式，排除A項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng)。由于“被邀請(qǐng)”為尚未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，因此不能用完成時(shí)，排除C項(xiàng)，因此答案選D項(xiàng)。7.Ifpeoplefeelhopeless,theydon’tbotherto______skillstheyneedtosucceed.A.adoptB.acquireC.accumulateD.assemble【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：人如果失去了希望，就不會(huì)費(fèi)力去獲取成功必需的技能。acquire獲得；取得。adopt采??；接受；收養(yǎng)。accumulate積攢。assemble集合；裝配。8.ProfessorWang,______forhisinformativelectures,waswarmlyreceivedbyhisstudents.A.knowingB.knownCtobeknownD.havingknown【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：王教授以其富有教育意義的講座見(jiàn)稱，受到了學(xué)生的熱烈歡迎。該句兩個(gè)逗號(hào)之間為定語(yǔ)成分修飾主語(yǔ)ProfessorWang。beknownfor為固定搭配，指“因…而出名”，因此答案選B。9.Shejusthadnofaithinme.ItwasWilliam______shestillhadherfaith.A.thatB.whoC.whomD.inwhom【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：她不相信我，她依舊相信的是威廉。havefaithin為固定搭配，意為“相信，對(duì)…信任”，因此答案選D。10.Theconference______afullweekbythetimeitends.A.musthavelastedB.willhavelastedC.wouldlastD.haslasted【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：到結(jié)束的時(shí)候，會(huì)議就整整持續(xù)一周了。根據(jù)bythetimeitends可知此處講述的是到將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)候事情所處的狀態(tài)，因此應(yīng)當(dāng)用將來(lái)完成時(shí)。11.“BobcertainlyhasalowopinionofSue.”—“Itcan’tbeanyworsethan______ofhim.”A.herB.hersC.sheD.shedoes【答案】D查看答案【解析】前一句指出“鮑勃對(duì)休的評(píng)價(jià)不高”，后一句則提到“她對(duì)他的評(píng)價(jià)也好不到哪兒去”?？杖碧帒?yīng)當(dāng)用she來(lái)指代Sue，而用does來(lái)替代hasalowopinion來(lái)避免重復(fù)。12.Thewomanhasnotyet______thelossofherson.A.gotupB.gotbyC.gotoverD.gotround【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：那個(gè)女人尚未克服喪子之痛。getover恢復(fù)；克服；熬過(guò)。getup起床；建造；增加。getby通過(guò)；過(guò)得去；過(guò)活。getround說(shuō)服；(消息)傳開(kāi)來(lái)；走動(dòng)。13.Eightypercentofmotherscradletheir______intheirleftarms,holdingthemagainsttheleftsideoftheirbodies.A.infantsB.hosesC.handkerchiefsD.fences【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：80％的母親用左手抱嬰兒，使其貼靠在自己身體的左側(cè)。infant嬰兒；幼兒。hose軟管；長(zhǎng)統(tǒng)襪。handkerchief手帕；頭巾。fence柵欄；圍墻；劍術(shù)。14.Theexplorerscameforwardwithgiftsofducksandflour-cakesand______troughsofwaterforthehorsestodrink.A.heldinB.heldwithC.heldunderD.heldup【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：探索者主動(dòng)提供鴨子和谷粉糕點(diǎn)作為禮物，并拿來(lái)水槽給馬喂水。holdup舉起，抬起，提起。holdin抑制，約束。holdwith贊同；容忍。15.Helikesto______everything,eventhosethathardlyconcernhim.A.offerhelptoB.getmixedupinC.haveapartinD.makeafussover【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：什么事他都喜歡參與進(jìn)去，即便有些事幾乎跟他一點(diǎn)關(guān)系都沒(méi)有。haveapartin和getmixedupin都有“參與”之意，但后者帶有“卷入某事”的負(fù)面意思，根據(jù)likesto可推測(cè)haveapartin更合適。offerhelpto后通常加sb.。makeafussover對(duì)…大驚小怪。因此答案選C。16.A______examinationforthepostofdepartmentmanagerwillbeheldnextTuesday.A.classifyingB.comparingC.contrastingD.competitive【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：下周二將會(huì)舉辦一場(chǎng)部門經(jīng)理職位選拔考試。competitiveexamination答辯考試；競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性考試；選拔試。17.Motherwassoweakafterheroperationthatthedoctorswonderediftheywouldbeableto______herthrough.A.pullB.cureC.pushD.save【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：母親動(dòng)過(guò)手術(shù)后十分虛弱，醫(yī)生都擔(dān)心能否幫她恢復(fù)健康。pullthrough使渡過(guò)；病好了；恢復(fù)健康。18.Goandseewhatyourmotheris______now.A.forB.atC.aboutD.busy【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：去看看你媽媽現(xiàn)在忙什么。beatsth.指“忙于，從事于”。19.Withthreeyoungchildrentotakecareof,Cathyiskept______everyminuteoftheday.A.walkingB.atfullspeedC.busyD.onfoot【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：有三個(gè)年幼的孩子要照顧，凱西時(shí)時(shí)刻刻都很忙。bekeptbusy指“被迫忙于”。atfullspeed全速。20.Sincehisretirement,PeterSmith,whowas______ateacher,haswrittenfournovels.A.latelyBusuallyC.formerlyD.already【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：曾是一名教師的彼得·史密森，自從退休后已經(jīng)寫了四本小說(shuō)了。who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中用了過(guò)去時(shí)的was，因此答案應(yīng)選C。formerly以前；原來(lái)。21.Wemust______onourreputationtoexpandthebusiness.A.improveB.buildC.developD.weigh【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：我們必須以信譽(yù)為基礎(chǔ)擴(kuò)大業(yè)務(wù)。buildon依靠…，建立于，以…為基礎(chǔ)。22.______itornot,hisdiscoveryhascreatedastirinscientificcircles.A.BelieveB.TobelieveC.BelievingD.Believed【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：信不信由你，他的發(fā)現(xiàn)在科學(xué)界引起了轟動(dòng)。believeitornot為習(xí)慣用法，意為“信不信由你”。23.______doesbusinesswiththatfellowisboundtolosemoney.A.WhoeverB.WhoC.NomatterwhoD.However【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：不管是誰(shuí)與那個(gè)人做生意都會(huì)賠錢。雖然whoever和nomatterwho都有“無(wú)論誰(shuí)”的意思，但是只有whoever可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句(此處為主語(yǔ)從句)，因此答案選A。24.Annneverdreamsof______forhertobesentabroadverysoon.A.therebeingachanceB.theretobeachanceC.therebeachanceD.beingachance【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：安從未想過(guò)很快就會(huì)有機(jī)會(huì)去國(guó)外。of為介詞，因此之后應(yīng)當(dāng)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故正確答案為A項(xiàng)。25.Frequentlysingle-parentchildren______someofthefunctionsthattheabsentadultinthehousewouldhaveserved.A.takeoffB.takeafterC.takeinD.takeon【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：通常單親家庭的孩子會(huì)承擔(dān)一些本應(yīng)該由所缺父親或母親承擔(dān)的責(zé)任。takeon承擔(dān)；呈現(xiàn)；具有。takeoff起飛；脫下；離開(kāi)。takeafter與…相像。takein吸收；領(lǐng)會(huì)；欺騙。26.Wheneverabigcompany______asmallone,theproductalmostalwaysgetsworse.A.getsonwithB.cutsdownC.takesoverD.putsupwith【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：只要大公司接管小公司，產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量總是變差。takeover接管；接收。getonwith在…獲得成功，與…友好相處。cutdown削減；砍倒；刪節(jié)。putupwith忍受；容忍。27.Samuel______tocompromiseonlesserquestions.A.wascompelledB.wasdelightedC.waspreparedD.wasonlytooready【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：塞繆爾被迫在在次要問(wèn)題上妥協(xié)。lesserquestions指“次要問(wèn)題”。becompelledto不得不，被強(qiáng)迫。28.Childrentendto______whileplaying,eveniftheymakeapromisebefore.A.loseallcountoftimeB.keepallcountoftimeC.beawareofthepassageoftimeD.wastetime【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：即便之前做出過(guò)承諾，孩子在玩耍時(shí)總是失去一切時(shí)間觀念。loseallcountoftime失去一切時(shí)間觀念，記不清時(shí)間。29.Asurveywascarriedoutonthedeathrateofnew-bornbabiesinthatregion,______weresurprisingA.asresultsB.whichresultsC.theresultsofitD.theresultsofwhich【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：關(guān)于那個(gè)地區(qū)新生兒死亡率的調(diào)查結(jié)果令人吃驚。逗號(hào)之后為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾前一句，因此應(yīng)當(dāng)由which引導(dǎo)，其中which指代survey。30.Ourmanagerisso______inhisthinking,heneverlistenstonewideas.A.stiffB.rigidC.tenseD.tight【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：我們的經(jīng)理思想很僵化，從來(lái)聽(tīng)不進(jìn)新觀點(diǎn)。rigid死板的；頑固的；嚴(yán)格的。stiff呆板的；堅(jiān)硬的；嚴(yán)厲的。PartIlReadingComprehension(40％)SectionA(30points)Directions：Thereare3passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthem,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage：Statusesaremarveloushumaninventionsthatenableustogetalongwithoneanotherandtodeterminewherewe"fit"insociety.Aswegoaboutoureverydaylives,wementallyattempttoplacepeopleintermsoftheirstatuses.Forexample,wemustjudgewhetherthepersoninthelibraryisareaderoralibrarian,whetherthetelephonecallerisafriendorasalesman,whethertheunfamiliarpersononourpropertyisathieforameterreader,andsoon.Thestatusesweassumeoftenvarywiththepeopleweencounter,andchangethroughoutlife.Mostofuscan,ataveryhighspeed,assumethestatusesthatvarioussituationsrequire.Muchofsocialinteractionconsistsofidentifyingandselectingamongappropriatestatusesandallowingotherpeopletoassumetheirstatusesinrelationtous.Thismeansthatwefitouractionstothoseofotherpeoplebasedonaconstantmentalprocessofappraisalandinterpretation.Althoughsomeofusfindthetaskmoredifficultthanothers,mostofusperformitrathereffortlessly.Astatushasbeencomparedtoready-madeclothes.Withincertainlimits,thebuyercanchoosestyleandfabric.ButanAmericanisnotfreetochosethecostumeofaChinesepeasantorthatofaHinduprince.Wemustchoosefromamongtheclothingpresentedbyoursociety.Furthermore,ourchoiceislimitedtoasizethatwillfit,aswellasbyourpocketbook.Havingmadeachoicewithintheselimitswecanhavecertainalterationsmade,butapartfromminoradjustments,wetendtobelimitedtowhatthestoreshaveontheirracks.Statuses,too,comereadymade,andtherangeofchoiceamongthemislimited.1.Inthefirstparagraph,thewritertellsusthatstatusescanhelpus______.A.determinewhetherapersonisfitforacertainjobB.behaveappropriatelyinrelationtootherpeopleC.protectourselvesinunfamiliarsituationsD.makefriendswithotherpeople2.Accordingtothewriter,peopleoftenassumedifferentstatuses______.A.inordertoidentifythemselveswithothersB.inordertobetteridentifyothersC.astheirmentalprocesseschangeD.asthesituationchanges3.Theword“appraisal”(Sentence4,Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans“______”.A.involvementB.appreciationC.assessmentD.presentation4.Inthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraph,thepronoun“it”refersto“______”.A.fittingouractionstothoseofotherpeopleappropriatelyB.identificationofotherpeople’sstatusesC.selectingone’sownstatusesD.constantmentalprocess5.Bysayingthat“anAmericanisnotfreetochoosethecostumeofaChinesepeasantorthatofaHinduprince”(Sentence3,Paragraph3),thewritermeans______.A.differentpeoplehavedifferentstylesofclothesB.ready-madeclothesmayneedalterationsC.statusescomereadymadejustlikeclothesD.ourchoiceofstatusesislimited【答案與解析】1.B 第一段首句提到“Statusesaremarveloushumaninventionsthatenableustogetalongwithoneanother…”，可知身份能夠幫助我們更好地與他人相處，B項(xiàng)與之表達(dá)意思相一致，因此為正確答案。2.D 文章第二段前兩句指出“Thestatusesweassumeoftenvarywiththepeopleweencounter,andchangethroughoutlife.Mostofuscan...assumethestatusesthatvarioussituationsrequire”（我們的身份隨著所接觸人的不同而改變，且一生都在變化。我們中大多數(shù)人可根據(jù)不同情形而轉(zhuǎn)換身份），因此D項(xiàng)“人們的身份會(huì)隨著情況的變化而變化”為正確答案。3.C 第二段第四句開(kāi)頭指示代詞this指前一句的內(nèi)容“Muchofsocialinteractionconsistsofidentifyingandselectingamongappropriatestatusesandallowingotherpeopletoassumetheirstatusesinrelationtous”，可推知第四句指“這意味著我們以不斷的評(píng)估和理解為基礎(chǔ)來(lái)使我們與他人的行為相一致”，因此appraisal（評(píng)價(jià)；估價(jià)）與C項(xiàng)assessment表達(dá)意思相符。4.A 根據(jù)上下文可知，第二段最后一句中的it和thetask均指的是上句所表達(dá)的主要內(nèi)容，即“wefitouractionstothoseofotherpeople”，因此本題答案選A。5.D 文章第三段前兩句中把一個(gè)人的身份比作成衣，指出“Withincertainlimits,thebuyercanchoosestyleandfabric”，隨后該段便舉例指出一個(gè)美國(guó)人不能自由選擇中國(guó)貧民和印度王子的服裝，即一個(gè)人身份的選擇是有限的。因此答案選D。Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage：Humanityusesalittlelessthanhalfthewateravailableworldwide.Yetoccurrencesofshortagesanddroughtsarecausingfamineanddistressinsomeareas,andindustrialandagriculturalby-productsarepollutingwatersupplies.Sincetheworld’spopulationisexpectedtodoubleinthenext50years,manyexpertsthinkweareontheedgeofawidespreadwatercrisis.Butthatdoesn’thavetobetheoutcome.Watershortagesdonothavetotroubletheworld—ifwestartvaluingwatermorethanwehaveinthepast.Justaswebegantoappreciatepetroleummoreafterthe1970soilcrises,todaywemuststartlookingatwaterfromafresheconomicperspective.Wecannolongeraffordtoconsiderwateravirtuallyfreeresourcewhichwecanuseasmuchaswelikeinanywaywewant.Instead,forallusesexceptthedomesticdemandofthepoor,governmentsshouldpricewatertoreflectitsactualvalue.Thismeanschargingafeeforthewateritselfaswellasforthesupplycosts.Governmentsshouldalsoprotectthisresourcebyprovidingwaterinmoreeconomicallyandenvironmentallysoundways.Forexample,oftenthecheapestwaytoprovideirrigationwaterinthedrytropicsisthroughsmall-scaleprojects,suchasgatheringrainfallindepressionsandpumpingittonearbycropland.Nomatterwhatstepsgovernmentstaketoprovidewatermoreefficiently,theymustchangetheirinstitutionalandlegalapproachestowateruse.Ratherthanspreadcontrolamonghundredsoreventhousandsoflocal,regional,andnationalagenciesthatwatchvariousaspectsofwateruse,countriesshouldsetupcentralauthoritiestocoordinatewaterpolicy.6.Whatistherealcauseofthepotentialwatercrisis?A.Onlyhalfoftheworld’swatercanbeused.B.Theworldpopulationisincreasingfasterandfaster.C.Halfoftheworld’swaterresourceshavebeenseriouslypolluted.D.Humanityhasnotplacedsufficientvalueonwaterresources.7.Asindicatedinthepassage,thewaterproblem______.A.isalreadyseriousincertainpartsoftheworldB.hasbeenexaggeratedbysomeexpelsinthefieldC.posesachallengetothetechnologyofbuildingreservoirsD.isunderestimatedbygovernmentorganizationsatdifferentlevels8.Accordingtotheauthor,thewaterpriceshould______.A.bereducedtotheminimumB.stimulatedomesticdemandC.correspondtoitsrealvalueD.takeintoaccounttheoccurrencesofdroughts9.Theauthorsaysthatinsomehotanddryareasitisadvisableto______.A.buildbiglakestostorewaterB.constructbigpumpingstationsC.buildsmallandcheapirrigationsystemsD.channelwaterfromnearbyriverstocropland10.Inordertoraisetheefficiencyofthewatersupply,measuresshouldbetakento______A.guaranteefullprotectionoftheenvironmentB.centralizethemanagementofwaterresourcesC.increasethesenseofresponsibilityofagenciesatalllevelsD.encouragelocalandregionalprotectionofwaterresources【答案與解析】6.B 根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句提到的“Sincetheworld’spopulationisexpectedtodoubleinthenext50years,manyexpertsthinkweareontheedgeofawidespreadwatercrisis”，可知人口增長(zhǎng)越來(lái)越快是潛在水危機(jī)的真正原因。因此答案選B。7.D 根據(jù)文章第一段第二句提到的“Yetoccurrencesofshortagesanddroughtsarecausingfamineanddistressinsomeareas”（然而，在有些地區(qū)水資源缺乏和干旱正在引起饑荒和貧困），可知水資源缺乏問(wèn)題在世界上有些地區(qū)已經(jīng)相當(dāng)嚴(yán)重，因此A項(xiàng)為正確答案。8.C 第三段首句提到“Instead,forallusesexceptthedomesticdemandofthepoor,governmentsshouldpricewatertoreflectitsactualvalue”，由此可知作者認(rèn)為對(duì)水的定價(jià)應(yīng)當(dāng)反映出其真實(shí)的價(jià)值，因此正確答案為C項(xiàng)。9.D 文章倒數(shù)第二段最后一句講述到如何在干旱的熱帶地區(qū)提供灌溉用水，該句指出最經(jīng)濟(jì)的方法是“throughsmall-scaleprojects,suchasgatheringrainfallindepressionsandpumpingittonearbycropland”，即通過(guò)小規(guī)模的（灌溉）項(xiàng)目。該處舉出的例子是收集低洼處的雨水，然后把其抽到附近的農(nóng)田里，而非D項(xiàng)的“從附近的河流引水到農(nóng)田”。因此本題答案選C。10.B 文章最后一段談到提高水供應(yīng)效率的問(wèn)題，該段首句指出不管政府采取何種措施，必須要做出改變的是其institutionalandlegalapproachestowateruse，根據(jù)隨后提到的“countriesshouldsetupcentralauthoritiestocoordinatewaterpolicy”，可知應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)水資源采取集中化管理，因此答案選B。Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage：Everynightshelistenedtoherfathergoingaroundthehouse,lockingthedoorsandwindows.Shelistened:thebackdoorclosed;shecouldhearthefastenerofthekitchenwindow’sclick,andtherestlesspadofhisfeetgoingbacktotrythefrontdoor.Itwasn’tonlytheoutsidedoorshelocked;helockedtheemptykitchentoo.Hewaslookingsomethingout,butobviouslyitwassomethingcapableofenteringintohisfirstdefenses.Heraisedhissecondlineallthewayuptobed.Infourteenyears,shethoughtunhappily,thehousewillbehis;hehadpaidtwenty-fivepoundsdownandtheresthewaspayingmonthbymonthasrent.“Ofcourse,”hewasinthehabitofsaying,“I’veimprovedtheproperty.”“Yes”herepeated,I’veimprovedtheproperty,”lookingaroundforanailtodrivein,aweedtouproot.Itwasmorethanasenseofproperty;itwasasenseofhonesty.Somepeoplewhoboughttheirhomesthroughthesocietyletthemgotorackandruinandthenclearedout.Shestoodwithherearagainstthewall,asmall,dark,angry,immaturefigure.Therewasnomoretobeheardfromtheotherroom;butinherinnerearshestillheardthefootstepsofapropertyowner,thetap-tapofahammer,thescrapeofaspade,thewhistleofradiatorsteam,akeyturning,aboltpushedhome,thelittlebusysoundsofmenbuildingbarriers.Shestoodplanning.11.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEofthefatherinthepassage?A.Hethoughtalotabouthisdaughter’sfuture.B.Hesavedalotofmoneyforhisdaughter.C.Hethoughtthathewassecure.D.Heavoidedhisneighborsonpurpose.12.Fromthepassagewecanseethatthefatheris______A.kindtohisdaughterandneighborsB.crueltohisdaughterandneighborsC.systematicalinhisactionsD.carefulabouthisappearance13.Accordingtothepassage,thedaughter’sattitudetowardhisfatherisof______.A.slightdislikeB.greatdisapprovalC.strongloveD.gratefulacceptance14.Whichofthefollowingfeelingsisconveyedinthepassage?A.Tenseness.B.Peace.C.Nervousness.D.Happiness.15.AllofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPTthat______.A.thefatherbuilthisdefensescarefullyB.somepropertyownerslettheirhomesgoworseC.thedaughterwasthinandveryyoungD.thefatherpunishedthegirlwhenshewasyoung【答案與解析】11.D 本題在文中并沒(méi)有直接答案，但根據(jù)文中描述的父親不安地（restlesspad）檢查門窗是否鎖好，以及最后一段倒數(shù)第二句提到的“thelittlebusysoundsofmenbuildingbarriers”，可知人們都在忙著設(shè)置與他人分割開(kāi)來(lái)的屏障。由此可推測(cè)父親可能是有意在避開(kāi)鄰居。因此答案選D。12.C 文章第一段介紹到這位女兒聽(tīng)到父親的一系列動(dòng)作：先把后門關(guān)上，然后鎖上廚房窗戶，接著再去看前門是否鎖上…由此可見(jiàn)這位父親做事比較有條理。systematical有系統(tǒng)的；有條理的；有計(jì)劃有步驟的。因此答案選C。13.B 第二段和第三段首句分別提到“Infourteenyears,shethoughtunhappily...”和“Shestoodwithherearagainstthewall,asmall,dark,angry,immaturefigure”，從unhappily和angry可以看出這個(gè)女兒對(duì)其父親的行為相當(dāng)不贊同，因此答案選B。14.A 根據(jù)文章第一段描述的“restlesspadofhisfeet”和“Hewaslookingsomethingout,butobviouslyitwassomethingcapableofenteringintohisfirstdefenses.Heraisedhissecondlineallthewayuptobed”，以及最后一段的“thelittlebusysoundsofmenbuildingbarriers”，可知文章中表達(dá)出一種緊張、焦慮的氣氛。因此答案選A。15.D 文章第一段介紹到父親在睡覺(jué)前把門窗都仔細(xì)鎖好，并提到他在尋找somethingcapableofenteringintohisfirstdefenses以及raisedhissecondlineallthewayuptobed，可知A項(xiàng)表述正確；B項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)第二段最后一句的內(nèi)容；C項(xiàng)符合第三段首句對(duì)女兒的描述“asmall,dark,angry,immaturefigure”。只有D項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容在文中沒(méi)有被提及，因此答案選D。SectionB(10points)Directions:Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions1～5,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA~Efitintoeachofthenumberedblank.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.WhereIstheNewsLeadingUs?NotlongagoIwasaskedtojoininapublicsymposiumontheroleoftheAmericanpress.Twootherspeakerswereincludedontheprogram.ThefirstwasadistinguishedTVanchorman.Theotherwastheeditorofoneofthenation’sleadingpapers,anewsmantothecore—tough,aggressive,andsavvyinthewaysandmeansofsolidreporting.Thepurposeofthesymposium,asIunderstoodit,wastoscrutinizetheobligationsofthemediaandtosuggestthebestwaystomeetthoseobligations.1______Why,heasked,arethenewspapersandtelevisionnewsprogramssodisaster-prone?Whyarenewsmenandwomensoattractedtotragedy,violence,failure?Theanchormanandeditorreactedasthoughtheyhadbeenblamedfortheexistenceofbadnews.Newsmenandnewswomen,theysaid,areonlyresponsibleforreportingthenews,notforcreatingitormodifyingit.2.______Thegentlemanwhohadaskeditwasnotblamingthemforthedistortionsintheworld.Hewasjustwonderingwhydistortionsaremostreported.Thenewsmediaseemtooperateonthephilosophythatallnewsisbadnews.Why?Coulditbethattheemphasisondownsidenewsislargelytheresultoftradition—thewaynewsmenandnewswomenareaccustomedtorespondtodailyevents?3.______Newsissupposedtodealwithhappeningsofthepast12hours—24hoursatmost.Anythingthathappenssosuddenly,however,isapttobeeruptive.Asniperkillssomepedestrians;aterroristholds250peoplehostageinaplane;OPECannouncesa25percentincreaseinpetroleumprices;GreatBritaindevaluesbyanother10percent;atruckconveyingradioactiveWastescollideswithamobilecementmixer.4.______Civilizationisalotmorethanthesumtotalofitscatastrophes.Themostimportantingredientinanycivilizationisprogress.Butprogressdoesn’thappenallatonce.Itisnoteruptive.Generally,itcomesinbitsandpieces,verylittleofitclearlyvisibleatanygivenmoment,butallofitinvolvedinthemakingofhistoricalchangeforthebetter.Itisthisaspectoflivinghistorythatmostnewsreportingreflectsinadequately.Theresultisthatweareunderinformedaboutpositivedevelopmentsandoverinformedaboutdisasters.This,inturn,leadstoapublicmoodofdefeatismanddespair,whichinthemselvestendtobeinhibitorsofprogress.Anunrelieveddietoferuptivenewsdepletestheessentialhumanenergiesafreesocietyneeds.5.______Iamnotsuggestingthat“positive”newshecontrivedasanantidotetothedisastersonpageone.NordoIdefinepositivenewsasin-depthreportageoffunctionsofthelocalYMCA.WhatIamtryingtogetacrossisthenotionthattheresponsibilityofthenewsmediaistosearchoutandreportonimportantevents—whetherornottheycomeundertheheadingofconflict,confrontation,orcatastrophe.Theworldisasplendidcombinationofheavenandhell,andbothsectorscallforattentionandscrutiny.A.Focusingsolelyonthesedetails,however,producesamisshapenpicture.B.Perhapsitwouldbeusefulheretoexaminethewaywedefinethewordnews,forthisiswheretheproblembegins.C.Amoodofhopelessnessandcynicismishardlylikelytofurnishtheenergyneededtomeetseriouschallenges.D.Duringtheopen-discussionperiod;agentlemanintheaudienceaddressedaquestiontomytwocolleagues.E.Itdidn’tseemtomethatthenewsmenhadansweredthequestion.【答案與解析】1.D 該空之后提到：他問(wèn)道：“為何…”。D項(xiàng)指出“在公開(kāi)討論環(huán)節(jié)，觀眾席中一位先生向我的兩位同事提出一個(gè)問(wèn)題”，其中該項(xiàng)中的agentleman和addressedaquestion分別與該空之后句中的he和asked相對(duì)應(yīng)。因此D項(xiàng)符合上下文。2.E 上文描述到對(duì)于觀眾提出的“為何報(bào)紙和電臺(tái)新聞節(jié)目如此傾向于報(bào)道負(fù)面新聞”的問(wèn)題，主持人和編輯的反應(yīng)是好像他們?yōu)閴南⒌拇嬖谑艿搅素?zé)難。他們回答說(shuō)，新聞界人士只負(fù)責(zé)報(bào)道新聞而不創(chuàng)造或修改新聞。E項(xiàng)“我認(rèn)為他們沒(méi)有回答那位先生的問(wèn)題”使文章上下連接順暢。3.B 此處下一句指出“新聞應(yīng)該是報(bào)道過(guò)去十二小時(shí)，最遲二十四小時(shí)內(nèi)所發(fā)生的事情”，B項(xiàng)“或許檢視一下我們?nèi)绾味x新聞這個(gè)詞會(huì)有所幫助，因?yàn)閱?wèn)題是從這里開(kāi)始的”與下句連接緊密。4.A 前文講述了突發(fā)的負(fù)面事件，該段下一句指出“人類文明成果遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)多于災(zāi)難總和”，A項(xiàng)“然而，僅僅關(guān)注這些細(xì)節(jié)我們得到的將會(huì)是一個(gè)失真的畫面”起到承上啟下的作用。5.C 該空前一句講述到了爆發(fā)性新聞的弊端：爆發(fā)性新聞使人憂心忡忡，大大消減了自由社會(huì)所需的人的動(dòng)力。C項(xiàng)“絕望和憤世的情緒使人沒(méi)有動(dòng)力迎接嚴(yán)峻的考驗(yàn)”與之語(yǔ)調(diào)相一致，上下銜接自然順暢。PartⅢ.ShortAnswerQuestions(10％)Directions：Readthefollowingpassageandthengiveshortanswerstothefivequestions.WriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheetSurveyshaveshownthatmostfootballandbasketballinjuriesinvolvetheknee,eitherthroughtwistingorthroughapplicationoflateralforce.Surgeryforsuchinjurieshasbecomemuchsimplerwiththeinventionofathindevicecontainingafiberopticslightthatcanbeinsertedintoathinslitintheknee.Repaircanbeaccomplishedthroughthisnarrowopening.Long-distancerunnersalsosufferkneeinjuries,butamorecommonproblemforrunnersisstressfracture,whichisaweakeningofthefrontoftheshinbonecausedbyoveruse,withpainandpossiblebonecrackingastheresult.Ligamenttearsaremorecommoningymnastics.Almostalltheseconditionshealwithrest.Preventionofinjuriesdependsprimarilyongoodconditioning.Athletesarealsoprotectedbytheuseofbetterpaddingmaterialsandoffacemasksandeyeprotectorsinroughsports.Theimproperorillegaluseofdrugsandsubstancesforthetemporaryimprovementofathleticperformanceincompetitionshasbeenafrequentsubjectofinquirysincethe1960s,whendrugmisusebyathletestogainanunfairadvantagebegantorisedramatically.Anabolicsteroidssupposedlyimprovestrengthandendurance,buttheycanalsohaveharmfulsideeffectsasliverdamage.Testsfordrugssuchasheroinandother,stimulantswereintroducedattheOlympicGamesin1968.Anabolicsteroidswerenotbanneduntil1974,whenasuitabletestwasdeveloped.Theillegalityofsomedrugshasnotbeenacceptedbyanumberofotherinternationalandnationalamateurathleticfederations,forreasonsincludingtestinguncertainties,doubtsaboutbanningcertainmedicinalsubstancesorcommondrugssuchascaffeine,andsimplelackofconcern.Controversyhasalsoarisenoverthelegalityofthepracticeof“blooddoping,”inwhichanathletereceivesabloodtransfusionjustbeforeanevent.Theresultingincreaseinredbloodcellsapparentlyincreasestheathlete’saerobicpower.1.Inadditiontokneeinjuries,whatwillalsohealwithrest?2.Whatdoestheword“slit”inPara.1mostprobablymean?3.Whenwerethetestsfordrugsusedatthe:OlympicGames?4.Accordingtothepassage,drugmisusebyathletesisconsideredas______5.Controversyarisesovertheillegalityofsomecommondrugsdueto______【答案與解析】1.Stressfractureandligamenttears.文章第一段講述到在足球和籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)中受傷幾乎都會(huì)涉及到膝蓋，隨后該段提及長(zhǎng)跑運(yùn)動(dòng)員更易遭受的stressfracture（應(yīng)力骨折）以及體操運(yùn)動(dòng)中比較常見(jiàn)的ligamenttear（韌帶撕裂）。根據(jù)該段倒數(shù)第三句提到的“Almostalltheseconditionshealwithrest”，可知kneeinjuries，stressfracture和ligamenttears經(jīng)過(guò)休息都會(huì)痊愈。2.Alongnarrowcut.slit一詞出現(xiàn)在第一段第二句，該句指出“隨著一種包含光纖燈設(shè)備的發(fā)明，治療膝蓋受傷已變得相當(dāng)容易。該設(shè)備可被放進(jìn)膝蓋的小裂縫之中”?？芍猻lit在此處指的是膝蓋里的裂縫。3.In1968.根據(jù)第二段第三句“TestsfordrugssuchasheroinandotherstimulantswereintroducedattheOlympicGamesin1968”，可知從1968年在奧運(yùn)會(huì)上開(kāi)始對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員進(jìn)行藥物檢測(cè)。4.unfair文章第二段首句提到“...whendrugmisusebyathletestogainanunfairadvantagebegantorisedramatically”，根據(jù)anunfairadvantage可知運(yùn)動(dòng)員濫用藥物以獲得優(yōu)勢(shì)被認(rèn)為是不公平的。因此本題答案為unfair。5.doubtaboutbanningthem第二段倒數(shù)第三句提到“Theillegalityofsomedrugshasnotbeenaccepted...forreasonsincluding...doubtsaboutbanningcertainmedicinalsubstancesorcommondrugssuchascaffeine...”，可知關(guān)于運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)合某些常用藥物的使用是否合法的爭(zhēng)議源于關(guān)于是否應(yīng)禁止服用這些藥物存在疑問(wèn)。PartIV.English-ChineseTranslation(15％)Directions：ReadthepassageCarefullyandtranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.WriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.DoingaPhDiscertainly:notforeverybody,andIdonotrecommenditformostpeople.HoweverIamreallygladIgotmyPhDratherthanjustgettingajobafterfinishingmy—Bachelor’sThenumberonereasonisthatIlearnedahellofalotdoingthePhD,andmostofthethingsIlearnedlwouldnevergetexposedtoinatypicalsoftwareengineeringjob(1).TheprocessofdoingaPhDtrainsyoutodoresearch:toreadresearchpapers,torunexperiments,towritepapers,togivetalks.Italsoteachesyouhowtofigureoutwhatproblemneedstobesolved.YougainaverysophisticatedtechnicalbackgrounddoingthePhD,andhavingyourworksubjecttotheintensescrutinyoftheacademic:peer-reviewprocess—nottomentionyourthesiscommittee.IthinkofthePhDa1ittleliketheGrandTour,atraditioninthe16thand17thcenturieswhereyouthswouldtravelaroundEurope,geeingarichexposuretohighsocietyinFrance,It