四川省廣安市岳池縣第一中學(xué)高中英語外研版3導(dǎo)學(xué)案 Module 3 THe Violence 第4課時(shí)

學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精Period4：Grammar學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：1。了解過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式2。了解間接引語的表達(dá)3。利用例句歸納出語法規(guī)則學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)：了解過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式學(xué)習(xí)難點(diǎn):利用例句歸納出語法規(guī)則課前預(yù)習(xí)使用說明與學(xué)法指導(dǎo)：1。利用例句歸納出語法規(guī)則2。15分鐘之內(nèi)完成預(yù)習(xí)自測(cè):觀察下列從ReadingandVocabulary中選取的句子，體會(huì)過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài).①Bythetimeitended,morethan700peoplehadbeenkilledand2，700hadbeeninjured。②CoghlantravelledbacktoCanada—afterhehadbeenburiedinTexas！過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)由“"構(gòu)成，表示某被動(dòng)動(dòng)作在過去某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作已發(fā)生.我的疑問:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________課內(nèi)探究質(zhì)疑探究:過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)一、構(gòu)成had＋been＋過去分詞二、用法1．表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成了的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。該動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是“過去的過去”；這一過去時(shí)間可用by,at，before等構(gòu)成的短語或when,after，until等引導(dǎo)的從句或通過上下文來表示。Theprojecthadbeencompletedbytheendof2012.這項(xiàng)工程已于2012年底竣工.Theclassroomhadbeencleanedbeforewecame.我們來之前，教室已被打掃干凈。2．表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始，延續(xù)到過去另一時(shí)間的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作，該動(dòng)作可能還要延續(xù)下去；常和for或since引導(dǎo)的表示一段時(shí)間的短語或從句連用.Thesalehadbeenadvertisedforseveralweeks。這場(chǎng)拍賣會(huì)已經(jīng)做了好幾個(gè)星期的廣告。Muchworkhadbeendonesinceshearrivedhere。自她抵達(dá)這里后做了許多工作.3．用在含有被動(dòng)形式的間接引語或賓語從句中，常放在像said,told，thought,wondered等過去時(shí)動(dòng)詞的后面，表示在這些動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Myclassmatetoldmethathehadbeenpunishedbyhisteacher。我同學(xué)告訴我他已經(jīng)受到了老師的懲罰。Weallthoughthehadbeenkilledintheplanecrash。我們都以為他在飛機(jī)失事中喪生了。直接引語和間接引語直接引述別人的原話，叫做直接引語；用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話叫做間接引語。直接引語如改為間接引語，必須在語序、人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和狀語方面做相應(yīng)變化.一、句型變化1．陳述句直接引語如果是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，用連詞that引導(dǎo)（that在口語中常省略).“Iwillneverforgetthisinterestinglesson，”saidPaul.“我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記這有趣的一課，"保羅說?！鶳aulsaidthathewouldneverforgetthatinterestinglesson.保羅說他永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記那有趣的一課。2.疑問句直接引語如果是疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),要把疑問句語序改為陳述句語序(主語在謂語前面），句末用句號(hào)，主語的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和狀語也要作相應(yīng)的變化。（1）一般疑問句:直接引語如果是一般疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),要用連詞whether或if引導(dǎo).主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是said時(shí)，要改為asked.沒有間接賓語的,可以加一個(gè)間接賓語(me，him或us等)。Hesaid，“CanyouspeakFrench?”→Heaskedmeif/whetherIcouldspeakFrench。Hesaid，“Didyouseemelastnight？"→Heasked（me）whether/ifIhadseenhimthenightbefore。（2)特殊疑問句：直接引語如果是特殊疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，仍用原來的疑問詞引導(dǎo)?！癢heredoyouusuallyhavelunch？”heaskedme.→HeaskedmewhereIusuallyhadlunch。3.祈使句轉(zhuǎn)述祈使句，要將祈使句的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閹o的不定式,并根據(jù)句子意思在不定式的前面加上tell,ask，order等動(dòng)詞,其句型是:tell/ask/ordersb.todosth。，如果祈使句為否定式，在不定式的前面加not?！癕akesurethedoorisshut，"shesaidtoherlittleson.“一定要關(guān)上門,”她對(duì)她的小兒子說?！鶶hetoldherlittlesontomakesurethedoorwasshut.她對(duì)她的小兒子說一定要關(guān)上門。“Don’tsmokeintheroom,”hesaidtome?！安灰诜块g里吸煙.”他對(duì)我說。→Hetoldmenottosmokeintheroom.他對(duì)我說不要在房間里吸煙.二、時(shí)態(tài)變化將直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要做相應(yīng)的變化：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)→一般過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)→過去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般過去時(shí)→過去完成時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)→過去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般將來時(shí)→過去將來時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)→過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)→過去完成時(shí)三、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語也要做相應(yīng)的變化直接引語間接引語this(這）that(那）these（這些）those（那些）now(現(xiàn)在)then(那時(shí)）today（今天）thatday（那天）yesterday(昨天）thedaybefore（前一天)lastyear（去年)theyearbefore(前一年）ago（……以前）before(……以前）tomorrow(明天)thenextday（第二天)nextmonth（下個(gè)月)thenextmonth（第二個(gè)月)here(這兒）there（那兒）come(來)go（去）bring（帶來)take（拿去)Shesaidtome，“Icomeherefiveyearsago.”她對(duì)我說，“我五年前住在這兒?！薄鶶hetoldmeshecametherefiveyearsbefore。她告訴我說她五年前住在那兒。Hesaidtome，“Iwillseehernextweek。"他對(duì)我說，“我下星期去看她。”→Hetoldmehewouldseeherthenextweek.他告訴我說他下星期去看她。【提示】（1）人稱變化一隨主、二隨賓，第三人稱不更新。＝“I'llletyouknowassoonasIgetthetickets。"hetoldme?！鶫etoldmehewouldletmeknowassoonashegotthetickets?！癢hatareyourparentsandwheredotheylive?"thepolicemanaskedme?！鶷hepolicemanaskedmewhatmyparentswereandwheretheylived。（2)時(shí)態(tài)不變的特殊情況如下:①直接引語是客觀真理、諺語或名人名言時(shí)。Hesaid，“Theearthgoesaroundthesun?！薄鶫esaidthattheearthgoesaroundthesun。Hesaid,“Wherethereisawill，thereisaway."→Hesaidwherethereisawill,thereisaway。②當(dāng)直接引語中有具體的過去時(shí)間作狀語時(shí)，間接引語仍然用一般過去時(shí)。Mr。Wangsaid，“IwasborninChinainSeptember,1972?！薄鶰r。WangsaidhewasborninChinainSeptember，1972。③當(dāng)直接引語是過去完成時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)。Shesaid，“TheyhadleftwhenIarrivedhere。”→Shesaidtheyhadleftwhenshearrivedthere。④當(dāng)直接引語表示客觀的時(shí)刻表時(shí)。Hesaid,“Theplanetakesoffat6:30a．m?！薄鶫esaidthattheplanetakesoffat6：30a．m.當(dāng)堂檢測(cè):用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空1．Theclassroom（clean)beforetheteachercame.2．Mybrotheralwaysaskedme（tell）stories.3．TheyaskedmeifI（know)suchrulesbefore.4．MissSmithtoldusthatshe(come）backthenextday。5．Greatchanges(take)placeinmyhometownsince1980。6．Irememberedthatthebook（leave)intheclassroom.7．Myteachertoldmethattheearth(be）round。8．Heaskedmeifthework（finish）．9．HeaskedmeifI（be）interestedinEnglish。10．Theteachertoldthestudents（stop）talking。課后反思：__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________課后訓(xùn)練單項(xiàng)填空1．Attheendofthemeeting,itwasannouncedthatanagreement。A．hasbeenreachedB．hadbeenreachedC．hasreachedD．hadreached2．Thekind。heartedcoupledecidedtoadoptthechildwhoseparentsinanaccident。A．hadbeenkilledB．a(chǎn)rekilledC．hadkilledD．killed3．Noonecanbesureinamillionyears。A．whatmanwilllooklikeB．whatwillmanlooklikeC．manwilllooklikewhatD．whatlookwillmanlike4．Bytheendoflastyear，anothernewgymnasiuminBeijing。A．wouldbecompletedB．wasbeingcompletedC．hasbeencompletedD．hadbeencompleted5．WhenIgotthere，IthathetoShanghai。A．told；hadgoneB．wastold;hadgoneC．washeard;wentD．told；hadbeen6．Icouldn’tunderstandwit