新概念英語(yǔ)第四冊(cè)第十九單元單詞學(xué)習(xí)

新概念英語(yǔ)第四冊(cè)第十九單元單詞學(xué)習(xí)PAGEPAGE1新概念英語(yǔ)第四冊(cè)第十九單元單詞學(xué)習(xí)speculation推測(cè)/,spekju'lei??n/Yourspeculationswereallquiteclosetothetruth.你的揣測(cè)都很接近于事實(shí)。Speculationisadangerouswayoftryingtomakefortune.做投機(jī)買賣是一種很危險(xiǎn)的謀財(cái)之道。engageinspeculation從事投機(jī),做投機(jī)生意leadtothespeculation引起猜測(cè)muchgiventospeculation想入非非onspeculation投機(jī),碰運(yùn)氣地spreadthespeculationthat散播空氣說(shuō)【搭配】ADJ.considerable,intense,much,widespreadspeculation相當(dāng)多的/強(qiáng)烈的/多方的/廣泛的猜測(cè)further,increasing,renewedspeculation進(jìn)一步的推測(cè)；越來(lái)越多的猜測(cè)；新一輪的猜測(cè)continuing,endlessspeculation持續(xù)的猜測(cè)；無(wú)休止的猜測(cè)purespeculation純屬推測(cè)merespeculation推測(cè)而已:Whetherornothewillgetthejobismerespeculation.他到底能否得到這份工作只是推測(cè)而已。wildspeculation無(wú)根據(jù)的猜測(cè)fruitless,idlespeculation徒勞的猜測(cè)；毫無(wú)意義的推測(cè)rifespeculation推測(cè)紛紛:Speculationwasrifeastowhomtheprincemightmarry.大家都在推測(cè)王子會(huì)娶誰(shuí)。media,pressspeculation媒體的臆測(cè)metaphysical,philosophicalspeculation形而上學(xué)的思辨；哲學(xué)思辨【搭配】VERB+SPECULATIONcause,encourage,fuel,giveriseto,increase,intensify,invite,leadto,prompt,raisespeculation引發(fā)推測(cè)；加劇猜測(cè)dampen,discourage,end,putanendtospeculation消除猜測(cè)；結(jié)束推測(cè)dismissspeculation打消猜測(cè)indulgeinspeculation恣意猜測(cè)literally確實(shí)/'lit?r?li/inaliteralmannerorsense;exactly按照字面地，逐字地，確切地Thedrivertookitliterallywhenaskedtogostraightovertheroundabout.司機(jī)以為真的讓他直接沖過(guò)環(huán)形路。Ihavereceivedliterallythousandsofletters.我收到了好幾千封信。Hetranslatedthepassageliterally.他逐字逐句地翻譯這段文字。Shewasliterallybluewithcold.她真的冷得全身青紫。Thechildrenwereliterallystarving.孩子們的確是在挨餓。Thecitywasliterallydestroyed.城市差不多全毀了。odd奇特的differenttowhatisusualorexpected;strange反常的；奇怪的theneighborsthoughthimveryodd.鄰居們認(rèn)為他很怪。It’soddthatshedidn'trecognizeme.真怪，她竟沒(méi)認(rèn)出我來(lái)。Hehascometouseveryoddyearsince1981.自從1981年以來(lái)，他每逢單數(shù)年份就來(lái)探望我們一次。Shelookedyoungerthanherfifty-oddyears.她看不出已有50多歲的年紀(jì)了。Theylostaclose-foughtgamebytheoddgoalinfive.他們以一球之差輸?shù)袅艘粓?chǎng)爭(zhēng)奪激烈的Whenyou'vegotanoddfiveminutes,couldIhaveaword?如果你有五分鐘空余時(shí)間，我能跟你說(shuō)句話嗎？。Ihadratheranoddexperiencetheotherday.前幾天我有過(guò)非常奇怪的經(jīng)歷。Itwasoddofhertodothat.她那樣做太奇怪了。Ithrewawaytheoddglove.我丟棄了那只不成對(duì)的手套。Threeisanoddnumber.三是個(gè)奇數(shù)。Hemakesalivingbydoingoddjob.他通過(guò)做臨時(shí)的工作來(lái)謀生。Herearetwooddvolumesofanencyclopedia.這兒有兩卷零散的百科全書。oddnumbers奇數(shù)theoddmonth大月(指有31天的月份)anoddshoe單只鞋oddvolumes散冊(cè),零本oddlot零星貨物;不成套的東西;(交易所)零星股sixtythousandodd六萬(wàn)多oddmoney(剩下的)零錢anoddman[hand]打雜的短工atoddtimes[moments]有空的時(shí)候;偶而anoddfellow奇怪的人oddcorners偏僻的角落【同義詞】oddpeculiarqueerstrange意思都含“奇怪的”。odd指“超出常規(guī)的”或“超出預(yù)期的不正常的”,強(qiáng)調(diào)“違反正常情況”,如:Thebookisanoddcombinationofaudacityandintenseconservatism.那本書很怪,所談內(nèi)容既很大膽,又非常保守。peculiar指“與眾不同的“、“罕見(jiàn)的”,強(qiáng)調(diào)“獨(dú)特性”,如:Heisverypeculiarinhisbehavior.他的舉止很古怪。queer指“古怪的”,強(qiáng)調(diào)“違反正常的”,含有“可笑的”、“可疑的”的意思,如:Ihadaqueersensationasifawormwascreepingdownmyspine.我有一種可疑的感覺(jué),好象有個(gè)蟲子在順著我的脊梁往下爬似的。strange是最普通、應(yīng)用范圍最廣的詞,指“奇怪的”、“陌生的”,強(qiáng)調(diào)“不常見(jiàn)的”、“生疏的”,如:It'sstrangethatthebushasbeendelayedsolong.真奇怪,汽車竟耽誤這么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。tissue組織/'ti?u/Theteachershowedthestudentsthepicturesofbraintissues.老師給學(xué)生們看腦組織的圖片。Givesomefacetissuestome.給我些面巾紙。Whathesaidisatissueoflies.他所說(shuō)的是一派謊言。【搭配】ADJ.livingtissue活組織healthy,normaltissue健康的組織；正常的組織:VitaminChelpsmaintainhealthyconnectivetissue.維生素C有助于維持健康的結(jié)締組織。damaged,diseasedtissue受損的組織；生病的組織animal,human,planttissue動(dòng)物組織；人體組織；植物組織:Dyeswereextractedbyboilingtheplanttissue.染料從煮沸的植物組織中提取。body,brain,intestinal,muscle,etc.tissue肌體、大腦、腸、肌肉等組織connective,scartissue結(jié)締組織；瘢痕組織fat,fatty,fibrous,softtissue脂肪組織；纖維組織；軟組織:Shetreatsskinandsofttissueinjuriesincasualty.她處理傷者的皮膚和軟組織?！敬钆洹縌UANT.Aboxoftissue,pack,packet,wad一盒紙巾；一包紙巾；一疊紙巾:Shegrabbedawadoftissuesfromtheboxandsoakedupthespiltwine.她從盒子里抽出一沓紙巾把濺出的酒吸乾。plausible似乎有道理的(ofanargumentorstatement)seemingreasonableorprobable（論點(diǎn)，觀點(diǎn)）似乎有道理的；似乎可能的aplausibleexplanation似乎有點(diǎn)道理的解釋。Itseemsplausiblethatoneoftwothingsmayhappen.這兩件事中似乎有一件會(huì)發(fā)生。Therewasnowaythestorycouldbemadetosoundevenremotelyplausible.這話再怎么說(shuō)都全然說(shuō)不通。Thisexplanationfitsthefactsandispsychologicallyplausible.這一解釋與事實(shí)相符，從心理角度看也有理。aplausibleexcuse似乎有理的辯解。hypothesis假說(shuō)asuppositionorproposedexplanationmadeonthebasisoflimitedevidenceasastartingpointforfurtherinvestigation假設(shè)Wehaveprovedthehypothesis.我們已經(jīng)證明了這種假設(shè)。Thetheoryisbasedonthehypothesisthatallmenarebornequal.這個(gè)理論基于人人平等的前提。hypothesis/hai'p?θisis/【搭配】ADJ.acceptable,plausiblehypothesis可以接受的假設(shè)；言之成理的假說(shuō)boldhypothesis大膽的假設(shè):Scientistshaveproposedaboldhypothesis.科學(xué)家們提出了一個(gè)大膽的假設(shè)。unlikelyhypothesis不太可能成立的假設(shè)speculativehypothesis推測(cè)性假說(shuō)testablehypothesis可驗(yàn)證假說(shuō)workinghypothesis暫定的假說(shuō):scientifichypothesis科學(xué)假說(shuō)【搭配】VERB+HYPOTHESISconstruct,form,formulate,have,make,propose,putforward,suggestahypothesis創(chuàng)立假說(shuō)；作出假設(shè)；提出假說(shuō):Itispossibletomakeahypothesisonthebasisofthisgraph.以這張圖表為基礎(chǔ)作出假設(shè)是可能的。Anumberofhypotheseshavebeenputforward.已經(jīng)提出了幾項(xiàng)假說(shuō)。consider,discuss,examine,test(out)ahypothesis考慮假設(shè)；討論假說(shuō)；驗(yàn)證假設(shè):usingthisdatatotestherhypothesis用這些數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證她的假設(shè)confirm,prove,supportahypothesis證實(shí)假設(shè)；支持假說(shuō)acceptahypothesis接受假說(shuō)rejectahypothesis拒絕假說(shuō):Noneofthehypothesescanberejectedatthisstage.在現(xiàn)階段任何一個(gè)假說(shuō)都不能排除。Theresultsconfirmedhishypothesisontheuseofmodalverbs.結(jié)果證實(shí)了他的關(guān)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法的假設(shè)。牛津英語(yǔ)同義詞詞典anunprovedhypothesis未經(jīng)證實(shí)的假設(shè)。punctuate不時(shí)介入：/,p??ktjueit/(常作bepunctuated)occuratintervalsthroughout(acontinuingeventoraplace)不時(shí)打斷（連續(xù)事件，相連之處）Thecountry'shistoryhasbeenpunctuatedbycoups.該國(guó)歷史上曾多次發(fā)生政變。Shepunctuatesherconversationwithsnatchesofsong.她在談話過(guò)程中不時(shí)唱上一曲。Whenitispunctuated,themeaningbecomesclear.加上標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào),意思就清楚了。Hemadegesturestopunctuatehisspeech.他打手勢(shì)來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)他的講話。Theprofessorpunctuatedhislecturewithafewwell-chosenjokes.教授在講演中不時(shí)插入幾個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)男υ?。jerky急動(dòng)的characterizedbyabruptstopsandstarts忽動(dòng)忽停的，不平穩(wěn)的Thecoachdrewtoajerkyhalt.馬車忽地停了下來(lái)。Shelitacigarettewithquick,jerkymovement.她用急促的動(dòng)作點(diǎn)著了香煙。jerkymovements痙攣性的動(dòng)作。disorder失調(diào)：/dis'?:d?/[massnoun]astateofconfusion混亂，凌亂Signsofdisorderanddecaymetthemateachopendoor.他們每打開一扇門看到的都是滿目的凌亂和衰敗?！鰐hedisruptionofpeacefulandlaw-abidingbehaviour.skindisorders皮膚不適animprovedunderstandingofmentaldisorder對(duì)精神失常的進(jìn)一步了解Shewenttocombherdisorderedhair.她去梳了梳凌亂的頭發(fā)。Hissleepisdisordered.他的睡眠不正常。apatientwhoismentallydisordered一位精神紊亂的病人。Whenreturning,hediscoveredtheroomindisorder.回家后,他發(fā)現(xiàn)屋子里亂七八糟。Theannouncementledtoviolentcivildisorders.這項(xiàng)宣布引起劇烈的騷亂。He'ssufferingfromseverementaldisorder.他患有嚴(yán)重的精神病。indisorder混亂,紊亂fallintodisorder陷入混亂throw...intodisorder使...混亂,把...卷入動(dòng)亂【搭配】VERB+DISORDERthrowsthinto使陷入無(wú)秩序狀態(tài):Thecountrywasthrownintodisorderbythestrikes.罷工使國(guó)家陷入混亂狀態(tài)?！敬钆洹縘PREP.in~處于混亂狀態(tài):Hediedsuddenly,leavinghisfinancialaffairsincompletedisorder.他突然去世，使他的經(jīng)濟(jì)事務(wù)處于完全的混亂狀態(tài)。【搭配】PHRASESastateofdisorder混亂狀態(tài)violentbehavior暴力行為【搭配】ADJ.major,seriousdisorder重大的騷亂；嚴(yán)重的騷亂widespreaddisorder廣泛的騷亂violentdisorder暴力騷亂civil,crowd,public,socialdisorder內(nèi)亂；眾騷亂；公眾騷亂；社會(huì)騷亂politicaldisorder政治騷亂【搭配】QUANT.outbreakofdisorder騷亂的爆發(fā):Therehavebeenoutbreaksofseriouspublicdisorder.已經(jīng)爆發(fā)了多次嚴(yán)重的公眾騷亂。【搭配】VERB+DISORDERcreate,leadtodisorder制造騷亂；導(dǎo)致暴亂quelldisorder平息騷亂:Troopsweresentintoquellthedisorder.軍隊(duì)被派去平息騷亂。preventdisorder防止動(dòng)亂:newrestrictionsaimedatpreventingsocialdisorder旨在防止社會(huì)動(dòng)亂的新限制illness疾病【搭配】ADJ.serious,severedisorder嚴(yán)重的紊亂chronicdisorder慢性疾病common,raredisorder常見(jiàn)的機(jī)能失調(diào)；罕見(jiàn)的機(jī)能失調(diào)genetic,inheriteddisorder遺傳病blood,brain,etc.disorder血液病、大腦疾病等circulatory,eating,etc.disorder循環(huán)系統(tǒng)的機(jī)能失調(diào)、飲食方面的失調(diào)等:behavioral,emotional,mental,nervous,personality,physical,psychiatric,psychologicaldisorder行為障礙；情緒紊亂；精神紊亂；神經(jīng)紊亂；人格障礙；身體機(jī)能失調(diào)；精神錯(cuò)亂；心理障礙【搭配】VERB+DISORDERhave,sufferfromdisorder患病/紊亂癥:Shesuffersfromarareblooddisorder.她患有一種罕見(jiàn)的血液病?！敬钆洹緿ISORDER+VERBaffectsth疾病侵襲…:disordersaffectingtheveryold,suchasseniledementia老年癡呆之類侵襲老年人的疾病implication表明：/,impli'kei??n/theconclusionthatcanbedrawnfromsomethingalthoughitisnotexplicitlystated含意，暗示theimplicationisthatnoonepersonatthebankisresponsible其含意就是，沒(méi)有一個(gè)銀行人員是有責(zé)任感的。Weheardofhisimplicationinaconspiracy.我們聽說(shuō)他被牽連在叛亂案中。Whataretheimplicationsofthisstatement?這一聲明的含義是什么?Hesmiled,withtheimplicationthathedidn'tbelieveme.他微笑了,暗示著不相信我。byimplication含蓄地,用寓意agreebyimplication默契【搭配】ADJ.considerable,crucial,enormous,important,major,massive,strongimplication相當(dāng)大的影響；關(guān)鍵的影響；重要影響；強(qiáng)烈的影響mainimplication主要的結(jié)果deeper,fundamental,profoundimplication更深的影響；根本性的影響；深刻的影響broad,far-reaching,widerimplication廣泛影響；深遠(yuǎn)影響；更廣泛的影響:discussingthebroaderimplicationsofthemedicalplan討論這項(xiàng)醫(yī)療計(jì)劃更為廣泛的影響full全面影響:Nowtheyrealizedthefullimplicationsofthenewsystem.現(xiàn)在他們認(rèn)識(shí)到了新體制帶來(lái)的全面影響。directimplication直接影響clear,obviousimplication明顯的影響；顯而易見(jiàn)的后果underlyingimplication潛在的影響generalimplication普遍的影響furtherimplication更深入的影響possible,potentialimplication可能的后果；潛在的影響future,long-termimplication未來(lái)的影響；長(zhǎng)期的后果grave,seriousimplication嚴(yán)重的后果disturbing,frightening,ominous,sinisterimplication令人不安的結(jié)果；令人害怕的后果；不祥的后果adverse,damaging,negativeimplication不利的結(jié)果；破壞性的影響；負(fù)面影響interestingimplication有趣的結(jié)果radical,revolutionaryimplication根本性的影響；革命性的影響practicalimplication實(shí)際影響:Theseresultshaveimportantpracticalimplications.這些結(jié)果具有重大的實(shí)際意義。commercial,constitutional,economic,educational,environmental,ethical,financial,ideological,legal,moral,philosophical,political,psychological,social商業(yè)影響；憲法影響；經(jīng)濟(jì)影響；教育影響；環(huán)境影響；倫理的影響；金融影響；意識(shí)形態(tài)影響；法律后果；道德后果；哲學(xué)影響；政治后果；心理影響；社會(huì)影響:theconstitutionalimplicationsofaroyaldivorce王室離婚事件對(duì)憲法的影響cost,health,policy,resource,safety,security,taximplication成本/健康/政策/資源/安全/治安/稅收影響【搭配】VERB+IMPLICATIONcarry,haveimplication產(chǎn)生后果；有影響:Th