重大版高中必修5-ThemeAUnit1grammar課件

Unit1

OlympicHistoryGrammarThePastParticipleastheAttribute過去分詞作定語，在語態(tài)上表被動；在時間上表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成，與它所修飾的名詞有邏輯（意義）上的動賓關(guān)系。

B:Yes.Andwehadcanned

fish,smoked

sausages,

cakes

madebyourteacherandfreshapples

pickedfromtheorchard.Wealsoplayedalotofgamesthere.B:Indeed,toourdelight,wehelpedalost

boytofindhismother.單個的過去分詞作定語時，位于它所修飾的名詞或代詞前面；過去分詞短語作定語時，位于它所修飾的名詞或代詞后面。單個過去分詞過去分詞短語1.過去分詞作定語位置過去分詞作定語：過去分詞作定語相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。單個過去分詞在名詞的前面，過去分詞短語在名詞后面.過去分詞表示:被動和完成已升起的太陽有組織的旅行arisensunanorganizedtrippeopleaddictedtodrugsaschoolbuiltfororphans藥物上癮的人為孤兒專建的學(xué)校注：單個過去分詞修飾something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,nobody,those

等不定代詞時，要放在這些詞后面。Nothingreported(inthenewspaper)interestedhim.過去分詞作定語的作用相當(dāng)于定語從句，二者可以轉(zhuǎn)換。①aletterwritteninpencil②thebookborrowedbyJack③themachinesproducedlastyearThisobject,discoveredalmostbyaccident,haschangedmachine.=aletterwhichwaswritteninpencil=thebookwhichwasborrowedbyJack=Thisobject,whichwasdiscoveredalmostbyaccident,haschangedmachine.=themachineswhichwereproducedlastyear④2.過去分詞作定語和定語從句的轉(zhuǎn)換Practice①破損的窗戶很快就會被換掉。__________________willbereplacedsoon.=Thewindowwhichwasbrokenwillbereplacedsoon.②昨天買的書確實(shí)不錯。Thebooks_______________areofhighquality.=Thebookswhichwereboughtyesterdayareofhighquality.Thebrokenwindowboughtyesterday一些由表示情感或心理狀態(tài)的動詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來的過去分詞作定語時，已經(jīng)完全形容詞化，不表被動。3.形容詞性化過去分詞作定語常見的有：amazed,embarrassed,disappointed,excited,encouraged,bored,interested,tired,worried,surprised,satisfied,pleased,moved,frightened等。The_____childrenwereopeningtheirpresents.A.excitedB.excitingC.exciteD.excitesexcited4.過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作定語現(xiàn)在分詞表示:主動,正在進(jìn)行過去分詞表示:被動,完成1、Doyouknowthemansittinginthecorner?

Doyouknowthemanwhoissittinginthecorner?2、Haveyoureadthebookswrittenbythe

youngwriter？

Haveyoureadthebookswhichwerewrittenbytheyoungwriter?3.Iknowtheyoungmansleepingonthebench.=Iknowtheyoungmanwhoissleepingonthebench.4.Thelettermailedlastnightwillreachhim

tomorrow.=Theletterwhichwasmailedlastnightwill

reachhimtomorrow.5、Theoldman________(stand)thereisourteacher.6、Thegirl_______(sing)forusistenyearsold.7、What’sthelanguage________(speak)inGermany?8、Thisisoneoftheschools_______(build)in1980s.standingsingingspokenbuilt1.Tickeachofthefollowingsentencesbelowinwhichthepastparticipleisusedasanattribute.____1)Shewassurprisedtoseethebeautifulhorseinfrontofthehouse.____2)Mostofthepeopleinvitedtothepartyweremyoldfriends.____3)Thingsseenaremightierthanthingsheard.____4)Tiredout,thegroupofworkersstoppedtohavearest.√√××____5)Sheshoutedinapleasedvoicewhensheheardthegoodnews.____6)Frightenedbythebarkingdog,thelittlegirlcriedloudly.____7)Theinjuredpassengerswereimmediatelysenttothecityhospital.____8)TherivermentionedinthesongisactuallyslightlytotheeastofVirginia.×√√√2.Rewriteeachofthefollowingsentencesbyfollowingtheexample,payingattentiontothepositionofthepastparticiple.Theletterpostedtodaywillreachhimthedayaftertomorrow.Theletterwhichwaspostedtodaywillreachhimthedayaftertomorrow.先行詞定語從句先行詞分詞作定語Idon’tliketoreadaletterwhichiswritteninpencil.2)Alltheguestswhoareinvitedareherenow.3)Theyaretheproblemswhichhavebeenleftoverbyhistory.

Idon’tliketoreadaletterwritteninpencil.Alltheguestsinvitedareherenow.Theyaretheproblemsleftoverbyhistory.4)Theplanwhichhasbeenmademightbechanged.5)Theyfinallycametotheareasthathadbeenliberated.Theplanmademightbechanged.Theyfinallycametotheliberatedareas.Theisland,_______tothemainlandbyabridge,iseasytogoto.(2011全國II)A.joining B.tojoin C.joined D.havingjoined解析：join…to…表示“把……連接起來”，joined在句中是過去分詞作定語，相當(dāng)于定語從句whichisjoined…。答案選C。高考解析Recentlyasurvey______pricesofthesamegoodsintwodifferentsupermarketshascausedheateddebateamongcitizens.(2011江蘇)A.compared B.comparing C.compares D.beingcompared

解析：compare的動作是survey發(fā)出的，現(xiàn)在分詞短語做后置定語。Theability______anideaisasimportantastheideaitself.(2011湖南)A.expressing B.expressedC.toexpress D.tobeexpressed解析：本句意思是：表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)的能力和這個觀點(diǎn)本身一樣重要。theabilitytodosth.“做某事的能力”，固定短語，故此處用動詞不定式作后置定語。TsinghuaUniversity,_____in1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.(2011福建)A.found B.foundingC.founded D.tobefounded解析：句中的主語TsinghuaUniversity與found構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，可選C、D；再根據(jù)時間1911年可知found動作已經(jīng)完成，故用過去分詞。此句中過去分詞短語作后置定語。

高考實(shí)戰(zhàn)(2008湖南)Thetrees______inthestormhavebeenmovedofftheroad.A．beingblowndown

blowndownblowingdown

D.toblowdown高考實(shí)戰(zhàn)（2009山東）Weareinvitedtoaparty__________inourclubnextFriday.A.tobeheldB.heldC.beingheldD.holding高考實(shí)戰(zhàn)(2010四川)Agreatnumberofstudents___________saidtheywereforcedtopractisethepiano.A.toquestionB.tobequestionedC.questionedD.questioning高考實(shí)戰(zhàn)(2010全國Ⅰ)Mrs.Whiteshowedherstudentssomeoldmaps______fromthelibrary.A.toborrowB.tobeborrowedC.borrowedD.borrowing高考實(shí)戰(zhàn)(2010北京)I’mcallingtoenquireabouttheposition____________inyesterday’s