Capgemini-未來(lái)屋頂創(chuàng)新圓桌系列+移動(dòng)（英）

FUTURE-PROOFINGINNOVATION

xMOBILITYHowcantheMobilitysectorachievesustainabilitythroughinnovativeservices,technologiesandinfrastructures?INTRODUCTIONFuture-Proo?ng

Innovation

is

a

series

ofroundtable

conversations

hosted

by

Capgeminisustainability

and

business

experts

invitingclients,

partners,

academics,

and

in?uencersto

discuss

the

general

topic

of

sustainabilityin

innovation.

The

global

anchor

for

this

seriesis

James

Robey,

Capgemini’s

Global

Head

ofSustainability.Each

discussion

focuses

on

a

speci?c

industry.The

?fth

roundtable

took

place

in

Paris

onJanuary

31st

2023,

with

a

focus

on

mobility.MOBILITYROUNDTABLEPARIS,

JANUARY31st

2023This

session

was

hosted

by

Guillaume

Cordonnier,Executive

Vice

President

in

charge

of

mobilityat

Capgemini

Invent.

Attendees

were

ClaireBaritaud,

coordinator

of

the

Transport

InnovationAgency

and

Deputy

Director

of

Multi-modality,Innovation,

Digital

and

Territories;

ArnaudCoi?ard,

Head

of

Strategy,

Innovation

andNew

Markets

at

SNCF

Connect

&

Tech;FlorentAndrillon,

Vice

President

and

Climate

TechGlobalLeadat

Capgemini;

Mickael

Vilaca,

Vice-Presidentof

Capgemini

in

charge

of

Smart

Mobility;

Anne-Claude

Poinso,

Business

Development

Managerfor

Mobility

and

Public

Transport

at

Microsoft;and

LaureMénétrier,

Managing

Director

of

Ecov,which

is

an

operator

of

carpooling

lines.GuillaumeCordonnieropenedproceedingsby

welcomingourguestsandintroducingthetopiconwhichtheywouldbefocusing.Hesaidthatasweallknow,

transportisattheheartofdigitalinnovation,buthepointedoutitisalsoattheheartofsustainabledevelopmentissues.Thefourkey

themesofthediscussion,hesaid,wouldbe:transportandsustainabledevelopment;newtransportservices;therelationshipbetweennewtransportandinfrastructure;and?nally,theproblemsofscalingupandimplementinginnovationsinthisarea,withregardinparticularto

?nancing.MOBILITYANDSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTFlorentAndrillon,VicePresidentatCapgeminiGroup,observedthattransportaccountsforaboutathirdofgreenhousegasemissionsworldwide.Addressingitwascomplicated,hesaid,?rstbecauseany

changesto

otherenergysourcescouldnotbeallowedto

compromisequalityofservice,nextbecausetheroleofthestateinmandatingsuchchangeswouldneedtobeagreed,andalsobecauseoftheimplicationsoftaxationinthisarea.Finally,hesaid,theresponsibilitiesofindividualorganizationsneededto

bedetermined.To

whatextentaretheypreparedto

changetheirworkingpracticessoasto

reducetransport-relatedcarbonemissions?MickaelVilaca,Vice-PresidentofCapgeminiinchargeofSmartMobility,addedthatsustainabilitywouldalsodependonjoined-upthinkingthataddressedpublicandprivatetransportalike.ThiswasapolicyareainwhichtheFrenchgovernmentwasleadingtheway,saidClaireBaritaud,coordinatoroftheTransportInnovationAgencyandDeputyDirectorofMulti-modality,Innovation,DigitalandTerritories.Whereasinthepast,thestateengagedinthecreationofphysicaltransportinfrastructuresuchasroad,rail,andbridges,thee?ortnowwasinthecreationofdigitalinfrastructurethatcouldbeaccessedandsharedby

alltransportproviders.ShesaidFrancegoesfurtherthanotherEuropeancountriesby

sharingallstaticanddynamictransportschedulesacrossnotjusttrain,bus,andmetroservices,butacrosscarpoolingareasandelectricvehicle(EV)chargingpoints.“Thisdatahubcanthenbeusedby

routeplanners,”shesaid–anditalsoenabledthedevelopmentofmobility-as-a-service(MaaS).LaureMénétrier,ManagingDirectorofEcov,saidthatinpursuingsustainabletransport,themainimpetuswascollectivewillpower.Everyone,shesaid,wouldneedto

committo

beingmoreprudent,whetherthatbebytravelinglessorby

sharingtransportmoreoften.ArnaudCoi?ard,HeadofStrategy,InnovationandNewMarketsatSNCFConnect&Tech,

developedthispoint.HesaidthatSNCF,

whichisFrance’snationalstate-ownedpublictransportcompany,aimedto

doubleitsshareofthemovementofbothgoodsandpassengersover

adecade,andthatthefacilitatingtechnologyforwhichhispartoftheorganizationwasresponsiblewouldbeacriticalsuccessfactor,

becausekeepingpassengersinformedandmakingtheirjourneyseasierwouldencouragethemto

make

greenertravelchoices.“The

notion

of

the

common

good

isnot

opposed

to

the

opportunity

tocreate

new

business

models:

there

isa

complementarity.”FlorentAndrillonVicePresidentandClimateTech

GlobalLeadatCapgemini4Anne-ClaudePoinso,BusinessDevelopmentManagerforMobilityandPublicTransportatMicrosoft,talkedabouthowthejudicioususeofdatacanmake

transportmoresustainable.Forinstance,shesaid,businessescouldbeencouragedto

staggertheirworkinghours,reducingpressureonpublictransportsystemsatpeakhoursandalsoloweringpollutionontheroadsby

reducingrush-hourtra?cjams.Sharingdata,shesaid,waskey.

Itwouldbreakdownthesilosthatcurrentlyexistbetweentransportsystemssuchascarsharing,bicycleservices,parking,andpublictransport.InFrance,theaimwasto

createstandardizedAPIsthatwillthenbemadeavailableinopensourceforreuseby

alllocalauthorities.However,

sheadded,itwouldneedto

happeninarobustandregulatedway,soasto

avoiduntrustworthythirdpartiestakingunfaircommercialadvantageandpossiblyalsodefeatingtheobjectofachievinggreatersustainability.5NEWMOBILITYSERVICESClaireBaritauddescribedwhatareknownas‘climatetickets’insomepartsofEurope.InAustria,Germany,andSpain,forexample,theseticketsenablepassengersto

move

acrosstransportsystems.InFrance,shesaid,therewasaclosednetwork,andcreatingasingleticketinthiswaywasmoreofachallenge.GuillaumeCordonnieraskedLaureMénétrierto

discusstherami?cationsofcarpooling.Thebasicprinciple,shesaid,wasofcourseto

putmorepeopleinfewercars.Thisiseasierto

doincitycentres,butinmoresparselypopulatedareasit’smoreofachallenge.Thisiswheredigitaltechnologycomesintoitsown,shesaid:itcanpoolinformationandcreateconnectionsforthe40%ofFrenchpeoplewholivefarfromcitycentersandwhowouldbene?tfromsharingtheirjourneys.FlorentAndrillondescribedaprojectthataddressedthisissue.Inresponseto

acallforprojectsfromtheFrenchgovernmentafewyearspreviously,CapgeminiInventworkedwithotherorganizationsto

createaninnovative?nancingmechanismcalledenergysavingcerti?cates,enablingcitizensandlocalauthoritiesto

gatherinoneplacealltheiraccessibilityto

theirdi?erentmobilityservices,notjustto

createauniversallog,butalsoallowingemployersto

payfortheirworkforce’stransportvouchers.It’sascheme,hesaid,fromwhicheveryonebene?ts–citizens,employers,andcommunitiesalike.Backedby

theFrenchgovernment,anationalcarpoolingplanwaslaunchedinDecember2022,withfundingforenergysavingcerti?catesandforsupportinginfrastructuresuchasrestareasandsignage.6THERELATIONSHIPBETWEENNEWMOBILITYANDINFRASTRUCTUREIt’snotjusttheenablingtechnologythat’sevolving:so,too,istransportitself,

andheretootheevolutionisdrivenby

sustainability.FlorentAndrillonpointedoutthatnewvehiclesbroughtwiththemtheirowninfrastructureneeds,suchaselectricchargingstationsandhydrogenoutlets,andthatestablishingtheseinsu?cientnumbersandintherightplaceswasgoingto

take

sometimeande?ort.Itwouldalsorequiredataanalysis:understandingbehaviorandlogisticalpatternswouldenableplannersto

determinehowbestto

extendandenhancethedeploymentofinfrastructure.Thiswasastrueforcommercialtransportasitwasforprivatecarusage.“Don’t

say

the

electri?cation

of

alltransport

is

the

miracle

solution.

Themiracle

solution

is

self-restraint.”ClaireBaritaudCoordinatoroftheTransportInnovationAgencyandDeputyDirectorofMulti-modali-ty,Innovation,DigitalandTerritoriesAutonomousvehicleswouldalsobeafactor,FlorentAndrillonsaid.Theconveniencetheymayprovidewasonething,buttheirimplicationsforsustainabilitywereanother.Ifcarscoulddrivethemselves,theycouldbesentontotheroadsempty,perhapsto

fetchpassengers–andwouldn’tthatmitigateagainsttheveryprinciplesthatschemessuchascarpoolinghadbeensetupto

support?As

aresult,publicauthoritieswouldneedtoregulatetheiruse.“Iftheyaredesignedinanintelligentwayandjoinedto

anintelligentinfrastructure,”hesaid,“wecouldhave

averyinterestingfutureforpublictransport.”ChangesarealsotakingplaceontheFrenchrailnetwork.ArnaudCoi?ardsaidthataswellasnewcompetitorsenteringthemarketwithdi?erentiatedo?ers,therearenewtraintypes.Forexample,hesaidthatin2024SNCFandAlstomwouldbeintroducingtheTGV

M,whichwouldincreasethecarryingcapacityover

currentTGV

servicesandthatwouldalsoreducethecarbonfootprint.MickaelVilacaprovidedanotherexampleofrailwayinnovation:new‘midnighttrains’werebeingproposedinabidto

competewithcarbon-heavyairtravelonroutesfromParisto

othermajorEuropeancities.ClaireBaritaudpickeduponthispoint.Sheobservedthatonaper-kilometerbasis,airtravelandcarjourneyshadthesamecarbonfootprint–butbecauseplanescarrymorepeople,emissionsperpersonwerelower.However,

sheadded,trainjourneyswouldbeatthemboth:therailnetworkinFranceiselectri?ed,andthecountry’snuclear-generatedelectricityiscarbon-free.7“We

need

to

think

of

transportas

a

linked

system

that

bringstogether

infrastructures,

services,digital

infrastructures,

physicalinfrastructures,

and

good

practices.If

we

divide

all

that

up,

we

endup

with

small

measures

that

areuseless.”ArnaudCoi?ardHeadofStrategy,InnovationandNewMarketsatSNCFConnect&TechThegroupagreedthefocusshouldn’tbesolelyonpassengertransport.MickaelVilacatalkedaboutfreight,andaboutthepotentialoftransportationby

canal.HesaidthatVoiesNavigablesdeFrance(VNF)waslookingtointroduceautomatedbargesandlocksystemsandcentralizedcontrolsystems.Onebarge,hesaid,couldcarrytheloadof200to

250trucks.Healsotalkedofthereintroductionofseafreighttransportedundersail:acceptance,hesaid,woulddependinpartonwhetherconsumerswerewillingto

forgothecurrenttrendtowardsinstantful?lment.8SCALINGUPANDFINANCINGInthelastpartofthediscussion,GuillaumeCordonnieraskedpeopleto

talkabouthowtheinnovationsunderdiscussioncouldbemadetohappen,practicallyandatscale.Headdedthatimplementationwasalsoconditionedby

geography.Forexample,inGermanyandtheNetherlands,peopletravelmorethaninFrance,andsoCapgeminiwaslookingathowitcanmake

morecompanyvehicleselectricorhybrid,whereasinIndiathecompanyprovidedmasstransittransportationto

itssitesandwasputtingmitigatingdecarbonizationprogramsinplace.LaureMénétrieragreed.ShesaidtheinternationalbusinessmodelofhercarpoolingcompanyEcovwasconditionedby

di?erentculturalattitudesto

hitchhiking.ClaireBaritaudsaidthatinFrance,thestatecouldhelpwithjudiciousregulationandstandardization,andalsowith?nancing.FundingincludedcontributionsfromFranceRelance,a€100billioninvestmentplansupportedinpartby

theEuropeanUnion,whichaimsto

supportbusinesses,rethinkproductionmodels,transforminfrastructureandinvestintraining.Itisbeingusedto

?nancehigh-service-levelbusesandmixedtransportexchangehubsinmorethan100transportnetworks.Anne-ClaudePoinsoandClaireBaritaudagreedthatFrancehadconsiderablestrengthsinthedevelopmentofsustainabletransport,andthatitshoulddomoreto

take

aninternationalleadinthisarea.To

make

itacutting-edgesector,

itwasimportantto

attracttalentandto

investintraining.ClaireBaritaudsaidherdepartmenthadalsocreatedanaccelerationprogrammeforscalingup,whichiscalledPropulse,focusingonfourareas:sustainabletransport;datasharing;multimodalityandintermodality;and?nally,entrepreneurship.Wrappingup,GuillaumeCordonnierthankedthecontributorsfortheirinsights.It’sclearthatwithrespectto

innovationandsustainabledevelopment,transportisrightlyakey

andfascinatingareaoffocus.FlorentAndrillonobservedthatimplementationwasto

someextentconditionedby

changingbusinessmodels.Wearegrowingaccustomed,hesaid,to

thinkingofautomobilemanufacturersasserviceprovidersratherthanvehicleproducers,butthatwasalsotrueforother