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FUTURE-PROOFINGINNOVATION
xMOBILITYHowcantheMobilitysectorachievesustainabilitythroughinnovativeservices,technologiesandinfrastructures?INTRODUCTIONFuture-Proo?ng
Innovation
is
a
series
ofroundtable
conversations
hosted
by
Capgeminisustainability
and
business
experts
invitingclients,
partners,
academics,
and
in?uencersto
discuss
the
general
topic
of
sustainabilityin
innovation.
The
global
anchor
for
this
seriesis
James
Robey,
Capgemini’s
Global
Head
ofSustainability.Each
discussion
focuses
on
a
speci?c
industry.The
?fth
roundtable
took
place
in
Paris
onJanuary
31st
2023,
with
a
focus
on
mobility.MOBILITYROUNDTABLEPARIS,
JANUARY31st
2023This
session
was
hosted
by
Guillaume
Cordonnier,Executive
Vice
President
in
charge
of
mobilityat
Capgemini
Invent.
Attendees
were
ClaireBaritaud,
coordinator
of
the
Transport
InnovationAgency
and
Deputy
Director
of
Multi-modality,Innovation,
Digital
and
Territories;
ArnaudCoi?ard,
Head
of
Strategy,
Innovation
andNew
Markets
at
SNCF
Connect
&
Tech;FlorentAndrillon,
Vice
President
and
Climate
TechGlobalLeadat
Capgemini;
Mickael
Vilaca,
Vice-Presidentof
Capgemini
in
charge
of
Smart
Mobility;
Anne-Claude
Poinso,
Business
Development
Managerfor
Mobility
and
Public
Transport
at
Microsoft;and
LaureMénétrier,
Managing
Director
of
Ecov,which
is
an
operator
of
carpooling
lines.GuillaumeCordonnieropenedproceedingsby
welcomingourguestsandintroducingthetopiconwhichtheywouldbefocusing.Hesaidthatasweallknow,
transportisattheheartofdigitalinnovation,buthepointedoutitisalsoattheheartofsustainabledevelopmentissues.Thefourkey
themesofthediscussion,hesaid,wouldbe:transportandsustainabledevelopment;newtransportservices;therelationshipbetweennewtransportandinfrastructure;and?nally,theproblemsofscalingupandimplementinginnovationsinthisarea,withregardinparticularto
?nancing.MOBILITYANDSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTFlorentAndrillon,VicePresidentatCapgeminiGroup,observedthattransportaccountsforaboutathirdofgreenhousegasemissionsworldwide.Addressingitwascomplicated,hesaid,?rstbecauseany
changesto
otherenergysourcescouldnotbeallowedto
compromisequalityofservice,nextbecausetheroleofthestateinmandatingsuchchangeswouldneedtobeagreed,andalsobecauseoftheimplicationsoftaxationinthisarea.Finally,hesaid,theresponsibilitiesofindividualorganizationsneededto
bedetermined.To
whatextentaretheypreparedto
changetheirworkingpracticessoasto
reducetransport-relatedcarbonemissions?MickaelVilaca,Vice-PresidentofCapgeminiinchargeofSmartMobility,addedthatsustainabilitywouldalsodependonjoined-upthinkingthataddressedpublicandprivatetransportalike.ThiswasapolicyareainwhichtheFrenchgovernmentwasleadingtheway,saidClaireBaritaud,coordinatoroftheTransportInnovationAgencyandDeputyDirectorofMulti-modality,Innovation,DigitalandTerritories.Whereasinthepast,thestateengagedinthecreationofphysicaltransportinfrastructuresuchasroad,rail,andbridges,thee?ortnowwasinthecreationofdigitalinfrastructurethatcouldbeaccessedandsharedby
alltransportproviders.ShesaidFrancegoesfurtherthanotherEuropeancountriesby
sharingallstaticanddynamictransportschedulesacrossnotjusttrain,bus,andmetroservices,butacrosscarpoolingareasandelectricvehicle(EV)chargingpoints.“Thisdatahubcanthenbeusedby
routeplanners,”shesaid–anditalsoenabledthedevelopmentofmobility-as-a-service(MaaS).LaureMénétrier,ManagingDirectorofEcov,saidthatinpursuingsustainabletransport,themainimpetuswascollectivewillpower.Everyone,shesaid,wouldneedto
committo
beingmoreprudent,whetherthatbebytravelinglessorby
sharingtransportmoreoften.ArnaudCoi?ard,HeadofStrategy,InnovationandNewMarketsatSNCFConnect&Tech,
developedthispoint.HesaidthatSNCF,
whichisFrance’snationalstate-ownedpublictransportcompany,aimedto
doubleitsshareofthemovementofbothgoodsandpassengersover
adecade,andthatthefacilitatingtechnologyforwhichhispartoftheorganizationwasresponsiblewouldbeacriticalsuccessfactor,
becausekeepingpassengersinformedandmakingtheirjourneyseasierwouldencouragethemto
make
greenertravelchoices.“The
notion
of
the
common
good
isnot
opposed
to
the
opportunity
tocreate
new
business
models:
there
isa
complementarity.”FlorentAndrillonVicePresidentandClimateTech
GlobalLeadatCapgemini4Anne-ClaudePoinso,BusinessDevelopmentManagerforMobilityandPublicTransportatMicrosoft,talkedabouthowthejudicioususeofdatacanmake
transportmoresustainable.Forinstance,shesaid,businessescouldbeencouragedto
staggertheirworkinghours,reducingpressureonpublictransportsystemsatpeakhoursandalsoloweringpollutionontheroadsby
reducingrush-hourtra?cjams.Sharingdata,shesaid,waskey.
Itwouldbreakdownthesilosthatcurrentlyexistbetweentransportsystemssuchascarsharing,bicycleservices,parking,andpublictransport.InFrance,theaimwasto
createstandardizedAPIsthatwillthenbemadeavailableinopensourceforreuseby
alllocalauthorities.However,
sheadded,itwouldneedto
happeninarobustandregulatedway,soasto
avoiduntrustworthythirdpartiestakingunfaircommercialadvantageandpossiblyalsodefeatingtheobjectofachievinggreatersustainability.5NEWMOBILITYSERVICESClaireBaritauddescribedwhatareknownas‘climatetickets’insomepartsofEurope.InAustria,Germany,andSpain,forexample,theseticketsenablepassengersto
move
acrosstransportsystems.InFrance,shesaid,therewasaclosednetwork,andcreatingasingleticketinthiswaywasmoreofachallenge.GuillaumeCordonnieraskedLaureMénétrierto
discusstherami?cationsofcarpooling.Thebasicprinciple,shesaid,wasofcourseto
putmorepeopleinfewercars.Thisiseasierto
doincitycentres,butinmoresparselypopulatedareasit’smoreofachallenge.Thisiswheredigitaltechnologycomesintoitsown,shesaid:itcanpoolinformationandcreateconnectionsforthe40%ofFrenchpeoplewholivefarfromcitycentersandwhowouldbene?tfromsharingtheirjourneys.FlorentAndrillondescribedaprojectthataddressedthisissue.Inresponseto
acallforprojectsfromtheFrenchgovernmentafewyearspreviously,CapgeminiInventworkedwithotherorganizationsto
createaninnovative?nancingmechanismcalledenergysavingcerti?cates,enablingcitizensandlocalauthoritiesto
gatherinoneplacealltheiraccessibilityto
theirdi?erentmobilityservices,notjustto
createauniversallog,butalsoallowingemployersto
payfortheirworkforce’stransportvouchers.It’sascheme,hesaid,fromwhicheveryonebene?ts–citizens,employers,andcommunitiesalike.Backedby
theFrenchgovernment,anationalcarpoolingplanwaslaunchedinDecember2022,withfundingforenergysavingcerti?catesandforsupportinginfrastructuresuchasrestareasandsignage.6THERELATIONSHIPBETWEENNEWMOBILITYANDINFRASTRUCTUREIt’snotjusttheenablingtechnologythat’sevolving:so,too,istransportitself,
andheretootheevolutionisdrivenby
sustainability.FlorentAndrillonpointedoutthatnewvehiclesbroughtwiththemtheirowninfrastructureneeds,suchaselectricchargingstationsandhydrogenoutlets,andthatestablishingtheseinsu?cientnumbersandintherightplaceswasgoingto
take
sometimeande?ort.Itwouldalsorequiredataanalysis:understandingbehaviorandlogisticalpatternswouldenableplannersto
determinehowbestto
extendandenhancethedeploymentofinfrastructure.Thiswasastrueforcommercialtransportasitwasforprivatecarusage.“Don’t
say
the
electri?cation
of
alltransport
is
the
miracle
solution.
Themiracle
solution
is
self-restraint.”ClaireBaritaudCoordinatoroftheTransportInnovationAgencyandDeputyDirectorofMulti-modali-ty,Innovation,DigitalandTerritoriesAutonomousvehicleswouldalsobeafactor,FlorentAndrillonsaid.Theconveniencetheymayprovidewasonething,buttheirimplicationsforsustainabilitywereanother.Ifcarscoulddrivethemselves,theycouldbesentontotheroadsempty,perhapsto
fetchpassengers–andwouldn’tthatmitigateagainsttheveryprinciplesthatschemessuchascarpoolinghadbeensetupto
support?As
aresult,publicauthoritieswouldneedtoregulatetheiruse.“Iftheyaredesignedinanintelligentwayandjoinedto
anintelligentinfrastructure,”hesaid,“wecouldhave
averyinterestingfutureforpublictransport.”ChangesarealsotakingplaceontheFrenchrailnetwork.ArnaudCoi?ardsaidthataswellasnewcompetitorsenteringthemarketwithdi?erentiatedo?ers,therearenewtraintypes.Forexample,hesaidthatin2024SNCFandAlstomwouldbeintroducingtheTGV
M,whichwouldincreasethecarryingcapacityover
currentTGV
servicesandthatwouldalsoreducethecarbonfootprint.MickaelVilacaprovidedanotherexampleofrailwayinnovation:new‘midnighttrains’werebeingproposedinabidto
competewithcarbon-heavyairtravelonroutesfromParisto
othermajorEuropeancities.ClaireBaritaudpickeduponthispoint.Sheobservedthatonaper-kilometerbasis,airtravelandcarjourneyshadthesamecarbonfootprint–butbecauseplanescarrymorepeople,emissionsperpersonwerelower.However,
sheadded,trainjourneyswouldbeatthemboth:therailnetworkinFranceiselectri?ed,andthecountry’snuclear-generatedelectricityiscarbon-free.7“We
need
to
think
of
transportas
a
linked
system
that
bringstogether
infrastructures,
services,digital
infrastructures,
physicalinfrastructures,
and
good
practices.If
we
divide
all
that
up,
we
endup
with
small
measures
that
areuseless.”ArnaudCoi?ardHeadofStrategy,InnovationandNewMarketsatSNCFConnect&TechThegroupagreedthefocusshouldn’tbesolelyonpassengertransport.MickaelVilacatalkedaboutfreight,andaboutthepotentialoftransportationby
canal.HesaidthatVoiesNavigablesdeFrance(VNF)waslookingtointroduceautomatedbargesandlocksystemsandcentralizedcontrolsystems.Onebarge,hesaid,couldcarrytheloadof200to
250trucks.Healsotalkedofthereintroductionofseafreighttransportedundersail:acceptance,hesaid,woulddependinpartonwhetherconsumerswerewillingto
forgothecurrenttrendtowardsinstantful?lment.8SCALINGUPANDFINANCINGInthelastpartofthediscussion,GuillaumeCordonnieraskedpeopleto
talkabouthowtheinnovationsunderdiscussioncouldbemadetohappen,practicallyandatscale.Headdedthatimplementationwasalsoconditionedby
geography.Forexample,inGermanyandtheNetherlands,peopletravelmorethaninFrance,andsoCapgeminiwaslookingathowitcanmake
morecompanyvehicleselectricorhybrid,whereasinIndiathecompanyprovidedmasstransittransportationto
itssitesandwasputtingmitigatingdecarbonizationprogramsinplace.LaureMénétrieragreed.ShesaidtheinternationalbusinessmodelofhercarpoolingcompanyEcovwasconditionedby
di?erentculturalattitudesto
hitchhiking.ClaireBaritaudsaidthatinFrance,thestatecouldhelpwithjudiciousregulationandstandardization,andalsowith?nancing.FundingincludedcontributionsfromFranceRelance,a€100billioninvestmentplansupportedinpartby
theEuropeanUnion,whichaimsto
supportbusinesses,rethinkproductionmodels,transforminfrastructureandinvestintraining.Itisbeingusedto
?nancehigh-service-levelbusesandmixedtransportexchangehubsinmorethan100transportnetworks.Anne-ClaudePoinsoandClaireBaritaudagreedthatFrancehadconsiderablestrengthsinthedevelopmentofsustainabletransport,andthatitshoulddomoreto
take
aninternationalleadinthisarea.To
make
itacutting-edgesector,
itwasimportantto
attracttalentandto
investintraining.ClaireBaritaudsaidherdepartmenthadalsocreatedanaccelerationprogrammeforscalingup,whichiscalledPropulse,focusingonfourareas:sustainabletransport;datasharing;multimodalityandintermodality;and?nally,entrepreneurship.Wrappingup,GuillaumeCordonnierthankedthecontributorsfortheirinsights.It’sclearthatwithrespectto
innovationandsustainabledevelopment,transportisrightlyakey
andfascinatingareaoffocus.FlorentAndrillonobservedthatimplementationwasto
someextentconditionedby
changingbusinessmodels.Wearegrowingaccustomed,hesaid,to
thinkingofautomobilemanufacturersasserviceprovidersratherthanvehicleproducers,butthatwasalsotrueforother
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