初三英語9(上)知識點輔導

10〔外〕9〔上〕學問點輔導(2012MODULE1That’snewstome!我一點兒都不知道!That’s/It’snewstome.(口語)表示“沒聽說過的事”.如:There’snoclasstomorrow?That’snewstome!明天不上課?我一點兒都不知道!－IhearyouandPaularegoingtoParisfortheweekend.我聽說你和保羅要去巴黎度周末.－Really?That’snewstome.是嗎?我怎么不知道!We’llwriteadiaryofschoolevents,andtelleveryoneabouttheschoolconcertandthedanceclub.我們要記錄下學校每天發(fā)生的事,還要告知大家學校音樂會以及舞蹈俱樂部的事情.diary,日記簿”.如:Accordingtomydiary,I’vegottwomeetingsonMonday. 依據(jù)我在記事簿上的記錄,周一我要開兩個會.I’lldosomereviewsaboutourfavouritebandsandmovies! 我要就我們寵愛的樂隊的電影寫一些評論.AndI’lldoaninterviewwithBeckyWang!我要采訪貝基.王!dosomereviews表示“對......做評論”;doaninterview表示“采訪......”.其中,do...可以和很多名詞搭配,組成不同的詞組.同學們在尋常的學習中要學會積存這些詞組.再如:Ishoulddomoreexercise.我應當多熬煉.He’sonhonest;weliketodobusinesswithhim.他是一個誠懇的人,我們情愿與他做生意.Ithinkthat’safantasticidea…fantastic常用在口語中，表示“了不起的；極好的Youpassedyourtest?Fantastic!Igotoutofthecar,wentthroughagateandwalkedalongapath.介詞through可以與很多動詞連用，組成動詞短語，如：TheRiverThamesflowsthroughLondon.Themangotinthroughthewindow.Youcanseethroughglass.Ilookedcarefullyoverthem,butitwasstilltoodarktoseeanything.lookoversth在這里意思是“檢閱或檢查某事物Wemustlookoverthehousebeforewedecidetobuyit.to…to意為“太……而不能……It’stoocoldtoswimintheseayet.Thisistoodifficultforthemtoread.Suddenly,thecloudsclearedandtherainstopped.clear在本句中作動詞，意思是“天氣放晴，轉(zhuǎn)晴如：Thewaterinthelakeisclear.(清亮的，透亮的)Hegaveaclearexplanation.〔易懂的，明白的〕Itisquiteclearthatsheisnotcoming.〔明顯的，明顯的〕Thesunrosebehindmeandbeyondtherocks.Isawthatthegroundfellawayanddowntoariver,farbelowme.太陽從位于我身后的巖石遠處升起.我看到地面沉降至下面深谷中的一條河里.rise意思是“上升，起身rose,rosen如：Hervoiceroseinanger.raise很簡潔與其混淆，raise有“舉起；召集，籌措；撫養(yǎng)”之意，為及物動詞，過去式和過去分詞分別加-ed,如：raiseone’shand舉手raiseanarmy招募軍隊raiseafamily養(yǎng)家IwasontheedgeoftheGrandCanyon,oneofthewondersthenaturalworld.我站在大峽谷邊緣,它是自然界中的奇觀之一.IlookeddowntotheColoradoRiverabout2,000metresbelowme. 我俯視著距我兩千多米之遙的科羅拉多河.ThenIlookedacrosstoothersideofthecanyon. 然后,我遠眺峽谷的另一邊.Finally,Ilookedtomyleftandtomyright....... 最終,我向左右眺望......在上面這三個句子中,look和不同的介詞/副詞組成不同的詞組,有著不同的意思.lookdown表示“向下看”;lookacross表示“向?qū)γ婵础?looktoone’sleft表示“向某人左側(cè)看“.還有很多介詞/副詞可以和look這個動詞組成詞組,如;Lookoverthere---there’sarainbow! 看那邊!彩虹!Shelookedupandsmiledatme. 她抬起頭來,沖我笑了笑.10.…over400kilometerslong.英文中表達長、寬、高、深等概念時，構(gòu)造為“數(shù)字＋單位long(wide,high,deep。如threemetreswide 寬3米ninemetersdeep 9米深MODULE2學問輔導學問講解：AsfarasIremember,itwasstartedbyBeckyWang. 憑我記憶,它(這本雜志)是由貝基.王創(chuàng)辦的.asfaras...表示“至于,就 ”.〔表示程度和范圍〕如:AsfarasIknow,thatishighlyunlikely.Heisn’tcomingtoday,asfarasIknow.據(jù)我所知,他今日不來了.Confucius’worksarestillreadbymanypeopletoday,andwearestillinfluencedbyhisthoughts.今日,仍舊有很多人在讀孔子的論著,我們也仍舊受他思想的影響.Confucius指孔子,是“孔夫子“”的英語譯名.由于歷史的緣由,中國古代思想家孔子和孟子(Mencius,也是從““孟夫子“”翻譯而來的)的英語譯名一般不使用拼音直接翻譯.現(xiàn)在,大多數(shù)我國特有的名稱等都取漢語拼音的翻譯的方法.MarkTwainwasaimportantwriter,butheisn’tknownasagreatthinkerlikeConfucius.馬克.吐溫是一位重要的作家,但他并不像孔子那樣作為宏大的思想家而文明于世.beknownas...表示“以......知名/著名;被認為是……“.如:YangLipingisknowasagreatdancer.楊麗萍是公認的精彩的舞蹈家.Ithaslongbeenknownasthebestcarintheworld.beknownto意思是“為某人所熟知TheuseofgunpowderwasknowntotheChinesebeforetheEurope.beknownfor意思是“因……而著名Hawaiiisalsoknownforitsbeauty.Perhapsthat’swhatmakes“GreatBooks” they’restillreadtoday.或許,這正是入選“名著賞識”的關(guān)鍵---它們至今仍被廣泛閱讀.在該句中,make+賓語+adj.的表示“致使/使/導致 怎么樣。如:Thewordsmadeherpopularwiththestudents.那些話使她在學生中很受歡送.Eatingthebadbananasmadethemill.吃這些壞的香蕉使他們生病了。5.Thethemesofthestoryaretodowithchildrengrowingupandbecomingmoreserious.故事的主題和孩子們的成長以及變得成熟穩(wěn)重有關(guān).be/havetodowithsb./sth.表示:“和某人/Myquestionhastodowithyesterday’shomework.我的問題和昨天的作業(yè)有關(guān)。Intheeveninghelikestoreadbooks.Thesebookshavenothingtodowithwork.晚上他寵愛看書,這些書都與他的工作無關(guān).MODULE3學問點Who’sitagainst?again意思很多，要在具體語境中體會，如：Mostpeopleareagainsthim.(反對)Putthepianothere,withitsbackagainstthewall.〔對著……〕Herredcoatstoodoutclearlyagainstthesnow.〔在……的襯托下〕WhatdoesHASstandfor?standfor在這里意思是“代表Whatdoes“T.G.”standforin“T.G.Smith”?Johnalwaysstandsforwhatisright.Iwon’tstandforthis.Whatdoyoureckon,Lingling?reckonWhatdoyouthink?如：Thenewswon’tworryher,Ireckon.Youwon’tbeallowedtowatch.allowsbtodosth=allowdoingsthMymotherdoesn’tallowmetousethecomputer.Mymotherallowsusingthecomputer.Ithinkwe’resogoodthatwe’llbeaskedtoplayintheOlympicGames.s…that意思是“如此……以至于Hewassodelightedthattearscameintohiseyes.sothatIstoodbacksothatshecouldenterfirst.Don’tletthemgettoyou,Tony!不要讓他們影響你,托尼!gettosb.意思是tomakesomeonefeelupsetorangry,即“讓某人感到苦惱,getto思以外，還有“著手處理，開頭；打動，影響”的意“.如:TheheatwasbeginningtomesoIwentindoors.天氣很熱,讓我開頭感到煩躁,所以我回到了屋內(nèi).Thesmellofheroldbookreallygetstomeafterawhile!過了一會兒,她的舊書散發(fā)出的氣味實在讓我不舒適.Unit2Andnowthathe”swellknownallovertheworld,LiuXiangwillalsobeaskedtoappearinadvertisementsandfilms,andeventorecordmusic.現(xiàn)在由于劉翔已經(jīng)世界著名了,他還會被邀請做廣告,拍電影,甚至錄唱片.nowthat常常用為一種的狀況或狀況做出解釋,表示“既然:由于“.如:NowthatMrhasarrived,wecanbeginourmeeting.既然劉先生已經(jīng)到了,我們就開會吧.Liuwasencouragedatfirsttotrainasahighjumper.起初,教練支持劉翔練跳高.encouragesb.todosth.表示“鼓舞某人做某事“.在本句中,encourage一詞用于被動語態(tài),表示劉翔是“被鼓舞“去某事,而不是他“鼓舞“別的人去做某事.如:MsWangalwaysencouragesustospeakEnglishinclass.王教師總是鼓舞我們課上見講英語.Wewereencouragedtolearnforeignlanguagesatschool.學校鼓舞我們學習外語.Itwassetupin2001tohelpyoungsportsmenandsportswomen.它(特別工程)2001年,用來幫助年輕運發(fā)動.setup表示“建立,設(shè)立;創(chuàng)辦(組織,企業(yè));制定(打算等)如:Sheplanstosetupherownbusiness.她打算企業(yè)辦自己的企業(yè).Weneedtosetameetingtodiscusstheplan.我們需要開個會來爭論這個打算.4、succeed的用法。透視：succeed是動詞，意為“成功succeedinsth./doingsth.其名詞是successsuccessful考題：－I’msorrytohearthatBillfailedtheexamagain.(06哈爾濱市)－Don’tworryabouthim.I’msurethathewillnevergiveupuntilhe .succeed B.succeeds C.succeeded解讀：此題考察succeed的時態(tài)，由于主句是一般將來時，所以until引導的句子用一般現(xiàn)在時，所以選succeeds。SodoI.這是一個倒裝句。當so,nor和neither用于句首，說明前面一句話中謂語表示的狀況也適用于另一個人或物時，句子要用倒裝。so用于確定句，norneither用于否認句。如：A:Ihavehadmybreakfast.B:SohaveI.A:Willyougohomethisweekend?B:No,andneitherwillLingling.Firstofall,he’llbeinvitedtocompetitionsaroundtheworld.Firstofall意思是“首先，最初Firstofall,shejustsmiled,thenshestartedtolaugh.—般將來時、一般過去時和含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)。透視：被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成是：助動詞be＋動詞的過去分詞，表示主語是動作的承受者，在不同的時態(tài)里，be應用不同的形式。考題：1.Itissaidthatpotatochips bymistakeaboutahundredyearsago.(06北京市)A.invent B.invented C.areinvented D.wereinvented解讀：依據(jù)句意推斷，應用被動語態(tài)，時態(tài)是一般過去時，其構(gòu)成是：was/were＋動詞的過去分詞，所以應選D.wereinvented。The2007SpecialOlympicGames inShanghai.(06上海市)willhold B.willbeheld C.wereheld D.heldwil＋b＋動詞的過去分詞，所以選willbeheld。Wecanhearthegirlssinginginthenextroom.改為被動語態(tài))(06甘肅省)Thegirlscan singinginthenextroom.bebeheard。A)用所給詞的適當形式填空，使句子意思完整通順。Some (Italy)willvisittheiruniversitynextweek.Jennyisoneofthemost (success)studentsinherclass.Linda’s (perform)atthepartywaswellreceived.Theolddoctorusessportaspartofhispatients’ (treat).Frankwasthefirsttorunacrossthe (finish)lineatthesportsmeeting.A)1.Italians 2.successful 3.performance 4.treatment 5.finishing詞形：1.hero(復數(shù))heroes 2.invite(名詞)invitition 3.sportman(復數(shù))sportmen4.advertisment(動詞)advertise 5.with(反義詞)withoutsuccess(動詞)succeed(形容詞)successful(副詞)successfullyperform(名詞)performance 8.train(名詞)training9.treat(名詞)treatmentMODULE4學問點Paperandprintinghavebeenusedforages.forages for(many)years好多年了.eg.Ihaven’tseenherforages/years.類似短語:forhours/days/months等.Thebatteryhasn’tbeenchargedforacouple ofmonths.acoupleof---several幾個eg.Imadeacoupleofmistakesinthetestpaper.I’llseeto it.我來處理.seetosb./sth.=lookafter,dealwith “處理,照看,照顧”eg.Motherisill.Ihavetoseetothebaby.4.)Youmustpromisethatitwon’tbe….promisetodo/that..=makeapromisetodo/that同意,許諾作某事Promise!=Ipromisetodothat.我同意!5)turnon ----翻開 turnoff 關(guān)閉turnup -----開大 turndown 關(guān)小eg.Don’tforgetto thelightwhenyouleavetheroom.Please theTV,thefootballisbeginning.Wouldyouplease it alittle?Ican’thearitclearly.Thebabyissleeping.Please theradioalittle.6..looksthrough掃瞄，溫習eg.Helookedthroughmanybooksinordertofindthecorrectanswer.為了找到正確答案,他查閱了很多書籍.with-without帶有…/沒有…eg.Hefoundahousewithmanytreesaround.他找到了一所四周有很多樹的房.Hewenttoschoolwithoutbreakfasttoday.他今日沒有吃早飯就去上學了.bemadeof ---- bemadefrom--- bemadeupof---bemadein------ bemadeby- bemadeinto---put…against 將…放進/刻進hold…against 將…貼到atthebeginningof 在…初/開頭時afterthat 然后,之后inaway 以…方式compare….with…. 與….相比, 與….相媲美Youcan’tcomparehimwithTom,they’redifferent.ascomparedwith…與…比較He’sreallydonebetterascomparedwithlasttermratherthan 賽過,而不愿eg.HewouldchooseSundayratherthanSaturday.Iwouldliketogowithyouratherthanstayathome.prefertodo…ratherthando…情愿…而不..bereplacedby被….所替代bereadonline在網(wǎng)上閱讀MODULE5學問點課文原句:I’mlookingforwardtothis!(Unit1,P34)Iwasn’tpayingattentiontowhatyouweresaying.(Unit1,p34)Note:短語lookforwardto和payattentionto中的to都是介詞，后面應跟名詞、代詞或動名詞。如：I’mlookingforwardtomeetingyou.Youmustpayattentiontothespellinginyourwriting.Don’tpayattentiontoNina---shedoesn’tknowwhatshe’stalkingabout.課文原句:Hangonaminute!(Unit1,p34)Note:hangon在口語中或打時請別人等一等，又如：Hangon!I’llbebackinaminute.課文原句:He’sgoneoffonhisown.(Unit1,p34)Note:gooff的意思是leave。如:Hewentoffinsearchofsomethingtoeat.Johndecidedtogooffonhisown.onon’sown這里的意思是“單獨的alon”課文原句:You’retakingsolong.(Unit1,p34)Note:動詞takeIttakessb.sometimetodosomething.這一構(gòu)造中。例如：Ittakesmehaltanhourtogettoschoolfromhomebybike.Thejourneytookusalongtimebecauseofthebadweather.Lookingaftersmallchildrentakesalotofenergy.課文原句:VisitingtheScienceMuseumisfunandit’sagoodwaytolearnaboutsciencebecauseyoucanworkthingsoutandtryoutideas.(Unit2,p36)Note:workout可以表示“算出；制定出，做出Tryandworkouthowmuchitwillcost.Wecan’tworkouthowtodoit.tryoutWeshouldtryoutalltheequipmentbeforewedotheexperiment.課文原句:Peopletalkaboutwhattheycanseeanddothere.(Unit2,p36)Note:其中，whattheycanseeanddothere是about的賓語從句。7．課文原句:Youcancompareyourspeedwithanimals.(Unit2,p36)Note:其中compareA和B的意思是“比較AB”,又如：IfyoucompareBritishfootballwithAmericanfootballyou’llfindmanydifferences.課文原句:Aboveall,theScienceMuseumisfree.Note:aboveall表示“最重要的是，首先Aboveall,remembertosendusyourphotos.Aboveall,don’tforgettowritetous.Thatmeansyoucandropinforafewminutesoryoucanstayaslongasyoulike…Note:dropin表示“順道訪問，造訪dropinonsb.順道訪問某人；dropinatsomeplace順道訪問某地。如：DropinandseeuswhenyouareinTianjinnexttime.Whydon’tyoudropinatmyofficewhenyou’refree?Module6學問輔導andeveryoneagreeswemustbecarefulabouttheenvironmen…”Note:becarefulabout/of表示“留神/Becarefulof/abouttheiceontheroad.He’snothappysobecarefulabout/ofwhatyousaytohim.課文原句：It’swastefultothrowawayglass,paperandmetal…Note:throwaway Sowhenareyougoingtothrowawaythoseoldmagazine? I’mgoingtogivethemtomycousin.Theyshouldn’tthrowthoseoldtrousersaway.課文原句：Hey,youguys!Note:youguys用在美語口語當中，用來引起話題，無論對方是南是女都可以用。又如：Hey,youguys!Whereareyougoing?課文原句：Guesswhat!guesswhat或you’llneverguess,用于口語當中，在告知別人令人驚異的事情之前常常用到。如：Guesswhat!I’vegotanewcomputer.You’llneverguesswhoIsawtoday.課文原句：It’salsoathomewesaveenergyandrecycle…Note:這是一個強調(diào)句。強調(diào)句的句型構(gòu)造是：Itis/was＋被強調(diào)局部＋that/who…如：ItwasJanewhohelpedme.ItwasontheplaygroundthatIpickedupthewatch.ItwasatsixthatTomarrivedattheschool.Itwasbythismeansthatheworkedtheproblemout.課文原句：Doyoucareaboutprotectingtheenvironmentandsavingenergy?Note:careabout是一個動詞短語，表示“關(guān)心，介意，在乎Theonlythinghecaresaboutishisfield.She’snevercaredverymuchaboutherclothes.課文原句：Weallneedahealthyenvironment,butweproducewasteeverydayanditdoesharmtoourenvironment.Note:doharmto意為“對……有害處dogoodto…如：Tomwouldneverdoharmtothem.Aholidaywilldogoodtoyou.Goingtobedlateeverynightwilldomoreharmthangood.課文原句：Infact,eventhesimplesteverydayactivitiescanmakearealdifferencestotheenvironment.Note:everyday是一個形容詞，意為“每日的，每天的，它用來修飾后面的名詞；而every day是兩個單詞，后面不能知名詞被它修飾，只能在句中作狀語。如：Computersarenowpartofeverydaylife.Wewalktoschooleveryday.課文原句：Althoughittakesenergytochangesomethingintosomethingelse,itisbetterthanthrowingthingsawayorburningthem.Note:chang…int…表示“把……變成……Youcan’tchangeironintogold.Whentheprincekissedthecat,itchangedintoabeautifulprincess.課文原句：Infact,eventhesimplesteverydayactivitiescanmakearealdifferencestotheenvironment.Note:makeadifference(t)〔對……〕Youneedn’tdoit.It’llmakenodifference.Exercisemadeagreatdifferencetoherhealth.Module9單詞拓展與辨析：ending(n.)→end(v.)→opening(n.)開場白；開頭laughing(adj.)→laugh(v.)贊揚→laughable(adj.)荒唐可笑的→laughingly(adv.)笑著3.heaven(n.)→heavenly(adj.)Heavens!GoodHeavens!)口語“天哪表驚異或氣惱。heavenly天國的天堂的只能作定語eg:thekingdomofheaven＝theheavenly kingdom天國lovable(adj.)→cute(adj.)→love(v.)→lovely(adj.)private(adj.)→privatize(v.)使私有化→public(adj.)cartoon(n.)→cartoonist(n.)creator(n.)→create(v.)→creative(adj.)→creation(n.)重點詞組：haveawordwithsb.拓:havewordswithsb.同某人吵架haveawordinsb.’sear和某人說靜靜話haveagoodwordtosayforsb./sth.說……的好話breakone’sword失信，食言eatone’swords收回前言，成認說錯話beindeeptrouble拓：maketrouble引起麻煩askfortrouble自找麻煩 taketroubleoversth.在某事上費心思takeaphoto/photosmakeyoulaugh→makesb.dosth.makeatelephone, makefaces, makealiving, makeamistake/mistakes, makeacontributionto, makenoise, makeaplan, makeamess，makeaspeech, makeajourney, makeroomfor, makesure, makeupone’smind, makefunof, bemadeof/from, bemadeupof6.wintheheartof 2.tellthestoryof3.agroupof 4.againsttheruleleavesb.onone’sown＝leavesb.byoneself把某人單獨留下拓：leavesth.forsb.把某物留給某人belikelytodosth.Itislikelythateg:I’mhardlylikelytofinishitwithinaweek.Itisverylikelythathewillnotagree.eversinceeg:Shehadbeenworkingeversinceshereceivedtheletterfromhermother.拓：eversince也表示“從今以后，副詞短語，在句 中作狀語。eg:IwasbittenbyadogonceandI’vebeenafraid ofthemeversince.歸納：sinceeversince。eg: ItistwentyyearssinceI’veseenher.setup 拓：setoff動身；使爆炸；使開頭eg:TheywillsetoffforParisnextweek.setout開頭,著手eg:OnceIrealizedwhatwaswrong,Isetaboutcorrectingit.fallinlovewithmakesue拓：1).adj. 常用于besureof, besuretodo,besurethat構(gòu)造中。2).adv.主要用于口語，相當于“Ofcourse.”Certainly“oneofone前有the,only,mere(ly)(僅僅〕,very,any等修飾時，后面的定語從句用單數(shù)動詞。eg:Tomisoneoftheboyswhoareontime.Tomistheonlyoneoftheboyswhoisontime.一些動詞要把握，have、letmake,此三動詞是使役，留意(watch)、觀看〔observe)、覺察〔find)、聽到(hear)、see，使用它們要認真，tModule10單詞拓展與辨析:fitness(n.)→fit(adj.)unlikely(adj.)→likely(adj.)→impossible(adj.)interest(v.&n.)→interested(adj.)→interesting(adj.)traintrainv.訓練，培育。常用在trainsb.in/as/forsth.的構(gòu)造中。n.火車trainingn.訓練，培育traineen.受訓練人behave(v.)→behaviour(n.)persuade(v.)→persuasion(n.)→persuasive(adj.)有說服力的，令人信服的educate(v.)→education(n.)→educational(adj.)有教育意義的→educationalist(n.)教育家→educated(adj.)受過教育的typical(adj.)→type(n.)→typically(adv.)disadvantage(n.)→advantage(n.)→disadvantaged(adj.)社會地位低下的；貧困的→disadvantageous(adj.)不利的；不便的advertise(v.)→advertisement(n.)→ad(n.)廣告→advertiser(n.)廣告商；廣告人；廣告公司；登廣告者拓：advertiseforsb./sth.〔在報章、公共場所啟事等上〕公布；征聘eg:TheyareadvertisingforanewEnglishteacher重點詞組：1.abitalittle二者都表示“略微；有點兒”,作程度副詞修飾形容詞、副詞、動詞或比較級。也都可以作名詞詞組，充當主語或賓語。而abit多用于英國英語，修飾不行數(shù)名詞時要用abitof修飾。alittlealittlebit多用于美國英語，可直接修飾名詞。eg:Canyouturnuptheradioabit/little?Iknowonlyabit/littleabouther.I’mabit/littletired.Shehasabitof/alittlemoney.5.keep(stay)fit/healthy 6.doweighttraining7.takeexercise 8.gorunning9.talktosb.aboutsth. 10.not…anymorebeallowedtodosth.pocketmoney拓：pocketbook記事本pocket-sized袖珍的，便攜的headteacher 14.looklike15.trainfortheOlympics 16.wantsb.todosth.17paredwith1.healthyfood 2.junkfood 3.bebadfor4.findout 5.decidetodosth. 6.refusetodosth.7.intheend 8.persuadesb.todosth.spend…onsth./spend…(in)doingsth.agreewith 11.haveahealthymealreadthrough認真通讀，認真核對acoupleof 14.makesenseof理解breakdown出故障gainweight＝putonweight體重增加拓：loseweight體重減輕；減肥eg:Sheistryingtoloseweight.3.encouragesb.todosth.4.openinghours 5.hadbetterdosth.6.thinkabout 7.thesummerholidays8.insteadof 9.thesportscenter10.lookforwardto 11.enjoydoingsth. 12.atfirsteither…or…拓：neither…nor…, both…and…begoodfor 15.suchas 16.incommon共同的，共有的17.giveone’snametosth.以某人的名字命名某物Module 11單詞拓展與辨析:crowd(n.)→crowded(adj.)擁擠的1)n.人群 eg:Policehadtobreakupthecrowd.拓：表示“群眾；民眾；老百姓eg:Hepreferstobeoneofthecrowd.2)v.擠滿；塞滿eg:Thousandsofpeoplecrowdedthenarrowstreets.拓：crowdinto/ontosth.大批涌入〔狹小的空間〕eg:Weallcrowdedintoherofficetosing“happybirthday”.increase(v.)→increasing(adj.)→increasingly(adv.)越來越多地；不斷增加地percent(n.)→percentage(n.)百分率percentopercent＋o＋名詞”構(gòu)造，表示具體的百分數(shù)。本構(gòu)造中的名詞假設(shè)是單數(shù)，謂語動詞就要用單數(shù)；假設(shè)是復數(shù)，謂語動詞就要用復數(shù)。eg:Seventypercentoftheearthiscoveredbywater.Twentypercentofthestudentsarefromthesouth.percentage百分率，百分比。前面常有l(wèi)arge,small,great,high,what 等修飾詞，后面常跟o＋名詞，percentagepercentage前有不定冠詞或what時，句中謂語動詞的單復數(shù)要依據(jù)of后的名詞而定。eg:Thepercentageoffailuresisverysmall.Asmallpercentageofhisincomeisspentinbuyingbooks.AgreatpercentageoftheTVsetsintheshoparemadeinChina.law(n.)→lawful(adj.)合法的→lawyer(n.)律師→lawless(adj.)無法律的；不遵守法律的fault(n.)→faultless(adj.)完善的；沒有錯誤的→faulty(adj.)不完善的；有錯誤的重點詞組：1.alongwith 2.thanksto3.toomany,toomuch拓：somany,somuch4.lookup 5.headteachercomeup發(fā)生；消滅presenttheprizes 8.beworriedabout9.takeup 占用空間、時間；學著做，開頭做；將衣服改短 eg:Hetakesuphisdutiesnextweek.Thisskirtneedstakingup. 10.acrowdof1.moveto 2.overthelast50years 3.livein4.inthecenterof 5.atthattime6.ontheedgeof 7.inthedistance在遠處becloseto離…近，nearto也表示“離…近eg:Goandsitnearertothefire.arrivein 10.closedown關(guān)閉，停業(yè)11.addto12.protect…from…保護…不受…13.thesameas14.infact 15.beinterestedin 16.too…to…17.makethelaws 18.paythetaxes1.haveachancetodosth. 2.becauseof3.needtodosth.anumberof很多，假設(shè)干agreat/largenumberof(＝large/greatnumbersof/alotof)詞用復數(shù)形式