1994年考研英語試題及答案

SectionIStructureandPartABeneatheachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoices,[B],[C]and[D].Choosethehatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.(5points)BythetimeyouarriveinLondon, inEuropefortwoshallhavewillhavehavebeenI havingbeenhavingtohavebeentohaveLivinginthecentralAustraliandeserthasitsproblems,obtainingwaterisnottheleast.offorTheheartis controlledbythebrain.notnotmuno thefactthathisinitialexperimentshadfailed,Prof.Whitepersistedinhisresearch.BecauseAsInspiteInview nWagner’smostenduringcontributiontothestudyofAfro-Americanpoetryishisinsistencethatitinareligious,aswellasworldly,frameofreference.istobehasbeenbeshouldhavebeenThemillionsofcalculationsinvolved,hadtheybeendonebyhand,allpracticalvaluebythetimetheywerefinished.couldwouldhavemightoughttohaveNobreadeatenbymanissosweet Itisn’tcoldenoughfor afrosttonight,soIleaveJim’scaroutquitewouldtoScientistsgenerallyagreethattheEarth’sclimatewillwarmupoverthenext50to100yearsithaswarmedinthe20,000yearssetheIceaslongasmuchassoonaswellasPartBDirections:EachofthefollowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedpartsmarkedmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.(5points)Similarelementsintheprehistoricremainsfrombothareas thatnsandtheirneighbourshadmaintaineddistantbutCconnectionseverbefore1500B.DItsoonbecameobviouslythatinsteadofbeingtrainedtosing wouldbetrainedastheastronomer’s Healsoconceivedthatthesolarsystemandtheuniversewouldcome intoexistencebyanaturalprocessandwoulddisappearone ThemoonhasamassthatisnearlyonehundredtimeslessAtheearth;onsequence,theofgravityatthe surfaceisonlyone-sixthofthatattheearth’s“TheBunsenburnerissonamedbecauseitisthoughttobe byRobertBunsen,whowasDMuchalthoughIhavetraveled,Ihaveneverseen oequalherinthoroughness,whateverthe Theweedsandtallgrassinthatyardmakesthehouselookasifit hadbeenvacantforquitesomeDIfonlythenatureoftheagingprocessisbetterunderstood,the possibilityofdiscoveringamedichatcanblockthefundamentalprocessofagingseemsveryDWhenIconsiderhowtalentedheA

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admirationfortheworkoftheBritisheconomistDPartCBeneatheachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoices[A],[B],[C]and[D].Choosethehatbestcompletesthesentence.inthebracketswithapencil.(10points)Pleasedonotbe toattractattention.Craigassuredhisbossthathewould energiesinngthisnewjob.callcallcallcallToomuch toX-rayscancauseskinburns,cancerorotherdamagetothebody.Whenconfrontedwithsuchquestions,mymindgoes canhardlyremembermyowndateofbirth.Itiswellknownthatknowledgeisthat conditionforexpansionofmind.[A][B]MorethantwohundredyearsagotheUnitedStates BritishEmpireandbecomeantcountry.gotpulledbrokedroppedCareshouldbetakentodecreasethelengthoftimethatoneisloudcontinuousnoise.subjectedfilledassociatedattachedSomeofthemostimportantconceptsinphysics tothesemathematicalsystems.researchinginto.Asadefenseair-pollutiondamage,manyntsandanimalsasubstancetoabsorbharmfulchemicals.beabletowalk.innobyallinnoonanyWhilety,Helenhasahabitofstoptogiveherlongandflowinghairasmooth.OnereasonforthesuccessesofAsianimmigrantsintheU.S.isthattheyhavetakengreat toeducatetheirchildren.Ifanymanheredoesnotagreewithme,heshould nforimprovingthelivingconditionsofthesepeople.putputputputIsupportyourdecision,butIshouldalsomakeitclearthatIamnotgoingtobe toit.TheEnglishlanguagecontainsa(n) ofwordswhicharecomparativelyseldomusedinordinaryconversation.Inmyopinion,youcanwidenthe oftheseimprovementsthroughyouractiveparticipation.Yourimproperwordswillgive todoubtsconcerningyourtrueintentions.Thenewsitemaboutthefireisfollowedbyadetailedreport.ontheontheontheontheTheremarkable oflifeontheGalapagosIslandsinspiredCharlesDarwintoestablishhistheoryofevolution.SectionIIClozemarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Choosethebestoneandmarkyouranswerwithapencil.(10points)Thefirstandsmallestunitthatcanbediscussedinrelationtolanguageistheword.Inspeaking,thechoiceofwordsis41theutmostimportance.Properselectionwilleliminateonesource42breakdowninthecommunicationcycle.Toooften,carelessuseofwords43ameetingofthemindsofthespeakerandlistener.Thewordsusedbythespeakermay44unfavorablereactionsinthe interferewithhiscomprehension;hence,thetransmission-receptionsystembreaks ,inaccurateorindefinitewordsmay forthelistenertounderstandthe48whichisbeingtransmittedtohim.Thespeakerwhodoesnothavespecificwordsinhisworkingvocabularymaybe49toexinordescribeina50thatcanbeunderstoodbyhislisteners.passoutbackupstirupSection ReadingEachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswersmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.letterinthebracketswithapencil.(40points)TextTheAmericaneconomicsystemisorganizedaroundabasicallydeterminewhatshallbeproducedbyspendingtheirmoneyinthemarketceforthosegoodsandservicesthattheywantmost.Privatebusinessmen,strivingtomakeprofits,producemotive,operatingundercompetitivepressures,largelydetermineshowthesegoodsandservicesareproduced.Thus,intheAmericaneconomicofbusinessmentoizeprofitsandthedesireofindividualstoizetheiromes,thattogetherdeterminewhatshallbeproducedandhowresourcesareusedtoproduceAnimportantfactorinamarket-orientedeconomyisthemechanismIntheAmericaneconomy,thismechanismisprovidedbyapricesystem,aprocessinwhichpricseandfallinresponsetorelativedemandsofconsumersandsofferedbyseller-producers.Iftheproductisinshortsupplyrelativetothedemand,thepricewillbebidupandproducingmoreofacommodityresultsinreducingitscost,thiswilltendtoreasethesupplyofferedbyseller-producers,whichinturnpriceistheregulatingmechanismintheAmericaneconomicsystem.Theimportantfactorinaprivate-enterpriseeconomyisthatindividualsareallowedtoownproductiveresources(privateproperty),andtheyarepermittedtohirelabor,gaontrolovernaturalresources,andproducegoodsandservicesforsaleataprofit.IntheAmericaneconomy,theconceptofprivatepropertyembracesnotonlytheownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalsocertainrights,ludingtherighttodetermhepriceofaproductortomakeacontractwithanotherprivateindividual.omes” AmericansareneversatisfiedwiththeirAmericanstendtooverstatetheirAmericanswanttohavetheiromesAmericanswanttoreasethepurchasingpoweroftheirThefirsttwosentencesinthesecondparagraphlus.producerscansatisfytheconsumersbymechanizedconsumerscanexpresstheirdemandsthroughproducersdecidethepricesofsupplyanddemandregulateAccordingtothepassage,aprivate-enterpriseeconomyischaracterizedby privatepropertyandrightsmanpoweranturalresourcesownershipofproductivecontractsandpricesThepassageismainly howAmericangoodsarehowAmericanconsumersbuytheirhowAmericaneconomicsystemhowAmericanbusinessmenmaketheirTextOnehundredandthirteenmillionAmericanshaveatleastonebank-issuedcreditcard.Theygivetheirownersautomaticcreditinstores,restaurants,andhos,athome,acrossthecountry,andevenabroad,andtheymakemanybankingservicesavailableaswell.Moreandtowithdrawordepositmoneyinscatteredlocations,whetherornotthelocalbranchbankisopen.Formanyofusthe“cashlesssociety”isnotonthehorizon--it’salreadyhere.Whilecomputersoffertheseconveniencestoconsumers,theyhavemanyadvantagesforsellerstoo.Electroniccashregisterscandomuchmorethansimplyringupsales.Theycankeepawiderangeofrecords,ludingwhosoldwhat,when,andtowhom.Thisinformationallowsbusinessmentokeeptrackoftheirlistofgoodsbyshowingwhichitemsarebeingsoldandhowfasttheyaremoving.Decisionstoreorderorreturngoodstorscanthenbemade.Atthesametimetheseefficient,allowing nelandstaffingassignmentstobemadens.Computersarereliedonbymanufacturersforsimilarreasons.Compunalyzedmarketingreportscanhelptodecidewhichproductstoemphasizenow,whichtodevelopforthefuture,andwhichtodrop.Computerskeeptrackofgoodsinstock,ofrawmaterialsonhand,andevenoftheproductionprocessitself.Numerousothercommercialenterprises,fromtomagazinepublishers,fromgasandelectricutilitiestomilkprocessors,bringbetterandmoreefficientservicestoconsumersthroughtheuseofcomputers.Accordingtothepassage,thecreditcardenablesitsowner.withdrawasmuoneyfromthebankasheobtainmoreconvenientservicesthanotherpeopleenjoygreatertrustfromthecashmoneywhereverhewishesFromthe tenceofthefirstparagraphwelearn inthefuturealltheAmericanswillusecreditcreditcardsaremainlyusedintheUnitedStatesnowadaysmanyAmericansdonotpayitisnowmoreconvenienttousecreditcardsthanThephrase“ringupsales”(Line3,Para.2)mostprobably makeanorderofrecordsalesonacashcallthesaleskeeptrackofthegoodsinWhatisthispassagemainlyApproachestothecommercialuseofConveniencesbroughtaboutbycomputersinSignificanceofautomationommercialAdvantagesofcreditcardsinTextExceptionalchildrenaredifferentinsomesignificantwayfrompotential,theireducationmustbeadaptedtothosedifferences.Althoughwefocusontheneedsofexceptionalchildren,wefindonthestagecapturesourattention,weareawareoftheimportancethesupportingyersandthesceneryoftheyBoththefamilyandthesocietyinwhichexceptionalchildrenliveareoftenthekeytotheirgrowthanddevelopment.Anditisinthepublictheknowledge,hopes,andfearsthatarepassedontothenextgeneration.thecentralvaluesofthecultureitself.Thegreatinterestinexceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepastthreedecadesindicatesthestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens,whatevertheirspecialconditions,deservetheopportunitytofullydeveloptheircapabilities.“Allmenarecreatedequal.”We’vehearditmanytimes,butitstillhasimportantmeaningforeducationinademocraticsociety.Althoughthephrasewasusedbythiscountry’sfounderstodenoteequalitybeforethelaw,ithasalsobeeninterpretedtomeanequalityofopportunity.Thatconceptimplieseducationalopportunityforallchildren--therightofeachchildtoreceivehelpinlearningtothelimitsofhisorhercapacity,whetherthatcapacitybesmallorgreat.Recentcourtdecisionshaveconfirmedtherightofallchildren--disabledornot--toanappropriateeducation,andhaveorderedthatpublicschoolstakethenecessarystepstoprovidethateducation.Inchildrenwhoareexceptional,tothosewhocannotprofitsubstantiallyfromregularprograms.InParagraph2,theauthorcitestheexampleoftheleadingactoronthestagetoshowthat thegrowthofexceptionalchildrenhasmuchtodowiththeirfamilyandthesocietynormalchildrenare exceptionalchildrenarethekeyinterestofthefamilyandtheneedsofthesocietyweighmuchheavierthantheneedsoftheexceptionalchildreneducationisthat theyareexpectedtobeleadersofthetheymightbecomeaburdenofthetheyshouldfullydeveloptheirdisabledchildrendeservespecialThispassagemainlydeals thedifferencesofchildrenintheirlearningthedefinitionofexceptionalchildreninmodernthespecialeducationalprogramsforexceptionalthenecessityofadaptingeducationtoexceptionalFromthispassagewelearnthattheeducationalconcernforexceptionalchildren isnowenjoyinglegaldisagreeswiththetraditionofthewasclearlystatedbythecountry’swillexertgreatinfluenceovercourtText“Ihavegreatconfidencethatbyofthedecadewe’llknowinvastdetailhowcancercellsarise,”saysmicrobiologistRoberttheideathatonceoneunderstandsthecauses,thecurewillrapidlyfollow.ConsiderPasteur,hediscoveredthecausesofmanykindsofinfections,butitwasfiftyorsixtyyearsbeforecureswereThisyear,50percentofthe910,000peoplewhosufferfromcancerwillsurviveatleastfiveyears.Intheyear2000,theNationalCancerstatisticsarestilldiscouraging13percentforlungcancer,and2percentforcancerofthepancreas(胰腺).Withasmanyas120varietiesinexistence,discoveringhowcancertodietmayactivateadormantoncogene,buthowremainsunknown.Ifseveraloncogenesaredrivenintoaction,thecellunabletoturnthemoff,becomescancerous.Theexactmechanismsinvolvedarestillmysterious,butlikelihoodthatmanycancersareinitiatedattheofgenessuggeststhatwewillneverpreventallcancers.“Changesareanormalpartoftheevolutionaryprocess,”saysoncologistWilliamHayward.Environmentalfactorscanneverbetotallyeliminated;asHaywardpointsout,“Wecan’tprepareamedicineTheprospectsforcure,thoughstilldistant,arebrighter.“First,weneedtounderstandhowthenormalcellcontrolsitself.ellswhicharealwaysresponsibleforatleastpartoftheIfwecanunderstandhowcancerworks,wecan ctitsTheexampleofPasteurinthepassageisused predictthatthesecretofcancerwillbedisclosedinaindicatethattheprospectsforcuringcancerareprovethatcancerwillbecuredinfiftytosixtywarnthatthereisstillalongwaytogobeforecancercanbeTheauthorimpliesthatbytheyear therewillbeadrasticriseinthefive-yearsurvivalrateofskancerpatients90percentoftheskancerpatientstodaywillstillbethesurvivalstatisticswillbefairlyevenamongpatientswithvariouscancerstherewon’tbeadrasticreaseofsurvivalrateofallcancerOncogenesarecancer-causing thatarealwaysinoperationinawhichremainunharmfulsolongastheyarenotthatcanbedrivenoutofnormalwhichnormalcellscan’tturnTheword“dormant”inthethirdparagraphmostprobably.ever-TextDiscoveriesinscienceandtechnologyarethoughtby“untaughtSirAlexanderFlemingdidnot,aslegendwouldhaveit,lookatthemoldonapieceofcheeseandgettheideaforpenicillinthereandthen.Heexperimentedwithantibacterialsubstancesfornineyearsbeforehemadehisdiscovery.Inventionsandinnovationsalmostalwayscomeoutoflaborioustrialanderror.Innovationislikesoccer;eventhebestyersmissthegoalandhavetheirshotsblockedmuorefrequentlythantheyscore.Thepointisthattheyerswhoscoremostaretheoneswhotakemostshotsatthegoal--andsoitgoeswithinnovationinanyfieldofactivity.Theprimedifferencweeninnovatorsandothersisoneofapproach.Everybodygetsideas,butinnovatorsworkconsciouslyontheirs,andtheyfollowthemthroughuntiltheyprovepracticableorotherwise.Whatordinarypeopleseeasfancifulions,professionalinnovatorsseeassolidpossibilities.“Creativethinkingmaymeansimplytherealizationthatthere’swroteRudolphFlesch,alanguageauthority.Thisaccountsforourreactiontoseeminglysimpleinnovationslikesticgarbagebagsandsuitcasesonwheelsthatmakelifemoreconvenient:“Howcomenobodythoughtofthatbefore?”Thecreativeapproachbeginswiththepropositionthatnothingisasitappears.Innovatorswillnotacceptthatthereisonlyonewaytodoanything.FacedwithgettingfromAtoB,theaveragewillautomaticallysetoutonthebest-knownandapparentlysimplestroute.iftheyleadtodeadends. ignorantofthehardworkinvolvedinAcitizenofasocietythat al whohashadnoAnindividualwhooftencomesupwithnewideasbyAccordingtotheauthor,whatdistinguishesinnovatorsfromnon-innovators?ThevarietyofideastheyTheinligencetheyThewaytheydealwithThewaytheypresenttheirTheauthorquotesRudolphFleschinParagraph3 RudolphFleschisthebest-knownexpertinthestudyofhuman thequotationstrengthenstheassertionthatcreativeindividualslookfornewwaysofngthingsthereaderisfamiliarwithRudolphFlesch’spointof thequotationaddsanewideatotheinformationpreviouslyThephrase“marchtoadifferentdrummer”(thelastlineofthepassage)suggeststhathighlycreativeindividualsare diligentinpursuingtheirreluctanttofollowcommonwaysofngdevotedtotheprogressofconcernedabout