非謂語動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)語講解及練習(xí)

非謂語作補(bǔ)語一．帶to的不定式（todo）作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞常見的有：ask,invite,tell,want,encourage,wish,expect,beg,request,require,advise,order,force,cause,allow,permit,forbid,warn,remind,teach,send,callon,waitfor,wouldlike/love/prefer等表示勸請、要求類動(dòng)詞后，用帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)1.Myadvisorencouraged________asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.(北京卷)A.formetakingB.metakingC.formetotakeD.metotake2.Theteacheraskedus________somuchnoise.(北京卷)A.don’tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake3.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim________.(全國卷)A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotdo4.Thepatientwaswarned________oilyfoodaftertheoperation.(全國卷)A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating二.在使役動(dòng)詞后作賓補(bǔ)的不定式不帶to在使役動(dòng)詞make,let,have后，一般用不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，但在其被動(dòng)式后作主語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，要加上to。1.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister________,todayhewasmade________byhislittlesister.A.cry,tocryB.crying,cryingC.cry,cryD.tocry,cry2.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade________.Healwaysworkshard.(全國卷)A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning三．在感官動(dòng)詞后作賓補(bǔ)的非謂語動(dòng)詞形式感官動(dòng)詞feel,listento,hear,see,lookat,watch,notice，observe等后面的賓語與作賓補(bǔ)的非謂語動(dòng)詞在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用不帶to的(在被動(dòng)式后作主補(bǔ)時(shí)要加to)不定式(全過程)或者現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)(正在發(fā)生)，是被動(dòng)關(guān)系是時(shí)，用過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)1.Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher________upfromchildhood.(全國卷)A.growB.grewC.wasgrowingD.togrow2.Themissingboywerelastseen________neartheriver.(全國卷)A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay3.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee________thenextyear.(全國卷)A.carriedoutB.carryingoutC.carryoutD.tocarryout四．其賓語后可用分詞或不定式的3個(gè)動(dòng)詞在want,get,have等動(dòng)詞的賓語后面可接現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞或動(dòng)詞不定式?，F(xiàn)分述如下：①wantsb.doing希望某人做某事(多用于否定)；wantsb.todo要某人做某事；wantsth.done=wantsth.tobedone(被動(dòng))。Idon’twantyouarrivinglate.我希望你不要遲到。(主動(dòng)、否定句)Iwanttheletter(tobe)openednow.我現(xiàn)在就想把這封信拆開。(被動(dòng))②getsb.todosth.使某人做某事(主動(dòng)、將來);get…doing使…開始做某事;get…done=havesth.done請人做/遭受(被動(dòng))。如：I’lltrytogether________thedoctor.(上海卷)A.seeB.seeingC.toseeD.forseeing③havesth.done=getsth.done請人做某事;havesb/sth.doingsth.使某人/某物一直做某事或者處于某種狀態(tài)；havesb.dosth.使某人做某事(見使役動(dòng)詞)；havesth.todo有事要做(見非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語部分)。1.Hedidn’tkeeponaskingmethetimeanylongerashehadhadhiswatch________.(上海卷)A.torepairB.repairedC.repairingD.repair五．可用分詞但不用todo作補(bǔ)語的5個(gè)動(dòng)詞Leave，keep,find等后可用現(xiàn)在分詞(主動(dòng))或過去分詞(被動(dòng))作補(bǔ)語，一般不用todo。在catch(撞見),smell(聞到),等后通常只接現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)語，不用不定式或過去分詞。1.Itwassocoldthattheykeptthefire________allnight.(全國卷)A.toburnB.burntC.burningD.burned2.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound________inthekitchen.(全國卷)A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked3.Helookedaroundandcaughtaman________hishandintothepocketofapassenger.(安徽卷)A.putB.tobeputtingC.toputD.putting4.Thesalesmanscoldedthegirlcaught________andletheroff.(全國卷)A.tohavestolenB.tobestealingC.tostealD.stealing5.Don’tleavethewater________whileyoubrushyourteeth.(天津卷)A.runB.runningC.beingrunD.torun。六．makeoneself后常用understood等過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)makeoneselfunderstood/heard/seen/known讓別人明白自己的意思/讓自己講的話被別人聽到/讓自己被別人看到/讓自己被別人認(rèn)識。如：1.Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldn’tmakehimself________.(全國卷)A.hearB.tohearC.hearingD.heard2.Helenhadtoshout________abovethesoundofthemusic.(廣西卷)A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhearC.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheard七．可用tobe或tohavedone作補(bǔ)語的9個(gè)動(dòng)詞在表示“認(rèn)為”的think,consider,believe,suppose,prove,find,understand,judge,imagine等動(dòng)詞后，可跟tobe作補(bǔ)語(認(rèn)為…是…)，一般不跟todo；但在think,consider,believe等之后可跟tohavedone作補(bǔ)語(認(rèn)為…做了…)。如：CharlesBabageisgenerallyconsidered________thefirstcomputer.(全國卷)A.tohaveinventedB.inventingC.toinventD.havinginvented八．在besaid/reported等后用不定式在besaid,bereported,bebelieved,besupposed,bethought等后面，以及要求接不定式。1.Hewasreportedtohavebrokentheworldrecord.據(jù)報(bào)道他打破了世界紀(jì)錄。=Itisreportedthathehasbrokentheworldrecord.2.Thefluisbelieved____byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.(上海卷)A.causeB.beingcausedC.tobecausedD.tohavecaused3.Robertissaid________abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.(全國卷)A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying九．在介詞with后作賓補(bǔ)的非謂語動(dòng)詞形式在with的賓語后，若用過去分詞，表示賓語與過去分詞在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且意味著該動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成或；若用現(xiàn)在分詞，表示賓語與現(xiàn)在分詞在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且表示動(dòng)作的持續(xù)進(jìn)行；若用帶to的不定式，則表示將來的動(dòng)作，賓語與不定式在邏輯上可以是主動(dòng)關(guān)系也可以是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，注意此時(shí)的不定式不是作賓補(bǔ)而是作賓語的定語了。如：1.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands________behindhisback.(全國卷)A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied2.Withalotofdifficultproblems________,thenewly-electedpresident