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Unit4PygmalionPeriod3Grammar—RevisethePastParticipleastheAdverbial整體設(shè)計(jì)教學(xué)內(nèi)容分析Thisteachingperiodmainlydealswiththegrammaritem:theuseofthepastparticipleastheadverbial.Thepastparticiplewhichactsastheadverbialinthesentencefunctionsasanadverbialclausewhichshowstime,reason,condition,andsoonanditcanbereplacedbyanadverbialclause.Ifthereisaconjunctionbeforethepastparticiple,itcanbeconsideredasomissioninadverbialclauses.三維目標(biāo)設(shè)計(jì)Knowledgeandskills1.Toletthestudentslearntheuseofthepastparticipleastheadverbial.2.Toenablethestudentstousethepastparticipleastheadverbialcorrectlyandproperly.Processandmethods1.Toaskthestudentstoreadthereadingpassageagain,pickoutthesentenceswiththepastparticipleastheadverbialinthemandwritesomeontheblackboard.2.Toaskthestudentstodiscoverhowthepastparticipleisusedinvariousways.3.ToaskthestudentstodotheexercisesinRevisingusefulstructuresonPage33forstudentstomastertheuseofthepastparticipleastheadverbial.4.Toaskthestudentstosummarizetheuseofthepastparticipleastheadverbial.5.ToaskthestudentstodotheexercisesinUsingStructuresonPage72andsomeotheradditionalexercisesforconsolidation.Emotion,attitudeandvalue1.Togetthestudentstobecomeinterestedingrammarlearning.2.Todevelopthestudents'abilityofcomparingandsummarizing.教學(xué)重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)1.Togetthestudentstomasterthestructureandusagesofthepastparticipleastheadverbial.2.Toenablethestudentstolearnhowtousethepastparticipleastheadverbial.教學(xué)過(guò)程Step1Revision1.Checkthehomeworkexercises.2.Dictatesomenewwordsandexpressions.3.TranslatethesentencesintoEnglish:(1)認(rèn)識(shí)你我非常高興。(makeone'sacquaintance)________________________________________________________________________(2)一般來(lái)說(shuō),生活是不容易的。(generallyspeaking)________________________________________________________________________(3)他從錢的角度來(lái)看每一件事。(intermsof)________________________________________________________________________(4)他覺得他比別人優(yōu)越。(besuperiorto)________________________________________________________________________Suggestedanswers:(1)Iampleasedtomakeyouracquaintance.(2)Generallyspeaking,lifeisnoteasy.(3)Hethoughtofeverythingintermsofmoney.(4)Hethinksheissuperiortoothers.Step2WarmingupAskthestudentstorereadthepassageandfindoutthesentenceswiththepastparticipleastheadverbialinthem.Forexample:(1)Nowonce_taught_byme,she'dbecomeanupperclasslady...(P29,L45)(2)But,sir,(proudly)onceeducatedtospeakproperly,thatgirlcouldpassherselfoffinthreemonthsasaduchessatanambassador'sgardenparty.(P30,L50)Askthestudentstothinkabouttheuseofthepastparticipleastheadverbialfromtheabovetwosentences.Step3GrammarlearningAskthestudentstostudythefollowingsentencesandtrytosummarizetheusagesofthepastparticipleastheadverbial.1.Thepastparticipleactsastheadverbialinthesentence,anditgenerallyfunctionsasanadverbialclause.(1)Seen_from_the_hill,thetownlooksbeautiful.(=Ifitisseenfromthehill...)(2)Given_another_chance,hecandoitbetter.(=Ifheisgivenanotherchance...)(3)Tired_from_the_day's_hard_work,hefellasleepsoon.(=Becausehewastiredfromtheday'shardwork...)2.Theomissioninadverbialclauses.(1)Shewon'tgototheparty,unless(she_is)invited.(2)When(it_is)heated,watercanbechangedintosteam.(3)Generallyspeaking,when(it_is)taken_according_to_the_directions,thedrughasnosideeffect.Step4SummingupTrytohelpthestudentsdrawthefollowingconclusions.1.Whenthepastparticipleactsastheadverbialinthesentence,itgenerallyfunctionsasanadverbialclausesuchastheclausewhichshowstime,reason,condition,andsoonanditcanbereplacedbyanadverbialclause.2.Whenthesubjectoftheclauseisthesubjectofthemainsentenceandthereissomeformofthelinkverb“be”,thesubjectand“be”initcanbeomitted.Step5Grammarpractice1.Askstudentstodothefollowingexercises:(1)Rewritethesentencesusingthepastparticipleastheadverbial.①Becausethefilmiswelldirected,itiswellworthseeing.________________________________________________________________________②WhenthehotlinewasputintouseinApril2000,itwasmeantforresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________③Whenthemuseumiscompleted,itwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.________________________________________________________________________④Whentheseproductsarefirstintroducedtothemarket,theyenjoyedgreatsuccess.________________________________________________________________________(2)Correctthemistakesinthefollowingsentences.①Iftobegivenmoremoney,Iwillsolvetheproblemsoon.②Laughedatbyeveryone,buthehadmysympathy.③Nomatterhowwelltranslated,wedon'tlikeit.Suggestedanswers:(1)①Welldirected,thefilmiswellworthseeing.②PutintouseinApril2000,thehotlinewasmeantforresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns.③Whencompleted,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.④Whenfirstintroducedtothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.(2)①Ifgivenmoremoney,Iwillsolvetheproblemsoon.②Laughedatbyeveryone,hehadmysympathy.③Nomatterhowwellitistranslated,wedon'tlikeit.2.DotheexercisesinExercises2and3inRevisingusefulstructuresonPage33.3.DotheexercisesinUsingStructuresonPage72.Firstaskstudentstodotheexercisesindividually,andthenletthemdiscussandchecktheiranswerswiththeirpartners,andfinallygivethemthecorrectanswersanddealwithanyproblemstheymightmeet.Step6Learningmoreaboutthegrammar1.過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的功能及位置(1)過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ),修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài),即動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)的背景或狀況,其邏輯主語(yǔ)通常就是句子的主語(yǔ),且主語(yǔ)是過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)作的承受者,過(guò)去分詞與主語(yǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,即被動(dòng)關(guān)系。如:Althoughbuiltthirtyyearsago,thehouselooksverybeautiful.這座房子盡管是30年前建造的,但它看起來(lái)依然很漂亮。(2)過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作條件、原因及時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí),通常放在句首;作伴隨、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí),通常放在句末;作方式狀語(yǔ)時(shí),一般放在句末,有時(shí)也放在句首;作讓步狀語(yǔ)時(shí),一般放在句首,有時(shí)也放在句末。如:Givenmoretime,hecandoitbetter.如果給他更多的時(shí)間,他就能做得更好。Defeatedagain,hedidn'tloseheart.盡管再次被擊敗,但他沒有灰心。2.過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)與狀語(yǔ)從句的轉(zhuǎn)換(1)過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),可轉(zhuǎn)換為when,while或after等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句。如:Seenfromthetopofthehill,theparklooksmorebeautiful.→Whenitisseenfromthetopofthehill,theparklooksmorebeautiful.從山上往下看,這座公園看起來(lái)更加漂亮。(2)過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作條件狀語(yǔ),可轉(zhuǎn)換為if,once或unless等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句。如:Unitedwewillstand;dividedwewillfall.→Ifweareunitedwewillstand;ifwearedividedwewillfall.團(tuán)結(jié)就是勝利;分裂必然失敗。(3)過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ),可轉(zhuǎn)換為as,since或because等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句。如:Encouragedbytheprogresshehasmade,heworksharder.→Asheisencouragedbytheprogresshehasmade,heworksharder.由于受到所取得成績(jī)的鼓舞,他工作更努力了。(4)過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作讓步狀語(yǔ),可轉(zhuǎn)換為although,though或evenif等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句。如:Althoughexhaustedbytheclimb,wecontinuedourjourney.→Althoughwewereexhaustedbytheclimb,wecontinuedourjourney.我們雖然爬得很累,但我們?nèi)匀焕^續(xù)我們的旅程。(5)過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作方式狀語(yǔ),如有連詞asif,就轉(zhuǎn)換為asif引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句;若無(wú)連詞,則轉(zhuǎn)換為并列結(jié)構(gòu)。如:Hebegantocryasifbittenbyasnake.→Hebegantocryasifhewerebittenbyasnake.他大叫起來(lái),好像被蛇咬了一樣。(6)過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ),一般轉(zhuǎn)換為并列結(jié)構(gòu)。如:AuntWucamein,followedbyherdaughter.→AuntWucamein,and(she)wasfollowedbyherdaughter.吳大娘走進(jìn)來(lái),(她)后面跟著她的女兒。3.過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ),有時(shí)前面帶有連詞,是狀語(yǔ)從句的省略形式,其中省去了從句的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞,通常主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)相同。如:Whenever(hewas)askedaboutit,hecouldhardlyholdbackhisfeelings.每當(dāng)有人問(wèn)及此事,他就難以控制自己的感情。Step7SummingupTrytohelpthestudentsdrawthefollowingconclusions.1.Thepastparticiplewhichactsastheadverbialinthesentencefunctionsasanadverbialclausewhichshowstime,reason,condition,andsoonanditcanbereplacedbyanadverbialclause.2.Ifthereisaconjunctionbeforethepastparticiple,itcanbeconsideredasomissioninadverbialclauses.Whenthesubjectoftheclauseisthesubjectofthemainclauseandthereissomeformof“be”,thesubjectand“be”initcanbeomitted.Step8Havingacompetition1.Getstudentstoformgroupsof6.2.Letstudentsdescribeoneofthemostinterestingplacestheyknowof.Spendsometimepreparingashortspeech,andmakesuretousepastparticiplesastheadverbial.Thengivetheshortspeechtothepartnersandseeifthereissomethingwrongwithit.Atlast,presentittothewholeclass.Alltheclasswilldecidewhichgroupisthewinner.EXAMPLE:Irememberatemple...Setamongmanylovelytrees,thetemple...Placedinsidetherooms,statues...Step9ClosingdownbyaquizShowstudentsthefollowingonthescreenorgiveouttestpaperstothem.1.Choosethebestanswer(1)Andthere,almost______inthebigchair,satherlittlebrother,whoneverhadtobetoldtokeepquiet.A.havinglostB.losingC.tobelostD.lost(2)______andoutofbreath,wereachedthetopofthemountainandstopped______thebeautifulscenery.A.Tiring;toadmireB.Beingtired;admiringC.Tired;toadmireD.Tired;admiring(3)______bythefilm,hedidn'tgotosleepuntillateintothenight.A.DeeplymovedB.DeeplymovingC.MovingdeeplyD.Tobemoved(4)______fromspace,ourearth,______water______70%ofitssurface,appearsasa“blueglobe”.A.Havingseen;the;coveredB.Seeing;with;coveringC.Seen;with;coveringD.Tosee;the;covered(5)______ofplastics,themachinesarelightinweight.A.MadeB.MakingC.TobemadeD.Tomake(6)Onalongrailwayjourney,withfourEnglishmeninthecarriage,oftentherewon'tbeaword______duringthewholejourney.A.speakingB.spokenC.tobespokenD.tospeak(7)______whatwouldhappen,noneofthemcouldfindawayout.A.LeftwonderingB.HavingleftwonderingC.LeavingtowonderD.Havinglefttowonder(8)______manytimes,hefinallyunderstoodit.A.ToldB.TellingC.HavingtoldD.Havingbeentold(9)______byhisgrandparentsinthecountryside,heisn'taccustomedto______inthecity.A.Havingbroughtup;liveB.Grownup;livingC.Grownup;liveD.Broughtup;living(10)______fromMilanTrenc'snovel,thefilmNightattheMuseumbringstolifeaworldwheredinosaurswandertheearth.A.AdaptedB.AdaptingC.HavingadaptedD.TobeadaptedSuggestedanswers:(1)-(5)DCACA(6)-(10)BADDA2.Rewritethesentences(1)A.Onceitisbegun,theprojectwillneverbechanged.B.____________,theprojectwillneverbechanged.(2)A.Ashewasknowntoall,hewasrecognizedveryeasily.B.__________________,hewasrecognizedveryeasily.(3)A.Ifitisseeninthisway,thematterisnotasseriousaspeoplegenerallysuppose.B.________________________,thematterisnotasseriousaspeoplegenerallysuppose.Suggestedanswers:(1)Oncebegun(2)Knowntoall(3)SeeninthiswayStep10Homework1.FinishofftheWorkbookexercises.2.PreviewthepassageonPage34.Step11Reflectionafterteaching________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________教學(xué)參考過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)1.過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)的和完成的動(dòng)作。如:Written_in_a_hurry,thisarticlewasnotsogood!因?yàn)閷懙么颐?,這篇文章不是很好。(written為過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ),表示這篇文章是“被寫”的,而且“已經(jīng)”被寫。)【注意】有些過(guò)去分詞因來(lái)源于系表結(jié)構(gòu),作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)不表被動(dòng)而表主動(dòng)。這樣的過(guò)去分詞及短語(yǔ)常見的有:lost(迷路);seated(坐);hidden(躲);stationed(駐扎);lost/absorbedin(沉溺于);born(出身于);dressedin(穿著);tiredof(厭煩),等。如:Lost/Absorbed_in_deep_thought,hedidn'thearthesound.因?yàn)槌聊缬谒伎贾?,所以他沒聽到那個(gè)聲音。Borninthisbeautifultown,hehatestoleaveit.出生于這個(gè)美麗的小鎮(zhèn),他不愿離開它。2.過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)其邏輯主語(yǔ)為主句的主語(yǔ),此時(shí)應(yīng)注意人稱一致。如:Given_another_hour,Icanalsoworkoutthisproblem.再給我一個(gè)小時(shí),我也能解這道題。(given為過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ),它的邏輯主語(yǔ)為主句主語(yǔ)I,即I被再給一個(gè)小時(shí)。)Seen_from_the_top_of_the_hill,thecitylooksmorebeautifultous.從山頂看城市,城市顯得更漂亮。(seen為過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ),表示“被看”,由語(yǔ)境可知,它的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須是“城市”,而不是“我們”,因?yàn)椤拔覀儭睉?yīng)主動(dòng)看城市。)【注意】過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),如果前面再加邏輯主語(yǔ),主句的主語(yǔ)就不再是分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ),這種帶邏輯主語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)際上屬于獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。如:The_signal_given,thebusstarted.信號(hào)一發(fā)出,汽車就開動(dòng)了。(thesignal是given的邏輯主語(yǔ),因此主句主語(yǔ)thebus就不是given的邏輯主語(yǔ)。)Her_head_held_high,shewentby.她把頭昂得高高地從這兒走了過(guò)去。(herhead是heldhigh的邏輯主語(yǔ),因此主句主語(yǔ)she就不再是heldhigh的邏輯主語(yǔ)。)3.過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)來(lái)源于狀語(yǔ)從句。如:Caught_in_a_heavy_rain,hewasallwet.因?yàn)榱芰艘粓?chǎng)大雨,所以他全身濕透了。(caughtinaheavyrain為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ),它來(lái)源于原因狀語(yǔ)從句Becausehewascaughtinaheavyrain.)Grown_in_rich_soil,theseseedscangrowfast.如果種在肥沃的土壤里,這些種子能長(zhǎng)得很快。(growninrichsoil為過(guò)去分詞作條件狀語(yǔ),它來(lái)源于條件狀語(yǔ)從句Iftheseseedsaregrowninrichsoil)【注意】狀語(yǔ)從句改成過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)有時(shí)還可保留連詞,構(gòu)成“連詞+過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)。如:When_given_a_medical_examination,youshouldkeepcalm.當(dāng)你做體格檢查時(shí)要保持鎮(zhèn)定。4.過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的位置。過(guò)去分詞可放在主句前作句首狀語(yǔ),后面有逗號(hào)與主句隔開,也可放在主句后面,前面有逗號(hào)與主句隔開。如:Hestoodtheres

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