b8英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)：簡(jiǎn)單句、復(fù)雜句+學(xué)案

簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型，并列句和復(fù)合句（一）句子種類(lèi)兩種分類(lèi)法人按句子的用途可分四種:1）陳述句（肯定、否定）：Heissixyearsold.Shedidn'thearofyoubefore.2）疑問(wèn)句（一般、特殊、選擇、反意）：Dotheylikeskating?Wheredidyougoyesterday?Ishesixorsevenyearsold?Marycanswim,can'tshe?3）祈使句：Becareful,boys.Don'ttalkinclass4）感嘆句：Whatanexcitingfilmitwas!Howclevertheboyis!2、按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種:1）簡(jiǎn)單句：只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)（或并列主語(yǔ)）和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)（或并列謂語(yǔ)）。如：HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.TomandMikeareAmericanboys.Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.2）并列句：由并列連詞（and,but,or等）或分號(hào)（；）把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起構(gòu)成。如：Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous,前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。3）復(fù)合句：含有一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上從句的句子。復(fù)合句包含：名詞性從句（主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句）、定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句等。如：TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.（二）簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型1、主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞：Everybodysmiled.Sheoftendreams.Theenginebrokedown.Howdidtheaccidentcomeabout?2、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)：Maryboughtabook.Doyouknowthem?Ifinishedreadingthetext.Youmusttrytoimprove.令在此句型中,及物動(dòng)詞后常跟_ 等作賓語(yǔ)。3、主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)：Itsoundsagoodidea.Hehasfallenill.Summerisover.Thestudentsareinfavorofreform.Theirfavoritepastimeisplayingchess.Theonlythingnowistotakeataxi.令常用的系動(dòng)詞有一 等;TOC\o"1-5"\h\z可作表語(yǔ)成分的有一 等。4、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+雙賓語(yǔ)（間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)）：Myfathergavemeadictionary.（可用to改寫(xiě)一 ）rilmakeyousomefreshtea.（可用for改寫(xiě)f ）Theyforgavehimhiscrimes.令直接賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)詞作用的對(duì)象,通常指的是物；間接賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作所指向的人,一般位于直接賓語(yǔ)之前,如果間接賓語(yǔ)位于直接賓語(yǔ)之后,則由介詞to,for等引出。5、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)）：TheycalledtheirdaughterMary.Ithoughthersoniceandsincere.Shewishedherselfhome.Heputhisbooksinorder.IsawherchattingwithNancy.Whatdoyouadvisemetodo?Tommadethebabylaugh.Youmustmakeyourselfrespected.令此句型中的賓語(yǔ)后需跟上賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)才完整,賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)合稱(chēng)為復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的用TOC\o"1-5"\h\z作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的有 等。?Exercisel：判斷下面各句分別屬于簡(jiǎn)單句的哪種基本句型：Yoursisterdancesbeautifully.( )Doingthatwouldbeplayingwithfire.( )3.1willtellmyfriendstoprotecttheenvironment.( )Theykepttheirmarriageasecret.( )Shegavemehertelephonenumber.( )Goodfoodkeepsyouhealthy.( )advisewaitingtilltherighttime.( )Didyousleepwell?( )Horse-ridingandshootingaresomeofthemoreunusualevents.(Popmusicmakespeoplefeeleasyandforgetabouttherealworld.(（三）并列句的分類(lèi)1、表示連接兩個(gè)同等概念，常用and,notonly…butalso…，neither…nor…，then等連接。如：Theteacher'snameisSmith,andthestudent'snameisJohn.2、表示選擇，常用的連詞有or,either…or…，otherwise等。如：Hurryup,oryou'llmissthetrain.3、表示轉(zhuǎn)折，常用的連詞有but,still,however,yet,while,when等。如:Hewasalittlemanwiththickglasses,buthehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandinteresting.4、表示因果關(guān)系，常用的連詞有so,for,therefore等。如：Augustisthetimeoftheyearforriceharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.（四）復(fù)合句復(fù)合句也稱(chēng)主從句，即主句和從句，從句須有引導(dǎo)詞或叫連詞引出，否則復(fù)合句不成立。由于連詞既起連接主句和從句的作用，表明主從句之間的關(guān)系，還在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分，有一定的意義,故復(fù)合句中的連詞常成為考查的焦點(diǎn)。從句有三種：.名詞性從句（包括主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句）Whenthetrainwillarriveisunknown.Everybodyknowsthatmoneydoesn'tgrowontrees.Thisiswhatweshoulddo.Shetoldusherhopethatshewouldbecomeapianist..定語(yǔ)從句(形容詞性從句)HeisthemanwhoIsawintheparkyesterday..狀語(yǔ)從句(副詞性從句)Heisabsenttoday,becauseheisill.?Exercise!：判斷下列句子是簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句：( )1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.( )2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.( )3.Thereisachairinthisroom,isn9tthere?( )4.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.( )5.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.( )6.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.( )7.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.( )8.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant,isn'tit?( )9.Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.( )10.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.（五）高考考點(diǎn)探討1、簡(jiǎn)單句的五大句型是最基本的句型。雖然近幾年單純考查這種基礎(chǔ)句型的題不多，但是在閱讀中有時(shí)需借助于劃分句子成分去理解，在書(shū)面表達(dá)中，沒(méi)有最基本的遣詞造句的能力是不可能用地道的英語(yǔ)句子來(lái)表達(dá)清楚的。2.祈使句、反意疑問(wèn)句和感嘆句是高考命題的熱點(diǎn)之一。有時(shí)把祈使句與反意疑問(wèn)句結(jié)合于一體來(lái)考查。一個(gè)題目，幾個(gè)考點(diǎn)，是近幾年命題的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。3、高考對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和各種復(fù)合句的考查常表現(xiàn)在對(duì)連詞的選擇和使用上。如：and,but,or,while,以及其它連接名詞性從句、定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞、關(guān)聯(lián)詞。4、各種主從復(fù)合句的考查常常與動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)聯(lián)系在一起，以賓語(yǔ)從句與狀語(yǔ)從句最為明顯，時(shí)間從句與條件從句中，如果主句是將來(lái)時(shí)，從句則用一般式表將來(lái)，這一點(diǎn)在高考中經(jīng)?？疾椤Ｈ纾篧ewillgooutingifitdoesn'traintomorrow.?鞏固練習(xí)：一、選擇填空：Givemeonemoreminuterilbeabletofinishit.D.soD.hasn'titD.soD.hasn'titD.willyouD.isn'the?

*C.isn'tit?

*C.isn'titC.won'tweC.isheA.hasn'theB.isn'theLetuspass,?A.shan'tweB.shallwesupposehe'sserious, ?A.doI B.don'tII'msorrytohavetosaythis,youforgottoturnoffthelightswhenyoulefttheroomlastnight.A.and B.but C.so D.becauseJohnhasnotyetpassedthedrivingtest,and.A.Henryhasn'ttoo B.HenryalsohasnoteitherC.neitherHenryhas D.neitherhasHenryTherearemanysportsloversinhisoffice.Someloveclimbing,othersenjoyswimming.A.or B.for C.while D.so——Doyoufeellikegoingoutwouldyouratherhavedinnerathome?——I'dliketogoout.A.orB.andC.but.——Youruncleisn'tanengineer,ishe?A.Yes,heisn't B.No,heisn'tC.No,heisA.orB.andC.but.——Youruncleisn'tanengineer,ishe?A.Yes,heisn't B.No,heisn'tC.No,heis.friendlytoeveryone!A.How,isshe B.What,issheC.How,sheis.Marywenttobedearly,shefeltverytired.A.or B.so C.for.Asheisstrong,canliftonehundredpounds.A.yethe B.buthe C.he.downtheradio——thebaby'sasleepinthenextroom.A.Turning B.Turn C.Turned.——Idon'tlikechickenfish.——Idon'tlikechickenIlikefishverymuch.A.or,but B.and,but C.or,and.——Wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight?——rdliketo,I'mtoobusy.A.and B.so C.asD.soD.HeisD.What,sheisD.yetD.andD.ToturnD.and,andD.but二、用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填空：Heclosedthewindow,turnedoffthelightlefttheroom.SheisAmericanshespeaksChineseveryfluently.Itisfoggytoday,wecan'tseedistanthills.Helikessports,Fdrathercollectstamps.hecouldn'tunderstandwasfewerandfewershowedtheirinterestinhislesson.wishedwecouldgosightseeinginHangzhouthissummerandwecouldbuysomebooksonourwaybackinShanghai.Sheexpressedthehopeshewouldwriteanovelsomeday.ThegirlEnglishisverygoodwonthefirstplaceinthe100-metrerace,madeallofusveryhappy.PleasetellusthetimeweshallhavetheChineseexam.ayoungman,hewasastorekeeperlaterapostmaster.三、將下列句子譯成英語(yǔ):.湯姆決心不再遲到了。.我很餓，請(qǐng)給我一點(diǎn)東西吃。.老師講話(huà)時(shí)，我們得保持安靜，對(duì)不對(duì)?.我們把英語(yǔ)看作日常工作中的一種有用的工具。.他們?nèi)∠松蟼€(gè)星期天去揚(yáng)州的游覽，因?yàn)檎铝艘惶煊辍?金錢(qián)就是一切，這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)我不喜歡。.在黑暗的大街上，沒(méi)有一個(gè)她可以尋求幫助的人。?他在這家工廠工作了十年之后就出國(guó)了。練習(xí)參考答案練習(xí)參考答案?Exercisel：1.S+Vi.2.S+linkV+P3.S+Vt.+O6.S+Vt.+O+O.C.7.S+Vt.+O8.S+Vi.1.S+Vi.2.S+linkV+P3.S+Vt.+O6.S+Vt.+O+O.C.7.S+Vt.+O8.S+Vi.4.S+Vt.+O+O.C.5.S+Vt.+LO+D.O9.S+linkV+P1