遼寧省營口市2022高考英語閱讀理解短文填單詞類訓(xùn)練題2

遼寧營口市2022高考英語閱讀理解、短文填單詞類訓(xùn)練題（4）及答案閱讀理解專題訓(xùn)練(一)------閱讀中的猜詞技巧(5)------對比法◆方法點撥有的文章作者為了增強(qiáng)表達(dá)效果，會用一對反義詞揭示事物的不同點，形成鮮明的對比，這時只要把握其中的一詞，就不難推出另一詞的含義；有時根據(jù)上下句之間表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系的連接詞，就可以看到前后句在意義上的差別，從而依據(jù)某一句的含義，來確定另一句的含義。這種句子多半有unlike，although，but，yet，while，onthecontrary，ontheotherhand，insteadof，ratherthan等信息詞。另外，分號也可以表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對比的意義。如：(1)Isheintelligentorstupid?(2)Unlikehisbrother，whoistrulyahandsomeperson，Hogerttyisquitehomely.1．解析：根據(jù)stupid可推斷出intelligent的意思為“聰明的”。答案：聰明的2．解析：此句中的unlike一詞暗示了Hogertty和他的兄弟的長相不同，他的兄弟是個handsome(英俊的)人，所以Hogertty一定是一個homely(不英俊)的人。答案：不英俊的◆活學(xué)活用(一)利用上述猜測詞義方法，猜出下列各句劃線部分的意思1．UnliketheUniteStateswheremanydifferentnationalitiesmakeupthepopulation，Japan'spopulationisquitehomogeneous.2．Anyfoolcanmakesoap，butittakesageniustosellit.3．AndrewisoneofthemostsuperciliousmanIbrother，incontrast，isquitehumbleandmodest.4．Agoodsupervisorcanrecognizeinstantlytheadeptworkersfromtheunskilledones.5．Motherwastall，fatandmiddle-principaloftheschoolwasanolderwoman，almostasplumpasmother，andmuchshorter.()A．healthyB．thinC．slimD．fat(一)1．解析：與manydifferentnationalities相反，故為“單一民族的”。答案：單一民族的2．解析：由but可知genius是與fool(蠢才)相對的，由此推測其意為“有才能的人”、“天才”。答案：有才能的人，天才3．解析：incontrast提醒我們supercilious與humbleandmodest是對比關(guān)系，由此可以猜出其意義。答案：目空一切，傲慢的4．解析：通讀全句不難看出，說話者是把熟練工人與非熟練工人進(jìn)行對比，由此可知adept的詞義是“熟練的”。答案：熟練的5．解析：作者把學(xué)校的校長和他的母親相比，其中older對應(yīng)middle-aged，shorter對應(yīng)tall，所以plump對應(yīng)fat。答案：D。***********************************************結(jié)束It'sanendlessculturallessonthat'sbeencravedintoourheadssincewewerechildren,watchingcartoonssuchas"TheFlintstones"（摩登原始人）andplayingwithBarbiedolls:Ifyouareawoman,youshouldbeextremelythin;ifyouareaman,youshouldbebigandstrong． Andwhilewe'vegrownaccustomedtoresearchfindingthatsuchstereotypes（固有觀點）playapartintheworkplace—obesewomen,forexample,haveahardertimeclimbingupthecareerstairway—arecentstudyhasfoundthataworker'sbodysizecanhaveabigeffectonthesizeofhisorherpayenvelope． Thestudyfoundthatobesepeoplewereidentifiedas"undisciplined,dishonestandlesslikelytodocreativework．" Onthecontrary,theresearcherspointoutthatemployersandfellowemployeesassociatevaluesofself-discipline,hardworkandconfidencewiththinpeople． Expertssayit'sjustanothersignthatasasociety,we'vefixedintoourheadstheunrealistic,media-drivenphysicalidealsthatshowupintheworkplace—andthereforethewallet． Theresearcherssaythatemployersdon'tpurposelythinkofthesethingswhenthey'reevaluatingaperson．Muchoftheproblemistheresultofunconsciousdecisionsbasedondeep-rootedsocialstereotypes． It'snosecretthatthemassmediahavemuchtodowithwhatdecidestheimageoursocietyfindspleasingandacceptable． TVshowssuchas"MadMen"and"NCIS"presentpowerfulmenwithaverycoollook．'CougarTown"ontheotherhand,celebratesskinnycareerwomanJulesCobb,asuccessfulbusinessmanwhoclaimsshe'snevereatenrealicecreambecauseshe'ssoconcernedaboutherweight． Theresearcherssuggestthatemployerslookattheirassumptionsaboutemployees'weight,becausetheymayberootedindiscrimination． Anemploymentlawyer,MarshallTanick,willbeleadingaconferencethisspringonhowweightandattractivenessrelatetounfairtreatment,especiallysalariesintheworkplace． Nationally,therehavebeenfewclaims,thelawyersaid．Somecaseshavesimplynotbeenverysolid,hesaid,andsomeemployeeshavebeentooembarrassedtofollowthroughwithacase．Inaddition,discriminationcasesaregenerallytoughtowin,becausesomuchissubjective．"Thatwouldbeanuphillbattle,"hesaid．72．Accordingtothebody-sizestereotypeswecaninferthat______．A．a(chǎn)nextremelythinwomanisunacceptableB．a(chǎn)nobesepersontendstobehard-workingC．a(chǎn)nattractivepersontendstogethighersalaryD．a(chǎn)strongmanissuitablefortoughwork73．Wecanconcludefromthepassagethatthebody-sizestereotypes______．A．a(chǎn)reformedthroughconstantinfluenceofmediaB．havebecomequiteunacceptabletopeopleC．resultfrompeople'sunconsciousresponsesD．a(chǎn)replayinganimportantroleinpeople'sdailylife74．Thelawyersaidtheunderlinedwordsattheendofthepassagebecause______．A．peopleareunawareofthesize-discriminationB．stereotypesinfluencepeople'sjudgmentinsize-discriminationcasesC．theemployerswouldn'tabandontheirunfairtreatmentD．evidencesarehardtoobtaininasize-discriminationcase75．What'sthebestpossibletitleforthepassage?A．AnUnwinningUphillBattle．B．Whenitcomestosalary,bodysizematters．C．Say"No"toSize-Discrimination．D．HowSocialStereotypesmakeadifferencetous．**********************************************************結(jié)束AMillionsofgirlsgrowupwiththehopeofbecomingafamoussinger.Someevenwinlocaltalentcompetitionsaschildren,butonlyafewsuchearlysuccessesanddreamsturnintoreality.JessicaAndrewsisoneofthefewwhosedreamshavecometrue.

Andrews,firsttasteofsuccesscameattheageof10.ShewonatalentcompetitioninherhometownofHuntingdon,Tennessee,singingIWillAlwaysLoveYou,originallysungbyWhitneyHouston.Houston'sversionofthesongappearedonTheBodyguardsoundtrack,whichhappenedtobethefirstalbumAndrewseverbought.Withintwoyears,talkofAndrewshadspreadtoNashvilleandcaughttheattentionofproducerByronGallimore,whosecreditsincludeworkwithTimMcGraw,FaithHill,andJoDeeMessina.WithGallimoresignedontoproduce,Andrewssoonhadarecordingcontract(合同)withDreamWorks'Nashvillelabel.

Andrews'professionalcareerwaslaunchedwith1999'sHeartShapedWorld,recordedwhenshewas14yearsold.ThealbumincludedthecountryhitIWillBeThereForYou,whichalsoappearedonThePrinceOfEgypt.ShefollowedupthereleaseofthealbumbytouringasasupportactforsuchcountrysuperstarsasFaithHillandTrishaYearwood.

Withthereleaseof2001’sWhoIAm,Andrewsbecameastarinherownright.Thealbumwascertified(證明）goldforsalesof500,000copies.AndrewsreturnedinApril2022withNow，analbumthatshepromisedwouldshowanewsideoftheyoungartist."Thisalbumhasaverydifferentfeelingforme,"shesaid."It'salotmorepersonalandthere'saconfidencethatwasn'tquitethereonthefirsttwo.Ifeelespeciallyconnectedtothisgroupofsongs."

56.What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“l(fā)aunched”inthefourthparagraph?

A.Aimed.

B.Sent.

C.Started.

D.Set.

57.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisWRONGaccordingtothepassage?

A.TheBodyguardwasthefirstalbumAndrewseverbought.

B.AfterAndrewssangWhoIAm，shebecameastarinherownright.

C.IWillAlwaysLoveYouwasoriginallysungbyWhitneyHouston.

D.NowexpressesanewfeelingofAndrews.

58.WhichofthefollowingmayNOTbeAndrews'album?

A.Now.

B.HeartShapedWorld.C.ThePrinceofEgypt.D.WhoIAm.

59.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.JessicaAndrews'Life

B.JessicaAndrews'Dream

C.JessicaAndrews'Songs

參考答案56-59CBCD************************************************結(jié)束閱讀文章------5Analtimeter(測高計)isaninstrumentusedinanairplanetotellthepilothowhighheisaltimeterusedinmostairplanesisakindofbarometer(氣壓計)，which，likebarometersfoundinordinaryhomes，isameasuringinstrumentforairweightoftheatmospherepressesdownwardssealevelthispressureismorethan14poundsoneverysquareinchofthehigheryougointotheair，thelowertheairpressurealtimetermeasuresthisairpressuretoshowthealtitudeoftheairplane，or，howhighitisabovethesealevel.Butthealtimeterdoesnotshowhowhightheplaneisabovetheplanemightbeflyingatanaltitudeof15000feet，butitwouldbeonlyathousandfeetorsoabovethegroundifthelandinthatareahappenedtobe14000feetabovesealevel.Thepilotadjustshisaltimetertotheactualsea-levelpressurebeforesettingoutfromtheairportandthencorrectsitinflightaccordingtonewinformationgiventohimbyflieshighenoughtobeaboveanymountainhemaypassonhisbarometeraltimeteriscorrectwithinabout300feet.Anotherkindofaltimeter，theradioaltimeter，makesuseofradiocalculatestheheightoftheflyingplanebysendingoutelectricalsignalstothesurfacebelowandmeasuringthetimerequiredforthemtobounceback(反彈)．Itiscorrectwithin15feetoverwater，butisnotreliableoverplanesusuallyhavebothkindsofaltimeter.Title：Aninstrumentusedinanairplanetotellthepilotthecraft.TheradioaltimeterHowitworksBytoshowthealtitudeoftheairplane，ortheheightabovesealevel.Bygivingoutthesurfacebelowandmeasuringthetimerequiredfortobounceback.Howto8．______Adjustittotheactualsea-levelpressurebeforetheplane.Correctitinflightaccordingtonewinformation./RequirementsWithinWithin15feetoverwater參考答案------51．An/Thealtimeter；AltimetersaltitudeKindsbarometeraltimeterairpressure7．electricalsignalsoff/leavestheairport300feet*************************************************************結(jié)束【閱讀文章簡答題】(二)BillGateswasbornonOctober28th,andhistwosistersgrewupinfather，WilliamH．GatesⅡ，wasaSeattleGates，theirlatemother，wasaschoolteacher.GatesattendedpublicelementaryschoolbeforemovingontotheprivateLakesideSchoolinNorthwasatLakesidethatGatesbeganhiscareerinpersonalcomputersoftware，programmingcomputersatage13.In1973，GatesenteredHarvardUniversityasafreshman，whereheliveddownthehallfromSteveBallmer，whoisnowMicrosoft'satHarvard，Gatesdevelopedaversion(版本)oftheprogramminglanguageBASICforthefirstmicrocomputer—theMITShisjunioryear，GatesdroppedoutofHarvardtodevotehisenergiesfull-timetoMicrosoft，acompanyhehadstartedin1975withhisboyhoodfriendPaulbyabeliefthatthepersonalcomputerwouldbeavaluabletooloneveryofficedesktopandineveryhome，theybegandevelopingsoftwareforpersonalcomputers.Gates'foresighthasledtothesuccessofMicrosoftandthesoftwareplaysanimportantroleinthetechnicaldevelopmentofnewof