王關(guān)富商務(wù)英語閱讀第二版chapter詳解省名師優(yōu)質(zhì)課賽課獲獎?wù)n件市賽課百校聯(lián)賽優(yōu)質(zhì)課一等獎?wù)n件

Chapter2AChangedGlobalReality世界經(jīng)濟格局新改變1/40Teachingobjectives:LearnsometechnicaltermsrelatedtobusinessEnlargevocabularyComprehendbusinessEnglishincontext2/40Saythisfortheyoungcentury:weliveininterestingtimes.Notquite21?2yearsago,theworldeconomytippedintothemostseveredownturnsincetheGreatDepressioninthe1930s.Worldtradeslowedsharply.Unemploymentlinesgrewlonger,especiallyintheoldindustrialeconomies.Financialinstitutionsthathadseemedassolidasgranitedisappearedasiftheywerenomoresubstantialthanabunchofflowersinthehandsofanold-stylemagician.Tipinto掉進陷入Thisrecessioncouldeasilytipintoadepression.

mostseveredownturn：最慘重低迷狀態(tài)Abunchofflowers一束花對于新世紀，我們得這么說：我們生活在一個有趣時代。差不多兩年半之前，世界經(jīng)濟陷入了20世紀30年代經(jīng)濟大蕭條時期以來最慘重低迷狀態(tài)。世界貿(mào)易進程大幅放緩。失業(yè)隊伍也越來越快，這在舊工業(yè)經(jīng)濟體系表現(xiàn)尤為突出。原來堅如磐石金融機構(gòu)也消失了，似乎還不如老套魔術(shù)師變花束看起來真實。3/40Giventhatthescaleofthedownturnwassoepochal,itshouldnotbesurprisingthatthenatureoftherecoverywouldlikewisebethestuffofhistory.Andithasbeen.AstheymaketheirwaytoDavosfortheannualmeetingoftheWorldEconomicForum(WEF)byhelicopter,bus,carortrain(whichistherightwaytodoit),themembersoftheglobaleconomicandpoliticalelitewillfindthemselvescomingtotermswithsomethingtheyhaveneverknownbefore.Given–considering鑒于考慮到Epochal新紀元;劃時代;有重大意義epoch時代紀元EpochaldecisionsmadebyRooseveltandChurchill.羅斯福和邱吉爾做出有重大意義決定epochalstupidity.無與倫比愚蠢Makeone’swayto前往某處Helookedaround,thenmadehiswaytothelavatory.DAVOSDavos

瑞士達沃斯是“世界經(jīng)濟論壇”theWorldEconomicForum(WEF)主辦地.Cometotermswith勉強接收妥協(xié)安于Ittookalongtimeforhimtocometotermswithhisdisability.Buyerscan’tcometotermswiththecar’sstyling,anditshighpriceprovedabitterpill.不得不接收現(xiàn)實考慮到經(jīng)濟衰退幅度如此跨時代，經(jīng)濟復(fù)蘇進程會很慢也是理所當(dāng)然，對此我們不應(yīng)該感到吃驚。事實也正如我們所料，復(fù)蘇進程確實很慢。全球經(jīng)濟政治精英乘直升飛機、大巴、小汽車或是火車前往達沃斯參加一年一度世界經(jīng)濟論壇會議，此次會議上，全球經(jīng)濟政治精英會發(fā)覺自己開始接收一些聞所未聞事情。4/40Thenewrealitycanbeexpressedlikethis.Formorethan200years,sincetheIndustrialRevolution,theworldhasseentwoeconomies.Onehasdominatedtechnologicalinnovationandtradeandamassedgreatwealth.Thesecond—muchofitpoliticallyunderthethumbofthefirst—hasremainedpoorandtechnologicallydependent.Thisdivideremainsstubbornlyreal.Therichworld—theU.S.,Canada,WesternEurope,Australia,NewZealand,JapanandthefouroriginalAsiandragons—accountsforonly16%oftotalworldpopulationbutnearly70%ofworldoutput.Amassgreatwealth:積累、積聚財富Underthethumbof受。。。支配TheGreensfamilyisunderthethumbofthemother.Technologicaldependent技術(shù)上依賴性Accountfor解釋占，百分比

Howcanwe

account

for

therecentpopulationexplosion?我們怎樣能解釋最近人口激增現(xiàn)象？Theminoritynationalities

account

for

sixpercentofthepopulation.少數(shù)民族占人口百分之六。當(dāng)今情況是這么。自工業(yè)革命以來二百多年間，世界出現(xiàn)了兩大經(jīng)濟體。一個支配著技術(shù)創(chuàng)新和貿(mào)易，累積了大量財富。另一個在政治上主要受前者控制，在經(jīng)濟上一直處于貧窮狀態(tài)而且在技術(shù)上存在依賴性。二者鴻亙古存在。發(fā)達國家----美國、加拿大、西歐、澳大利亞、新西蘭、日本及亞洲四小龍，以世界總?cè)丝?6%輸出著世界快要70%產(chǎn)品。5/40Butchangeisuponus.Thedevelopedworldofthehavesisstrugglingtorestartgrowthandpreservewelfarestates,whiletheworldoftheoncehave-notshassurgedoutofthedownturn.BigemergingeconomieslikeChinaandIndiahavediscoverednewsourcesofdomesticdemand.PartsofAfricaareattractingrealinterestfrominvestors.Alltold,thestrengthofthedevelopingworldhassupportedtheglobaleconomy.TheWorldBankestimatesthateconomicgrowthinlow-andmiddle-incomecountriescontributedalmosthalfofworldgrowth(46%)in.haves/have-nots發(fā)達國家/欠發(fā)達、貧窮國家preservewelfarestates：維持社會福利Emergingeconomies:新興經(jīng)濟體Domesticdemand:國內(nèi)需求Alltold:總之世界形勢正發(fā)生著改變。在發(fā)達國家富人們努力重新刺激經(jīng)濟增加并維持社會福利時候，曾經(jīng)窮人們卻已經(jīng)擺脫了經(jīng)濟困境。像中國和印度這么大新興經(jīng)濟體已經(jīng)找到了國內(nèi)需求新起源。非洲部分地域也正吸引著對他們真正感興趣投資者?？傊l(fā)展中國家力量撐起了世界經(jīng)濟。據(jù)世界銀行預(yù)計，，中低收入國家經(jīng)濟增加約占世界經(jīng)濟增加二分之一（46%）。6/40P1-P4[therichrestart,thepoorsurge]ChangeNewRealitySthNew1Downturn7[trade,jobless,financial][WEF,elites][Richworld]7/40ASighofRelief經(jīng)濟回暖，令人欣慰8/40

Inthelongterm,thisisnothingbutgoodnews.Asbillionsofpoorpeoplebecomemoreprosperous,theywillbeabletoaffordthecomfortstheircounterpartsintherichworldhavelongconsideredthenormalappurtenancesoflife.Butbeforewecelebrateaneweconomicorder,deepdivisionsbothbetweenandwithinnationshavetobeovercome.Otherwise,theworldcouldyettipbackintoabeggar-thy-neighbor

populismthatwillendupbeggaringeveryone.Wearenotoutofthewoodsyet.Inthelongterm:inthelongrun從久遠來看Nothingbut:只是真是Famebroughther

nothing

but

misery.名聲只給她帶來了痛苦。appurtenance:附件，從屬物,從屬品

Beggar-thy-neighbor

以鄰為壑：拿鄰國當(dāng)做大水坑，把本國洪水排泄到那里去。比喻只圖自己一方利益，把困難或禍患轉(zhuǎn)嫁給他人。Populism:民粹主義是在19世紀俄國興起一股社會思潮。民粹主義基本理論包含：極端強調(diào)平民群眾價值和理想，把平民化和大眾化作為全部政治運動和政治制度正當(dāng)性最終起源；依靠平民大眾對社會進行激進改革，并把普通群眾看成政治改革唯一決定性力量；經(jīng)過強調(diào)諸如平民統(tǒng)一、全民公決、人民創(chuàng)制權(quán)等民粹主義價值，對平民大眾從整體上實施有效控制和操縱。Outofthewoods:脫離困境Withonegoalremaining,theywerenotoutofthewoodsjustyet.從久遠看來，這真是個好消息。伴隨幾十億貧苦人們開始變得富有起來，他們也將能夠支付得起發(fā)達國家人們所擁有過享受，而這些享受在富人們眼中僅僅是普通生活從屬品而已。不過，在慶賀一個新經(jīng)濟秩序建立之前，我們必須克服國與國之間以及國家內(nèi)部存在深層分歧。不然，世界將會重新陷入以鄰為壑民粹主義，最終每個人都淪為乞丐，我們?nèi)晕疵撾x困境。9/40First,though,let'sassesshowthingsstand.Theworldisinamuchbetterstatethanmanyexpecteditwouldbeayearago.Thedouble-diprecessionsomeeconomistsfearednevermaterialized.IntheU.S.,whichseemedtostallinthesummer,thereareearlysignsthatconsumersarespendingandbanksarelendingagain,whilethestockmarketisatitshighestpointin21?2years.ThoughEuropeiswheezingundercascadingsovereign-debtcrises,ithassofaravoidedtheworst-casescenarios—acollapseoftheeuro,adebtcrisisthatspillsfromsmalleconomiessuchasGreeceandIrelandtomuchbiggeroneslikeItalyandSpain,andbittersocialunrestinthosenationsthatarehavingtomassagewagesdownwhilecuttingpublicbudgets.Double-diprecession雙底衰退

意思就是當(dāng)一個國家經(jīng)濟從衰退走出來后再次進入一個新衰退期、蕭條期,這時我們說a

double-dip

recession

二次衰退。Materialize:詳細化，成為現(xiàn)實Stall:停頓，熄火，拖延Thecarenginemaystallaswegoupthehill.爬山時,汽車發(fā)動機可能發(fā)生故障。atitshighestpoint：到達巔峰Wheeze喘息Theoldmanmanagedtowheezeoutafewwords.老人勉強地喘息著說出了幾句話。Cascading:大量許多，飛流直下主權(quán)債務(wù)(sovereigndebt)：是指一國以自己主權(quán)為擔(dān)保向外，不論是向國際貨幣基金組織還是向世界銀行，還是向其它國家借來債務(wù)。Socialunrest:社會動蕩，不安massage:按摩，改動不過首先讓我們評定一下當(dāng)前情況。現(xiàn)在世界情況比一年前我們所想象要好得多。一些經(jīng)濟學(xué)家一直害怕發(fā)生“雙底衰退”也從未出現(xiàn)過。美國經(jīng)濟似乎一直停滯不前，不過現(xiàn)在一些早期跡象表明用戶開始消費了，銀行也開始發(fā)放貸款了，同時股市也在經(jīng)濟蕭條兩年半之后到達了巔峰狀態(tài)。盡管歐洲一直在一重接一重主權(quán)外債危機下茍延殘喘，不過它到當(dāng)前為止已經(jīng)防止了最糟糕情況-----歐元瓦解，歐元瓦解是一個債務(wù)危機，從希臘和愛爾蘭這么小經(jīng)濟體流竄到意大利和西班牙這么大經(jīng)濟體，而且加劇了一些國家社會騷亂，這些國家在縮減公共預(yù)算同時不得不降低薪資。10/40Amidalltheencouragingnews(oratleasttheabsenceofterribletidings),GoldmanSachseconomistshaveturnedpracticallygiddy,recentlyupgradingtheir2011global-andU.S.-growthforecasts(to4.8%and3.4%,respectively).While2010wasthe“YearofDoubt,”2011,theyproclaim,willbethe“YearofRecovery.”U.S.economistNourielRoubini,theCassandra預(yù)言者ofthecrisis,reckonsthatifallgoesrightandnothingterriblegoeswrong,theglobaleconomymightgrownearly4%thisyear.高盛集團（GoldmanSachs），一家國際領(lǐng)先投資銀行和證券企業(yè)，向全球提供廣泛投資、咨詢和金融服務(wù)，擁有大量多行業(yè)客戶，包含私營企業(yè)，金融企業(yè)，政府機構(gòu)以及個人。giddy

輕浮，輕佻；

輕狂DuringAugustourdoomappearedtosomegiddyWesternjournalists“aquestionofdays.”八月間，在西方一些輕率記者看來，我們毀滅似乎“指日可待”。Upgrade:更新，改良，升級

upgrade

thetown'sleisurefacilitiesReckon:認為，預(yù)計He

reckonedhewasstillfondofher.他認為自己還喜歡著她。聽到如此多鼓舞人心消息（或者最少是沒有很糟糕消息），高盛經(jīng)濟學(xué)家?guī)缀踝兊幂p率起來，最近他們更新了20全球和美國經(jīng)濟增加預(yù)測（分別是4.8%和3.4%）。盡管是“令人懷疑一年”，不過高盛經(jīng)濟學(xué)家們宣稱20必定是經(jīng)濟復(fù)蘇一年，努里爾?盧比尼----美國經(jīng)濟學(xué)家，這次經(jīng)濟危機預(yù)言者，認為假如一切都順利，而且沒有更糟糕事情發(fā)生，全球經(jīng)濟今年可能會增加快要4%。11/40Itmustbesaid:noteveryoneagrees.JimWalker,aneconomistatresearchfirmAsianomicsinHongKong,predictsthat2011willbea"yearofreckoning."ThereboundintheU.S.,Walkersays,isamiragecreatedbyexcessivestimulus.HeexpectstheU.S.toslipintothedoubledipitdodgedin2010.Eventhelessbearishworrythattheglobaleconomyisfarfromhealed.Mosteconomistsexpectthereboundtoflattenoutin2011,withgrowthlikelytobelowerthanin2010.Inmid-January,theWorldBankestimatedglobalGDPgrowthwillslowto3.3%in2011from3.9%in2010.StephenRoach,aneconomistatYaleUniversity,believesthattheworldeconomyisstilldiggingitselfoutofthedebtanddistortionsbuiltupduringthelastboom."It'sareallyslowpostcrisisworkout,"Roachsays."I'mnotpreparedtogivetheglobaleconomythegreenlight.香港一家調(diào)研企業(yè)Asianomics（亞洲經(jīng)濟）yearofreckoning：“清算之年”mirage海市蜃樓，幻景excessivestimulus：過分刺激slipinto：落入，陷入，滑進China’sgrowingdependenceonoilensuresthatshouldanoilcrisisoccur,itwillsipintorecession.Dodge:躲避，回避dodgeaspeedingcarBearish:行情看跌；熊市bullish牛市Flattenout:變平Exportgrowthhasstartedtoflattenout.停頓增加

digyourselfoutof

adifficultorunpleasantsituation：從困境脫身He'stakenthesemeasurestotryand

dig

himselfoutofahole.他已采取了這些辦法，試圖讓自己擺脫困境。有些人必定會說：并不是每個人都同意這個觀點。吉姆?沃克----香港亞洲經(jīng)濟分析咨詢企業(yè)經(jīng)濟學(xué)家，預(yù)測20將會是“清算之年”。沃克談到，美國經(jīng)濟反彈只是由過分刺激形成海市蜃樓。他認為美國將會落入僥幸躲避過去“雙底衰退”之中。即使是不那么消極人也擔(dān)心全球經(jīng)濟遠沒有恢復(fù)。大多數(shù)經(jīng)濟學(xué)家預(yù)計20經(jīng)濟反彈會逐步消失，經(jīng)濟增加也可能會低于。一月中旬，世界銀行估測全球GDP增加將由3.9%下降到203.3%。耶魯大學(xué)經(jīng)濟學(xué)家史蒂芬?羅奇認為，世界經(jīng)濟仍會極力從上次經(jīng)濟繁榮期產(chǎn)生債務(wù)和扭曲中脫身?！斑@真是一次遲緩后經(jīng)濟危機考驗?！绷_奇說道，“我并不準備給經(jīng)濟復(fù)蘇這個觀點亮綠燈”。12/40Thecautionisunderstandable.Inthedevelopedworld,unemploymentremainssickeninglyhigh(9.4%intheU.S.,10.1%intheeurozone).Theprivate-sectordebtcrisisof2008-09hasmorphedintoapublic-sectordebtcrisisin2010-11,aresultofthedebtanddeficitsamassedintheprocessofstimulatingeconomiesandbailingoutbanksduringthedownturn.Sickeningly:令人恐懼地;令人厭惡地;令人作嘔地private-sectordebtcrisis/public-sectordebtcrisis私營部門債務(wù)危機/公共部門債務(wù)危機Morphinto:變成Mild-manneredStanley

morphsintoaconfident,grinninghero.性情溫和斯坦利變了，成了充滿信心、笑口常開英雄。Deficit:赤字虧空trade

deficit貿(mào)易赤字

a

deficit

of2,000dollarsBailout(常指經(jīng)過出資）幫助…脫離困境Theywilldiscusshowtobailtheeconomyoutofitsslump.他們將討論怎樣使經(jīng)濟走出低谷。這種慎重是能夠了解。在發(fā)達國家，失業(yè)率依然很高（美國是9.4%，歐元區(qū)是10.1%）。9月私營部門債務(wù)危機到2011月已經(jīng)演變?yōu)楣膊块T危機。這是由經(jīng)濟低迷期刺激經(jīng)濟和救助銀行時所累積債務(wù)和財政赤字造成。13/40Politiciansarebeingforcedtoscalebackspendingeventhoughtherecoveryremainsweak.InBritain,deepcutsinthebudgetmandatedbyPrimeMinisterDavidCameronwillmostlikelycosthundredsofthousandsofpublic-sectorjobs.IntheU.S.,themiserableconditionofstateandlocalgovernments'budgetsislikewiseleadingtoajob-killingretrenchment.Europe'simpositionofausterityhasledtoheightenedpoliticalconflict.Ballooningdebtsandfeeblegrowthprospectsfortheadvancedeconomiesarereorderingtheinvestor'sperceptionofrisk.NotingthattheU.S."hasnoplaninplacetostabilizeandultimatelyreversetheupwarddebttrajectory,"Moody'sinmid-Januarywarnedthatthecountry'sAAAcreditratingcouldcomeunderpressureifdebtcontinuestomount;afewdayslater,Moody'supgradedIndonesia'srating.scaleback:縮減，縮小規(guī)模Despitecurrentpriceadvantage,UKmanufacturersarestillhavingto

scalebackproduction盡管當(dāng)前在價格上占據(jù)優(yōu)勢，英國生產(chǎn)商還是不得不降低產(chǎn)Mandate:強制執(zhí)行trajectory：軌道軌跡retrenchment:（開支）緊縮，削減feeble:虛弱，軟弱，微弱austerity:節(jié)衣縮食..aneconomic

austerity

program.經(jīng)濟緊縮方案AAAcreditrating:借款企業(yè)信用等級分三等九級，即：AAA、AA、A、BBB、BB、B、CCC、CC、C。等級含義以下：AAA級：短期債務(wù)支付能力和長久債務(wù)償還能力含有最大保障；經(jīng)營處于良性循環(huán)狀態(tài)，不確定原因?qū)?jīng)營與發(fā)展影響最小。

14/40Politiciansarebeingforcedtoscalebackspendingeventhoughtherecoveryremainsweak.InBritain,deepcutsinthebudgetmandatedbyPrimeMinisterDavidCameronwillmostlikelycosthundredsofthousandsofpublic-sectorjobs.IntheU.S.,themiserableconditionofstateandlocalgovernments'budgetsislikewiseleadingtoajob-killingretrenchment.Europe'simpositionofausterityhasledtoheightenedpoliticalconflict.Ballooningdebtsandfeeblegrowthprospectsfortheadvancedeconomiesarereorderingtheinvestor'sperceptionofrisk.NotingthattheU.S."hasnoplaninplacetostabilizeandultimatelyreversetheupwarddebttrajectory,"Moody'sinmid-Januarywarnedthatthecountry'sAAAcreditratingcouldcomeunderpressureifdebtcontinuestomount;afewdayslater,Moody'supgradedIndonesia'srating.即使復(fù)蘇進程依舊疲緩，政客們依舊被迫縮減開支。在英國，首相戴維?卡梅倫大幅消減預(yù)算很可能會造成幾十萬人失業(yè)。在美國，國家和地方政府糟糕預(yù)算一樣也會造成工作崗位緊縮。歐洲采取財政緊縮政策也加劇了政治沖突。日漸高磊債臺以及發(fā)達經(jīng)濟體疲軟經(jīng)濟增加前景讓投資者們開始重新審閱風(fēng)險。注意到美國“對于穩(wěn)定和最終扭轉(zhuǎn)不停向上債務(wù)曲線是沒有任何適累計劃”，穆迪于一月中旬發(fā)出警告：假如債務(wù)連續(xù)攀升，國家AAA級信用評級見面臨被降級危險。幾天之后，穆迪更新了印尼評級。15/40Theemergingeconomiesfacerisksoftheirown.Themostalarmingisasharpriseininflation—aresultofstrongdomesticgrowth,stimuluspolicies,andcommoditypricespumpedupgloballybyreturningdemand,fearsof(oractual)supplyconstraintsandtheloose-moneypoliciesoftheWest.InearlyJanuary,FatihBirol,chiefeconomistattheInternationalEnergyAgency,warnedthatoilprices,nowover$90abarrel,"areenteringadangerouszone"thatcouldthreatentheglobalrecovery.TheU.N.'sFoodandAgricultureOrganizationsaiditsfood-priceindexreachedanall-timehighinDecember,surpassingeventhenosebleedlevelsof'ssurge.Suchspikingpricesforthebasicspeopleneedtosurvivearehardenoughtoswallowinthedevelopedworld."Justatthepointyoustarttoseearecoverycoming,yougethitbycommoditypricesthathitpeople'sincomes,"saysStephenKing,chiefeconomistatHSBC.Inemergingmarkets,thefalloutcanbemuchmoresevere.HighfoodpriceshavealreadycontributedtothecollapseofthegovernmentinTunisia.Inflation：通貨膨脹pumpedup:給…打氣nosebleed:出鼻血，極高loose-moneypolicies寬松貨幣政策寬松貨幣政策（easymonetarypolicy）總來說是增加市場貨幣供給量，比如直接發(fā)行貨幣，在公開市場上買債券，降低準備金率和貸款利率等，貨幣量多了需要貸款企業(yè)和個人就更輕易貸到款，普通能使經(jīng)濟更加快發(fā)展，是促進繁榮或者是抵抗衰退辦法food-priceindex:食品價格指數(shù)是研究食品價格動態(tài)改變一個工具，它為制訂、調(diào)整和檢驗各項經(jīng)濟政策，尤其是價格政策提供依據(jù)。價格上漲嚴重fallout:余波;后果新興經(jīng)濟體也面臨著自己風(fēng)險。最緊急就是通貨膨脹急速加劇----這是強勁國內(nèi)增加、刺激政策以及全球物價上漲結(jié)果，而全球物價上漲則是由需求重返、實際供給擔(dān)心以及西方寬松貨幣政策造成。一月初，國際能源機構(gòu)首席經(jīng)濟學(xué)家法提赫?比羅爾發(fā)出警告：現(xiàn)在石油價格每桶已經(jīng)超出90美元，世界經(jīng)濟正踏入一個危險區(qū)域，可能會威脅全球經(jīng)濟復(fù)蘇。聯(lián)合國糧農(nóng)組織表示，食品價格指數(shù)在12月份到達新高，甚至超出了那令人乍舌高度。在發(fā)達國家，人們生存必需品價格如此暴漲，令人非常難以接收?！熬驮谀銊偛趴吹浇?jīng)濟復(fù)蘇曙光時候，你立馬被沖擊人們收入物價敲了當(dāng)頭一棒，”匯豐銀行首席經(jīng)濟學(xué)家史蒂芬?金如此說道。在新興市場，其后果可能會愈加嚴重。高物價也加劇了突尼斯政府衰敗。16/40Theemergingeconomiesfacerisksoftheirown.Themostalarmingisasharpriseininflation—aresultofstrongdomesticgrowth,stimuluspolicies,andcommoditypricespumpedupgloballybyreturningdemand,fearsof(oractual)supplyconstraintsandtheloose-moneypoliciesoftheWest.InearlyJanuary,FatihBirol,chiefeconomistattheInternationalEnergyAgency,warnedthatoilprices,nowover$90abarrel,"areenteringadangerouszone"thatcouldthreatentheglobalrecovery.TheU.N.'sFoodandAgricultureOrganizationsaiditsfood-priceindexreachedanall-timehighinDecember,surpassingeventhenosebleedlevelsof'ssurge.Suchspikingpricesforthebasicspeopleneedtosurvivearehardenoughtoswallowinthedevelopedworld."Justatthepointyoustarttoseearecoverycoming,yougethitbycommoditypricesthathitpeople'sincomes,"saysStephenKing,chiefeconomistatHSBC.Inemergingmarkets,thefalloutcanbemuchmoresevere.HighfoodpriceshavealreadycontributedtothecollapseofthegovernmentinTunisia.新興經(jīng)濟體也面臨著自己風(fēng)險。最緊急就是通貨膨脹急速加劇----這是強勁國內(nèi)增加、刺激政策以及全球物價上漲結(jié)果，而全球物價上漲則是由需求重返、實際供給擔(dān)心以及西方寬松貨幣政策造成。一月初，國際能源機構(gòu)首席經(jīng)濟學(xué)家法提赫?比羅爾發(fā)出警告：現(xiàn)在石油價格每桶已經(jīng)超出90美元，世界經(jīng)濟正踏入一個危險區(qū)域，可能會威脅全球經(jīng)濟復(fù)蘇。聯(lián)合國糧農(nóng)組織表示，食品價格指數(shù)在12月份到達新高，甚至超出了那令人乍舌高度。在發(fā)達國家，人們生存必需品價格如此暴漲，令人非常難以接收?！熬驮谀銊偛趴吹浇?jīng)濟復(fù)蘇曙光時候，你立馬被沖擊人們收入物價敲了當(dāng)頭一棒，”匯豐銀行首席經(jīng)濟學(xué)家史蒂芬?金如此說道。在新興市場，其后果可能會愈加嚴重。高物價也加劇了突尼斯政府衰敗。17/40Fearingtheconsequences,policymakersthroughoutthedevelopingworldhaveswitchedprioritiesfromholdingupgrowthtofightinginflation.Inmid-January,Chinaraisedthereserve-requirementratio—whichforcesbankstoparkmoremoneyathomeforeveryloantheymake—toarecordhighinanattempttocurtailcreditandquellinflation,whichroseatthefastestpaceintwoyearsinNovember.InIndia,ragingfoodprices,gallopingaheadbynearly17%fromayearearlier,havebecomesuchasensitiveissuethatwhenPakistantemporarilycutoffsomeexportsofonionstothecountry,itsparkedaminordiplomaticrow.Thesamemeasuresusedtobustinflation,however,willalsodampengrowth.TheWorldBankpredictsslowdownsforroaringChina(from10%growthin2010to8.7%in2011)andIndia(9.5%to8.4%).switchedprioritiesfrom:優(yōu)先權(quán)從。。轉(zhuǎn)向。。Canadahasswitchedimmigrationpriorityfrominvestorstoprofessionals.holdingup:舉起，托起，支撐，維持galloping飛馳；急速進行Children'swearisoneareathatisholdingupwellintherecession.童裝是經(jīng)濟衰退中依然保持良好發(fā)展一個領(lǐng)域。reserve-requirementratio:存款準備金率指存款貨幣銀行按法律要求存放在中央銀行存款與其吸收存款比率。打比喻說，假如存款準備金率為10％，就意味著金融機構(gòu)每吸收1000萬元存款，要向央行繳存100萬元存款準備金，用于發(fā)放貸款資金為900萬元。curtailcreditandquellinflation:縮短;減縮;限制壓制;消除降低放貸、抑制通貨膨脹cutoff:切除；

切[隔]斷They

were

almost

completely

cut

off

from

the

outside

world.

他們幾乎完全與外界絕緣了.Row：爭吵，喧華bust:打壞；破壞Dampen:抑制；

使潮濕因為擔(dān)心造成類似后果，發(fā)展中國家決議者決定把優(yōu)先保持經(jīng)濟增加轉(zhuǎn)為優(yōu)先抵抗通貨膨脹。一月中旬，中國將存款準備金率上調(diào)至歷史新高----強制銀行每放一筆貸款就必須在央行存放更多貯備金，以期降低放貸、抑制通貨膨脹，通貨膨脹在十一月到達兩年來新高。在印度，瘋狂物價較去年已飛速增加了近17%，這已經(jīng)成為了非常敏感問題。以致于巴基斯坦在暫時縮減對印度洋蔥出口時引發(fā)了輕微外交爭吵。然而，消除通貨膨脹辦法也會抑制經(jīng)濟增加。世界銀行預(yù)測發(fā)展快速中國和印度經(jīng)濟增加會放緩，因為中國經(jīng)濟增加由10%下降到208.7%，印度由9.5%下降到8.4%。18/40ASighofReliefYearofreckoningcautionBetterstateThepooraffordlife1919/40WasItforThis?這就是為了未來而進行所謂“合作”嗎？20/40Suchnumbers,ofcourse,arebeyondthedreamsofworkersandconsumersindevelopedeconomies.MillionsfromMichigantoMadridwanttoworkbutcan't—leadingthemtoputcountlesssmalldreamsforthemselvesandtheirfamiliesonhold—sotheriskthattheshiftofeconomicpowerwillbreedpopulistresentmentrises.Manyinthedevelopedworldareonlynowbecomingawarethattheglobe'seconomicfuturewillbedeterminednotjustinLondonorNewYorkCitybutinBeijingandNewDelhitoo."TheproblemthatWesterneconomieshaveisthattheyhaven'trealizedthefulleffectoftheriseoftheemergingworld,"saysHSBC'sKing.Onhold:.暫緩,推遲,擱置We'veputtheprojectonholdforamonth.我們把這個計劃暫時擱置一個月。Breed:產(chǎn)生；引發(fā)；釀成Familiaritybreedscontempt.HSBC:匯豐銀行當(dāng)然，這么數(shù)字是發(fā)達經(jīng)濟體工人和消費者做夢都不敢想。從密歇根到馬德里，上百萬人們想要工作但卻不能----這使他們將自己和家人無數(shù)小夢想都暫時擱置----所以，由經(jīng)濟實力改變引發(fā)民粹主義不滿情緒風(fēng)險加大。發(fā)達國家許多人就剛才才意識到，未來全球經(jīng)濟不但僅由倫敦或紐約這么城市決定，也一樣由北京和新德里這么城市決定。“西方經(jīng)濟體所面臨問題是：他們沒有意識到新興世界興起全方面影響，”匯豐銀行主席如是說。21/40Onesuspectstheysoonwill.ThesummitbetweenU.S.PresidentBarackObamaandChinesePresidentHuJintaoinWashingtontookplaceinahighlychargedatmosphere.Chinaistiredofbeinglecturedtobythosewhoseemunabletomanagetheirowneconomiesparticularlywell.U.S.politicians,withaneartotheirconstituents,arelobbyingforprotectivetariffsifChinadoesnotallowitscurrencytoappreciate.U.S.businesses,whichhaveinthepastbeensupportiveoffreetradeandengagementwithChina,arebeginningtosingwithdifferentvoices.LargetechnologyandindustrialcompaniesgrumblethatChina'spursuitof"indigenousinnovation"throughregulatoryandprocurementpoliciesisfreezingthemoutofpotentiallylucrativemarkets.Charged(形勢)擔(dān)心，引發(fā)強烈感情

Aweddingisanemotionally

charged

situation.婚禮是個讓人動情場所。beinglecturedto：被訓(xùn)斥告誡WhenIwassmall,Iwasoftenlecturedtobymyfatherfornaughtyacts.withanearto：愿意聽constitutentes組成成份選民Lobbying：游說protectivetariffs：保護性關(guān)稅indigenousinnovation：土生土長，固有，本土自主創(chuàng)新Freezesb.outof排擠，排斥Thecompanytriedtofreezeoutitscompetitionbybuyingupallthegasstationinthearea.procurementpolicies：采購政策有些人猜測聽他們很快就會意識到這個問題。美國總統(tǒng)巴拉克?奧巴馬和中國國家主席胡錦濤在華盛頓舉行峰會，氣氛高度擔(dān)心。中國厭倦了被那些連自己經(jīng)濟都管理不好國家討伐。假如中國不允許人民幣升值，愿意聽從選民意見美國政客們將會游說保護性關(guān)稅。而且，那些過去大力支持與中國進行自由貿(mào)易和合作商業(yè)家們也開始唱反調(diào)。大型技術(shù)和工業(yè)企業(yè)也埋怨中國經(jīng)過調(diào)控政策和政府采購來追求“自主創(chuàng)新”，正在將他們擠出利潤市場。22/40Withanearto愿意聽Beallearsto全神貫注聽Giveearto認真聽Lendone’seartosb.Close/shut/stopone’searsto拒絕聽Turnadeafearto不愿意聽Inoneearandouttheother一個耳朵進一個耳朵出Uptotheearsin/upone’searsin忙于，深陷。Grin/smilefromeartoear咧嘴大笑23/40IntheU.S.andEurope,acertainhelplessnessinthefaceofhugeeconomicforcesisfuelingadisaffection—whichmakesitselffeltindifferentwaysindifferentsocieties—withtheglobalfinancialelitesandthepolicymakerswhoarethoughttohaveconnivedwiththem.TherewasaparticularlypoignantmomentwhenIreland,whichcherishesitsindependencelikeapreciousjewel,wasforcedtogocapinhandtotheE.U.forabailoutinNovember."Wasitforthis?"TheIrishTimesaskedinafamouseditorialonthehumiliation.Thequestion(thoughfewoutsideDublingotthereference)wasanechoofalinefromW.B.Yeats'greatpoem"September1913,"whichexcoriatedabourgeoiscapitalismwhosemerchants"fumbleinagreasytill/Andaddthehalfpencetothepence/Andprayertoshiveringprayer,until/Youhavedriedthemarrowfromthebone."Fuel:刺激;使變得更糟;使加劇Central-bank

bond-buying

would

fuel

inflation.

歐洲央行購置債券會刺激通貨膨脹。

connive:串通;密謀connivewithapersonincrime與人共謀犯罪conniveatanescapefromprison有意放縱逃獄Poignant：尖銳；

辛酸；

深刻；poignantmemoriesofanunhappychildhood對不幸童年辛酸回想Gocapinhandto:畢恭畢敬bailout:緊急(財政)援助；緊急融資

HeisnotgoingtoSirWilliam,capinhand,toaskforwork.他不打算卑躬屈節(jié)地到威廉爵士那兒去乞求工作了Echo:共鳴Hiswordsarousednoechointheirhearts.他話未能在他們心中引發(fā)共鳴。Excoriate：批判;痛斥;嚴厲指責(zé)

[?k?sk?ri?et,

Aneditorialthatexcoriatedtheadministrationforitsinaction.一篇強烈訓(xùn)斥政府無所事事社論

24/40IntheU.S.andEurope,acertainhelplessnessinthefaceofhugeeconomicforcesisfuelingadisaffection—whichmakesitselffeltindifferentwaysindifferentsocieties—withtheglobalfinancialelitesandthepolicymakerswhoarethoughttohaveconnivedwiththem.TherewasaparticularlypoignantmomentwhenIreland,whichcherishesitsindependencelikeapreciousjewel,wasforcedtogocapinhandtotheE.U.forabailoutinNovember."Wasitforthis?"TheIrishTimesaskedinafamouseditorialonthehumiliation.Thequestion(thoughfewoutsideDublingotthereference)wasanechoofalinefromW.B.Yeats'greatpoem"September1913,"whichexcoriatedabourgeoiscapitalismwhosemerchants"fumbleinagreasytill/Andaddthehalfpencetothepence/Andprayertoshiveringprayer,until/Youhavedriedthemarrowfromthebone."在美國和歐洲，面對巨大經(jīng)濟壓力卻無能為力現(xiàn)象正激起著人們對全球金融精英以及決議者不滿，認為金融精英與決議者們串通一氣，這種不滿在不一樣社會表現(xiàn)形式不一樣。視獨立如珍寶愛爾蘭，11月，為了得到救助，不得不求援于歐盟，這令人感到非常心酸?！斑@就是愛爾蘭想要嗎？”愛爾蘭時報在關(guān)于屈辱著名社論中問道。這個問題（盡管只有愛爾蘭人才能真正明白其中含義）與威廉?巴特勒?葉芝著名詩作“199月”中一行詩產(chǎn)生共鳴，它痛斥資產(chǎn)階級資本主義，因為他們商人“在滿是油污錢柜里探索/一點一點地積攢/不停地禱告直到榨干工人們最終一滴血?！?5/40Yeats199月

威廉?勃特勒?葉芝（WilliamButlerYeats，1865-1939）愛爾蘭詩人、劇作家。生于都柏林一個畫師家庭，自小喜愛詩畫藝術(shù)，并對鄉(xiāng)間秘教法術(shù)頗感興趣。1884年就讀于都柏林藝術(shù)學(xué)校，很快違反父愿，拋棄畫布和油彩，專意于詩歌創(chuàng)作。1888年在倫敦認識了蕭伯納、王爾德等人。1889年，葉芝與女演員毛特、戈尼是愛爾蘭民族自治運動骨干，對葉芝一生思想和創(chuàng)作影響很大。1896年，葉芝又認識了貴族出身劇作家格雷戈里夫人，葉芝一生創(chuàng)作都得力于她支持。她柯爾莊園被葉芝看作高尚藝術(shù)樂園。他這一時期創(chuàng)作雖未擺脫19世紀后期浪漫主義和唯美主義影響，但質(zhì)樸而富于生氣，著名詩作有《茵斯弗利島》（1892）、《當(dāng)你老了》（1896）等。1899年，葉芝與格雷戈里夫人、約翰?辛格等開始創(chuàng)辦愛爾蘭國家劇場活動，并于19正式成立阿貝影院。這期間，他創(chuàng)作了一些反應(yīng)愛爾蘭歷史和農(nóng)民生活戲劇，主要詩劇有《胡里痕凱瑟琳》（1902）、《黛爾麗德》（1907）等，另有詩集《蘆葦中風(fēng)》（1899）、《在七座森林中》（1903）、《綠盔》（1910）、《責(zé)任》（1914）等，并陸續(xù)出版了多卷本詩文全集。葉芝及其友人創(chuàng)作活動，史稱“愛爾蘭文世復(fù)興運動”。

26/4019，葉芝成婚，定居于格雷戈里莊園附近貝力利村。今后，因為局勢動蕩，事故迭起，葉芝在創(chuàng)傷上極富于活力，他詩已由早期虛幻蒙朧轉(zhuǎn)而為堅實、明朗。主要詩集有《柯爾莊園野天鵝》（1919）、《馬可伯羅茲與舞者》（1920）等，內(nèi)有著名詩篇《基督再臨》、《為吾女祈禱》、《19復(fù)活節(jié)》等。

19愛爾蘭獨立，葉芝出任參議員。1923年，“因為他那些一直充滿靈感詩,它們經(jīng)過高度藝術(shù)形式了整個民族精神”，葉芝取得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎。

1928年發(fā)表詩集《古堡》，這是他創(chuàng)作上進入成熟期峰顛之作，內(nèi)有著名詩篇《駛向拜占廷》、《麗達與天鵝》、《在學(xué)童之間》和《古堡》等。晚年，葉芝百病纏身，但在創(chuàng)作上依然熱情不減，極其活躍。主要詩集有《回梯》（1929）、《新詩集》（1938），另有散文劇《窗欞上世界》（1934）、詩劇《煉獄》（1938）等。1939年1月28日，葉芝病逝于法國羅格布隆。

27/40Howcanadisaffectionwithglobalcapitalisminthedevelopedworldbepreventedfromturningintoabacklashagainstit?Itwouldhelpifthereweremechanismsinplacetomanagethestressesintheinternationaleconomy.Instead,thereissomethingclosetoabreakdowninglobaleconomiccooperation.TheWEF'scloselyreadGlobalRisksreportidentifies"globalgovernancefailures"asanoverarchingriskfacingtheworld."Globalgovernancecapacitiesarehighlyfragmented,"thereportargues."Thereisagrowingsenseofparalysisinrespondingtoglobalchallenges."Disaffection(政治上)不滿，不忠，疏遠.people‘s

disaffection

withtheircountryanditsleaders.人們對自己國家和其領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層不滿backlash強烈反應(yīng)；強烈抵制；激烈反對.themale

backlash

againstfeminism.男性對女權(quán)運動強烈抵制Overarching包羅萬象；影響一切The

overarching

question

fragment：分裂分化Europehadbecomeinfinitelymoreunstableand

fragmented.歐洲已經(jīng)變得相當(dāng)不穩(wěn)定，也越來越分化。paralysis癱瘓Paralysisofthelowerlimbscondemnedhimtoawheelchair.

下肢癱瘓使他只好坐輪椅。

怎樣阻止人們對發(fā)達國家提倡全球資本主義不滿演變?yōu)閺娏业种疲考偃缬羞m當(dāng)機制來調(diào)控國際經(jīng)濟壓力可能會起作用。而恰恰相反是，全球經(jīng)濟合作靠近瓦解。全球經(jīng)濟論壇倍受關(guān)注全球風(fēng)險匯報指出當(dāng)今世界面臨首要風(fēng)險是“全球治理失敗”。匯報稱，“全球治理能力高度分散，人們應(yīng)對全球挑戰(zhàn)越來越無力。”28/40Intheeconomicfield,thatisespeciallytrue.TheDoharoundoftradetalks,forexample,isliketheemperor'snewclothesinHansChristianAndersen'sfamoustale:everyoneknowsthere'snothingthere,butnobodywillsayso.Thespiritofcamaraderieforgedintheearlydaysofthefinancialcrisis—allthehopefulmeetingsandoptimisticcommuniquésoftheG-20—hasbeenreplacedbyevery-country-for-itselfthinking.AsnationsscrambletoprotecttheirownpeoplefromthecontinuedfalloutoftheGreatRecession,thethreatofcurrencyandtradewarshasbecomeveryreal.GovernmentsfromTokyotoSantiagohavebeeninterveningincurrencymarkets,imposingmeasurestorestrictcapitalflowsandtakingotherstepstotrytopreventrisingcurrenciesfromdentingexportcompetitiveness."Thecurrencywarisaproxyforajobswar,"saysRoach.Inthemindofeverypolicymakerlooms—atleast,itshould—thedisastrousspiralintoprotectionismthatdeepenedtheDepressioninthe1930s.TheDoharoundoftradetalks：多哈回合貿(mào)易談判又稱多哈發(fā)展議程，是世界貿(mào)易組織于11月在卡塔爾首都多哈舉行世界貿(mào)易組織第四次部長級會議中開始新一輪多邊貿(mào)易談判。議程原定于年1月1日前全方面結(jié)束談判，但至年底為止仍未能達成協(xié)議，最終于207月22日世界貿(mào)易組織總理事會同意下正式中止。Forge:amoveto

forge

newlinksbetweenmanagementandworkers努力建立勞資新關(guān)系辦法G-20:groupoftwenty二十國集團Scramble:爭奪，搶Morethanthreemillionfansareexpectedto

scramble

fortickets...預(yù)計會有超出300萬球迷搶購門票。Fallout：

附帶后果；

余波Dent:減弱凹削減afterawhilethatsortofthing

dentsyourconfidence.那種事情過上一段時間就會挫傷信心。Proxy:代表代替Pricedifferencesareusedasaproxyfordifferencesinquality.一分錢一分貨。Loom:.縈繞在心揮之不去theterribleproblemofarmedcrimenow

loominglargeinoursociety...已日漸成為我們當(dāng)今社會一塊心病嚴重持械犯罪問題29/40Intheeconomicfield,thatisespeciallytrue.TheDoharoundoftradetalks,forexample,isliketheemperor'snewclothesinHansChristianAndersen'sfamoustale:everyoneknowsthere'snothingthere,butnobodywillsayso.Thespiritofcamaraderieforgedintheearlydaysofthefinancialcrisis—allthehopefulmeetingsandoptimisticcommuniquésoftheG-20—hasbeenre