英語人教版高中選擇性必修一（2019新編）Unit 1 People of Achievement第一講Reading and Thinking教案

ReadingandThinking目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航重點詞匯1．crucialadj.至關(guān)重要的；關(guān)鍵性的2．vitaladj.必不可少的；極其重要的；充滿生機的3．objectiven．目標(biāo)；目的adj.客觀的4．propertyn．性質(zhì)；特征；財產(chǎn)；房地產(chǎn)5．extractn．提取物；摘錄vt.提?。惶釤?；摘錄；(用力)拔出6．wormwoodn．蒿；洋艾7．boilvt.&vi.(使)沸騰；煮開；燒開n.沸騰；沸點8．liquidn．液體adj.液體的；液態(tài)的9．obtainvt.(尤指經(jīng)努力)獲得；贏得vi.(規(guī)章、習(xí)俗等)存在；流行10．defeatn．失??；挫敗vt.擊敗；戰(zhàn)勝11．substancen．物質(zhì)；物品；事實根據(jù)12．insistvi.&vt.堅持；堅決要求詞匯拓展13．physiologyn．生理學(xué)→physiologicaladj.生理學(xué)的→physiologicallyadv.生理學(xué)方面14．committedadj.盡心盡力的；堅定的→commitvt.承諾；保證vi.忠于；全心全意投入→commitmentn．承諾；致力15．a(chǎn)cademyn．研究院；學(xué)會；?？圃盒！鷄cademicadj.學(xué)業(yè)的；學(xué)術(shù)的16．botanicaladj.植物學(xué)的→botanyn．植物學(xué)→botanistn．植物學(xué)家17．evaluatevt.評價；評估→evaluationn．評價；評估18．distinctadj.清晰的；清楚的；有區(qū)別的→distinctionn．區(qū)別①20．a(chǎn)nalysevt.分析→analysisn．分析21．a(chǎn)pparentlyadv.顯而易見；看來；顯然→apparentadj.顯而易見的；顯然的22．scientificadj.科學(xué)(上)的；關(guān)于科學(xué)的→sciencen．科學(xué)→scientistn．科學(xué)家重點詞組1．millionsof成千上萬2．leadto導(dǎo)致3．diefrom/of死于4．commitoneselftodo承諾；保證5．inthebeginning起初6．a(chǎn)collectionof一批；一堆7．bychance偶然；意外地8．morethan超過，多于9．insiston堅決要求重點句型1．whose引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句Thisyear’sNobelPrizeforPhysiologyorMedicinehasbeenawardedtoTuYouyou(co-winner)，whoseresearchledtothediscoveryofartemisinin，acrucialnewtreatmentformalaria.今年的諾貝爾生理學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)獎授予了屠呦呦(共同獲獎?wù)?，她的研究促成了青蒿素的發(fā)現(xiàn)，一種治療瘧疾的關(guān)鍵新藥物。2．過去分詞短語作定語In1967，theChinesegovernmentformedateamofscientistswiththeobjectiveofdiscoveringanewtreatmentformalaria，andTuYouyouwasamongthefirstresearcherschosen.1967年，中國政府組建了一支以探索治療瘧疾新方法為目的的科學(xué)隊伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入選的研究人員。3．where引導(dǎo)定語從句Inthebeginning，TuYouyouwenttoHainan，wheremalariawasmorecommon，tostudymalariapatients.起初，屠呦呦去了瘧疾比較普遍的海南，研究瘧疾患者。4．現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語Sheanalysedthemedicaltextsagain，andbychance，shefoundonesentencesuggestingadifferentwaytotreatthewormwood.她又分析了一遍醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)，偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了一句話，建議用另一種方法對待艾草。5．Upon/Ondoingthat...一……就……Upon/OnhearingthatshehadbeenawardedtheNobelPrize，shesaid...屠呦呦一聽到自己獲得諾貝爾獎，她就說……知識精講知識精講原文呈現(xiàn)TUYOUYOUAWARDED①NOBELPRIZE6October2015Thisyear’sNobelPrizeforPhysiologyorMedicine②hasbeenawardedtoTuYouyou(co－winner)，whoseresearchledtothediscoveryofartemisinin③，acrucial④newtreatmentfor⑤malaria⑥【1】．Artemisininhassavedhundredsofthousandsoflives⑦，andhasledtoimprovedhealthformillionsofpeople.Over200millionpeoplearoundtheworld⑧getmalariaeachyear，andabout600，000diefromit.Artemisininhasbecomeavital⑨partofthetreatmentformalaria，andisthoughttosave100，000livesayearinAfricaalone【2】．【1】whoseresearch...artemisinin是whose引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞TuYouyou，whose在從句中作定語；acrucialnewtreatmentformalaria是同位語，用來解釋說明artemisinin?！?】此處是“主語＋bethought＋不定式”句型。TuYouyou，acommitted⑩andpatientscientist，wasborninNingbo，China，on30December1930，andgraduatedfromPekingUniversityMedicalSchool?in1955.Aftershegraduated，sheworkedattheChinaAcademy?ofTraditionalChineseMedicineinBeijing.In1967，theChinesegovernmentformedateamofscientistswiththeobjective?ofdiscoveringanewtreatmentformalaria，andTuYouyouwasamongthefirstresearcherschosen【3】．Inthebeginning，TuYouyouwenttoHainan，wheremalariawasmorecommon【4】，tostudymalariapatients.In1969，shebecamethehead?oftheprojectinBeijing，anddecidedtoreviewancientChinesemedicaltextstofindtraditionalbotanical?treatmentsforthedisease.Herteamexaminedover2，000oldmedicaltexts，andevaluated?280，000plantsfortheirmedicalproperties?.Fromtheirresearch，theydiscoveredandtested380distinct?ancientChinesemedicaltreatmentsthatshowedpromise?inthefightagainstmalaria.【3】這是由and連接的并列句。在第一個分句中，withtheobjectiveof...malaria作狀語，表示目的；第二個分句中，chosen是過去分詞作后置定語，修飾thefirstresearchers?！?】where在此引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞Hainan，where在從句中作地點狀語。Onemedicaltextfromthefourthcenturysuggestedusingtheextract?fromsweetwormwoodeq\o(○,\s\up7(21))totreatafever.Tu’steamtestedacollectionofeq\o(○,\s\up7(22))driedwormwoodleavesbutfoundnoeffect.Theythentriedboilingeq\o(○,\s\up7(23))freshwormwood，andusingtheliquideq\o(○,\s\up7(24))obtainedeq\o(○,\s\up7(25))fromthistotreatmalaria，butthisdidnotworkeither.Theirprojectgotstuck.However，TuYouyouwouldnotacknowledgeeq\o(○,\s\up7(26))defeateq\o(○,\s\up7(27)).Sheanalysedeq\o(○,\s\up7(28))themedicaltextsagain，andbychanceeq\o(○,\s\up7(29))，shefoundonesentencesuggestingadifferentwaytotreatthewormwood【5】．Sheconcludedeq\o(○,\s\up7(30))thatboilingthesweetwormwoodapparentlyeq\o(○,\s\up7(31))destroyeditsmedicalproperties.【5】此處是v.－ing短語作后置定語，修飾onesentence；totreatthewormwood是不定式短語作后置定語，修飾adifferentway。Usingalowertemperaturetodrawouteq\o(○,\s\up7(32))theextract【6】，shefoundasubstanceeq\o(○,\s\up7(33))thatworked.Afterfailingmorethan190times，theteamfinallysucceededin1971.TuYouyouandherteammemberseveninsistedeq\o(○,\s\up7(34))ontestingthemedicineoneq\o(○,\s\up7(35))themselvestomakesurethatitwassafe.Later，themedicinewastestedonmalariapatients，mostofwhomrecovered【7】．Thismedicine，whichwascalledartemisinin【8】，soonbecameastandardtreatmentformalaria.【6】此處是v.－ing短語作方式狀語。【7】此處是由“代詞＋介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞malariapatients?！?】which在此引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞Thismedicine，which在從句中作主語。此時，which不可以用that替代。AccordingtoTuYouyou，thediscoveryofartemisininwasateamefforteq\o(○,\s\up7(36)).UponhearingthatshehadbeenawardedtheNobelPrize【9】，shesaid，“Thehonourisnotjustmine.Thereisateambehindme，andallthepeopleofmycountry.ThissuccessprovesthegreatvalueoftraditionalChinesemedicineeq\o(○,\s\up7(37)).ItisindeedanhonourforChina’sscientificeq\o(○,\s\up7(38))researchandChinesemedicinetobespreadaroundtheworld【10】．”【9】Upon/On(doing)．..意為“一……就”?！?0】“It’sanhonour(forsb)todo...”意為“(某人)做……感到榮幸”，是演講中常用的句型。課文譯文屠呦呦獲諾貝爾獎2015年10月6日今年的諾貝爾生理學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)獎授予了屠呦呦(共同獲獎?wù)?，她通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了青蒿素，一種新的治療瘧疾的關(guān)鍵藥物。青蒿素拯救了數(shù)十萬人的生命，并改善了數(shù)百萬人的健康狀況。每年全世界超過兩億人感染瘧疾，大約有60萬人死于這種病。青蒿素已成為治療瘧疾至關(guān)重要的成分，被認(rèn)為僅在非洲每年就能拯救10萬人的生命。屠呦呦是一位盡心盡力、有耐心的科學(xué)家，1930年12月30日出生于中國寧波，1955年畢業(yè)于北京大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院。畢業(yè)后，她在北京的中國中醫(yī)科學(xué)院工作。1967年，中國政府組建了一支以探索治療瘧疾新方法為目的的科學(xué)家隊伍，屠呦呦是首批入選的研究人員之一。起初，屠呦呦前往海南研究瘧疾病人，在那兒瘧疾更常見。1969年，她成為北京項目的負(fù)責(zé)人，并決定查閱古代中醫(yī)文獻(xiàn)，尋找這種疾病的傳統(tǒng)植物學(xué)療法。她的團隊查閱了2000多份古醫(yī)藥文獻(xiàn)，評估了28萬株植物的藥性。他們在研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)并測試了380種不同的古代中醫(yī)療法，為對抗瘧疾帶來了希望。一本四世紀(jì)的醫(yī)藥文獻(xiàn)推薦使用青蒿提取物來治療發(fā)燒。屠呦呦的團隊試驗了一批干青蒿葉，但沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)任何效果。之后，他們嘗試煮沸新鮮的青蒿，使用從中獲得的液體治療瘧疾，但還是不起作用。他們的項目陷入了困境。然而，屠呦呦不甘失敗。她再次分析醫(yī)藥文獻(xiàn)，偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)一句話表明了一種處理青蒿的不同方法。她斷定煮沸青蒿顯然破壞了它的藥性。(通過)使用較低的溫度進(jìn)行提取，她發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種有效的物質(zhì)。失敗了190多次之后，這個團隊終于在1971年成功了。屠呦呦和她的團隊成員甚至堅持以身試藥，以確保藥物的安全性。后來，這種藥在瘧疾患者身上進(jìn)行了試驗，大多數(shù)患者都康復(fù)了。這種藥很快成為治療瘧疾的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)藥物，被稱為青蒿素。依屠呦呦所說，青蒿素的發(fā)現(xiàn)是團隊努力的成果。當(dāng)聽到自己被授予諾貝爾獎時，她說：“榮譽不只屬于我。我身后有一個團隊，還有祖國的所有人民。這一成功證明了中藥的巨大價值。中國的科學(xué)研究和中藥能夠在全世界傳播，確實是一種榮譽?！闭n文語法填空——復(fù)習(xí)本單元ReadingandThinking部分TuYouyouisawardedtheNobelPrizeforMedicinebecauseofherdiscoveryofartemisinin,1.isacrucialnewtreatmentformalaria.After2.(graduate)fromuniversity，TuYouyouworkedattheChinaAcademyofTraditionalChineseMedicine,3.shewascommittedtotheobjectiveofdiscoveringhowtotreatmalaria.Herteam4.(evaluate)280,000plantsandtested380distinctancientChinesemedicaltreatments,5.showedpromiseinthefightagainstmalaria.Inthebeginning，notonlydidherteamtestdriedwormwoodleavesbuttheyalsotried6.(boil)freshwormwood.Butneitherworked.Not7.(acknowledge)defeat，sheandherteaminsistedonanalyzingmedicaltextsagainandfinallydrewa8.(conclude)that9.(use)alowertemperaturecouldmakeartemisininextracted.Asfarassheisconcerned，itisagreathonourforChinesemedicineto10.(spread)aroundtheworld.【答案】1.which2.graduating/graduation3.where4.evaluated5.which6.boiling7.acknowledging8.conclusion9.using10.bespread知識點01Artemisininhasbecomeavitalpartofthetreatmentformalaria，andisthoughttosave100，000livesayearinAfricaalone.青蒿素已經(jīng)成為治療瘧疾的重要組成部分，而且人們認(rèn)為每年僅在非洲就可以挽救十萬條生命。vitaladj.必不可少的；至關(guān)重要的；充滿生機的bevitalto/for...對……是至關(guān)重要的Itisvitaltodo...做……很重要。(1)Iftheinjuriesaresecondorthirddegreeburns，itgetthevictimtothedoctororhospitalatonce.如果屬于二度或三度燒傷，立即把患者送去看醫(yī)生或送往醫(yī)院是至關(guān)重要的。(2)Considerationforotherpeopleallofus.對我們所有人而言體諒他人是極其重要的。(3)Itisvital(protect)wildanimalsinmodernsociety.在當(dāng)今社會，保護(hù)野生動物很重要。(4)Itisvitalthathe(attend)themeetingorganizedbytheacademy.他參加研究院組織的這次會議很重要?！敬鸢浮?.isvitalto2.isvitalto/fo3.toprotect4.(should)attend5知識點2TuYouyou，acommittedandpatientscientist，wasborninNingbo，China，on30December1930，andgraduatedfromPekingUniversityMedicalSchoolin1955.屠呦呦，一位堅定而耐心的科學(xué)家，1930年12月30日生于中國寧波，1955年畢業(yè)于北京大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院。committedadj.盡心盡力的；堅信的；堅定的，效忠的※becommittedto對……忠誠；致力于……commitvt.做出(錯事或非法的事)；犯(罪或錯等)；承諾；保證vi.忠于；全心全意投入commitacrime犯罪commitoneselfto＝devoteoneselfto專心致志于，獻(xiàn)身于※commitmentn．承諾；保證(1)Mostcrimesarebyyoungmeninthatarea.在那個地區(qū)多數(shù)罪行都是年輕人犯下的。(2)Theoldwomaniscommittedto(take)careofthepoorchildren.這位老人盡心盡力地照顧這個可憐的孩子。(3)Shedoesn’twanttomakeabigemotional(commit)toSteveatthemoment.她不想在此刻對史蒂夫在感情上做出重大的承諾。[高級表達(dá)](4)Asshewascommittedtotheproject，sheseldomplayedwithherchildren.→，sheseldomplayedwithherchildren.(用形容詞短語作狀語改寫)【答案】1.committed2.mitment4.Committedtotheproject知識點3In1967，theChinesegovernmentformedateamofscientistswiththeobjectiveofdiscoveringanewtreatmentformalaria，andTuYouyouwasamongthefirstresearcherschosen.1967年，中國政府組建了一支以探索治療瘧疾新方法為目的的科學(xué)隊伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入選的研究人員。objectiven．目標(biāo)；目的adj.客觀的※objectionn．不贊成；反對；異議haveanobjectionto...反對……※objectvi.不贊成，反對n．目標(biāo)；物體；客體；賓語objectto(doing)sth.反對(做)某事(1)Anotherwayofsettingrealisticgoalsistoanalyzeyourshortandlongterm，keepinginmindyourbeliefs，valuesandstrengths.另一種設(shè)定現(xiàn)實目標(biāo)的方法是分析你的短期和長期目標(biāo)，牢記你的信念、價值觀和優(yōu)勢。(2)Tohissurprise，therearesomanypeopletheplan.讓他吃驚的是，有那么多人反對這個計劃。(3)Theoldmanobjectsto(pay)somuchmoneyformilk.這位老人反對花那么多錢買牛奶。[一句多譯](4)就我而言，我是反對在辦公室里吸煙的。①AsfarasI’mconcerned，Ismokingintheoffice.(objection)②Inmyopinion，Ismokingintheoffice.(object)③Inmyview，Ismokingintheoffice.(against)【答案】1.objectives2.objectingto3.paying4.haveanobjectionto，objectto，amagainst知識點4Fromtheirresearch，theydiscoveredandtested380distinctancientChinesemedicaltreatmentsthatshowedpromiseinthefightagainstmalaria.在他們的研究中，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)并測試了380種不同的中國古代醫(yī)療方法，這些方法在抗擊瘧疾方面顯示出了希望。distinctadj.清晰的；清楚的；有區(qū)別的※bedistinctfrom...與……不同※distinctionn．差別；區(qū)分；卓著；不同凡響makeadistinctionbetween對……加以區(qū)分withoutdistinction無差別地；一視同仁地(1)Thewateryoudrinkatbirthleavesasignatureinyourteeth.人在出生時所喝的水會在牙齒里留下很明顯的印記。(2)Thenewlawmakesno(distinct)betweenadultsandchildren.這項新法規(guī)對成人和孩子同樣適用。[一句多譯](3)那兩個想法截然不同。①Thosetwoideaseachother.(different)②Thosetwoideaseachother.(distinct)【答案】1.distinct2.distinction3.arequitedifferentfrom，arequitedistinctfrom知識點5However，TuYouyouwouldnotacknowledgedefeat.然而，屠呦呦沒有承認(rèn)失敗。acknowledgevt.承認(rèn)；確認(rèn)；感謝；告知收到(信件等)acknowledgedoingsth.承認(rèn)做了某事acknowledgethat...承認(rèn)……acknowledgesth./sb.tobe/as...承認(rèn)某事/某人是……Itisuniversally/generallyacknowledgedthat...……是大家公認(rèn)的(1)Wegratefullythecontributionsofeveryonewhohelpedus.我們衷心感謝每一位幫助過我們的人所付出的努力。(2)Shethebesttennisplayerintheworld.她被公認(rèn)為是世界上最好的網(wǎng)球手。(3)thefilmDearestwasasuccess.人們公認(rèn)，電影《親愛的》非常成功。[句型轉(zhuǎn)換](4)Heneveracknowledgesthathehasmadeamistake.(改為簡單句)→Heneveracknowledges.【答案】1.acknowledge2.isacknowledgedtobe/as3.Itisacknowledgedthat4.makingamistakedefeatvt.打敗，戰(zhàn)勝；使受挫；使困惑n．失敗※defeatsb.擊敗某人※sufferaseriousdefeat遭受嚴(yán)重的挫敗(5)Itwasthelastquestiononthepaperthatmethatday.那天考卷上最后一道題把我難住了。(6)Thegirlwasletdownbutshewouldnotacknowledgeit.這次失敗讓這個女孩很是沮喪但她沒有承認(rèn)失敗。(7)Theplayer(defeat)inthegame，buthedidn’tloseheart.這個運動員在比賽中被打敗了，但是他沒有氣餒。[易混辨析]defeat，beat，win※defeat和beat后都接sb.作賓語。在游戲和比賽中常用beat，側(cè)重于比賽中擊敗對手；defeat既可以指比賽，又可以指戰(zhàn)場上戰(zhàn)勝對手?！鵺in后接比賽、辯論、戰(zhàn)斗、獎品等名詞，表示“榮獲，贏得”。[選詞填空]defeat，beat，win(8)Wetheirteambytenpoints.(9)TheyounggirlfromChinatheraceatlast.(10)Inthatbattle，oursoldierstheenemy.【答案】5.defeated6bythisdefeat7.wasdefeated8.beat/defeated9.won10.defeated知識點6Sheconcludedthatboilingthesweetwormwoodapparentlydestroyeditsmedicalproperties.她得出結(jié)論說，煮青蒿顯然破壞了它的藥用價值。apparentlyadv.顯而易見地；看來；顯然apparentadj.顯而易見的；顯然的；表面上的be/becomeapparentto對……來說很明顯Itisapparenttosb.that...對某人來說……是明顯的。(1)Ithoughthehadfoundanewjob，buthehasn’t.我原以為他找到了新工作，但顯然還沒有。(2)Thesolutiontotheproblemtoall.問題的解決方法是顯而易見的。(3)heknewnothingabouthowtorepaircars.很明顯，他對修車一竅不通?！敬鸢浮?.apparently2.was/becameapparent3.Itwasapparentthat知識點7Afterfailingmorethan190times，theteamfinallysucceededin1971.在失敗了190多次以后，這個團隊終于在1971年成功了。morethan超過，多于※morethan可放在數(shù)詞前，意為“超過，多于”；放在名詞前，表示“不只是，不僅”；放在形容詞或副詞前，意為“非常，很”。※more...than...比……更……，與其說……倒不如說……(1)Withinsixmonths，25,000peoplewereusingiteveryday.在六個月之內(nèi)，兩萬五千多人每天都在使用它。(2)Hetome.Heisalsomyteacher.他不僅是我的朋友，他還是我的老師。(3)HesaidthathewastohelpyouwithyourEnglish.他說他很樂意幫你學(xué)習(xí)英語。(4)Heisluckyclever.與其說他聰明，不如說他幸運?！敬鸢浮?.morethan2.ismorethanafriend3.morethanhappy4.more，than知識點8TuYouyouandherteammemberseveninsistedontestingthemedicineonthemselvestomakesurethatitwassafe.屠呦呦和她的團隊成員甚至堅持在自己身上測試藥物，以確保它是安全的。insiston/upon(doing)sth.堅決要求(做)某事在“insistthat...”結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)insist作“堅持主張，堅決要求”講時，其后的賓語從句用虛擬語氣，即從句謂語動詞用“should＋動詞原形”，should可以省略；當(dāng)insist作“堅持說，堅持認(rèn)為”講時，其后的賓語從句用陳述語氣。(1)Iwantedtowalktothestation，buthemethere.我想步行去車站，但是他堅持要開車送我去。(2)Althoughshedidn’tknowthebestwayofgettingtoplaces，shesheorganizethetripproperly.雖然她對去某些地方的最佳路線并不清楚，她卻堅持要自己把這次旅游安排得盡善盡美。(3)Theyoungmaninsistedthathe(steal)thatbike.這個年輕人堅持說他沒有偷那輛自行車。【答案】1.insistedondriving2.insistedthat3.hadn’tstolen知識點9Inthebeginning，TuYouyouwenttoHainan，wheremalariawasmorecommon，tostudymalariapatients.起初，屠呦呦去了瘧疾比較普遍的海南，研究瘧疾患者。這是一個復(fù)合句。where在句中引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞Hainan。※當(dāng)先行詞為system，case，point，position，situation，stage，condition，industry，activity，job，race，scene，circumstance等且關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點狀語時，常用where引導(dǎo)定語從句，表示抽象地點?！?dāng)先行詞stage，occasion等表示時間且關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作狀語時，用when引導(dǎo)。(1)SometimesIbringhomefoodfromtherestaurantIwork.有時我從我工作的餐館帶食物回家。(2)It’shelpfultoputchildreninasituationtheymanageeverythingallbythemselves.把孩子放在一個自己能完全處理所有事情的環(huán)境中是有好處的。(3)Studentsshouldtakepartinsomeactivitiestheycangainexperience.學(xué)生們應(yīng)該參加一些他們能獲得經(jīng)驗的活動。(4)Thestageheispreparingforhisstudyisreallyimportant.他為學(xué)習(xí)做準(zhǔn)備的那段時間確實非常重要?！敬鸢浮?.whereIwork.2.where3.where4.when知識點10In1967，theChinesegovernmentformedateamofscientistswiththeobjectiveofdiscoveringanewtreatmentformalaria，andTuYouyouwasamongthefirstresearcherschosen.1967年，中國政府組建了一支以探索治療瘧疾新方法為目的的科學(xué)隊伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入選的研究人員?！鵦hosen為過去分詞作定語，相當(dāng)于定語從句whichischosen?！袝r為了強調(diào)還可將單一的分詞置于被修飾名詞之后。(1)Theyaretalkingaboutthefilmin2018.他們正在談?wù)撨@部2018年上映的電影。(2)Theparkhasattractedagreatmanyvisitors.這個2017年建造的公園已經(jīng)吸引了很多游客。(3)Heistalkingwithaman(call)MrWang.他正和一位叫王先生的男士講話。[一句多譯](4)穿白色衣服的那個學(xué)生是我女兒。①Thestudentismydaughter.②Thestudentismydaughter.【答案】1.puton2.builtin20173.called4.dressedinwhite，whoisdressedinwhite分層提分分層提分題組A基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)練Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1．ItoccurredtomethatIcouldaskmycousintohelpme(獲得)avisa.2．She(承認(rèn))havingbeencheatedinthemarket.3．Itisdifficultto(評估)thedamagetothisvillage.4．Hesitsdownand(分析)whyshefeelssoupset.5．Hepaused，(顯然地)lostinthoughtstaringatthebook.6．ShethatIgotothelibrarywithher.7．Althoughhiswifeisyoung，shehasmadewonderfuldiscoveries.8．Readingisofimportanceinlanguagelearning.【答案】1.obtain2.acknowledged3.evaluate4.analyses5.apparently6.insists7.scientific8.vitalⅡ.選詞填空eq\x(diefrom，becommittedto，careabout，insiston，millionsof，bychance)9．HenobodybuthimselfinthetriptoQingdao.10．Agroupofthievesrobbedthebankofdollars.11．ManypeoplecholerainEuropeinthelastcentury.12．Onemaymakeamistakebutonecan’tmakemistakesallhislife.13．Ithinkitisunwisethatthecompanythehighprice.14．Shethecareofthepatients.【答案】9.careslionsof11.diedfrom12.bychance13.insistson14.iscommittedtoⅢ.單句語法填空15．Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledtothethief(catch)．16．Hewas(apparent)muchsurprisedatthenews.17．Ourleaderinsistedthatwe(carry)itout.18．Someofthepeople(invite)tothepartycouldn’tcome.19．Helearnedthe(distinct)betweengoldandlead.20．Thismaterialisveryrareandisalsohard(obtain)．21．Theoldmanismoreourteacher；he’salsoourfriend.22．(science)researchshowsthatwomentendtosurvivetheirhusbandsby5－10years.【答案】15.beingcaught16.apparently17.(should)carry18.invited19.distinctions20.toobtain21.than22.ScientificⅣ.單句寫作23．此外，焦慮和擔(dān)心會導(dǎo)致疾病。(leadto).24．在公園散步時，她偶然遇到了湯姆。(bychance).25．那些貨物正被送到地震發(fā)生過的地方。(where引導(dǎo)定語從句).26．他住在一個窗戶面朝北的房間里。(whose引導(dǎo)定語從句).27．在會議上討論過的那個問題很重要。(過去分詞作定語).【答案】23.Inaddition，anxietyandworrycanleadtosickness24.When(shewas)walkinginthepark，shemetTombychance25.Thegoodsarebeingsenttotheplacewhereanearthquakehappened.26.Helivesinaroomwhosewindowfacesnorth27.Thequestiondiscussedatthemeetingwasveryimportant題組B能力提升練Oneafternoon，afterfinishingshoppinginasupermarket，myfamilyandIwenttothecheck-out.Isuddenlythoughtwedidn’tneedanyofthejunk，andweabandonedallofthose，saving$300.Thatgotmethinkingaboutallourpointlessexpensesinlife.Withapromisethatwe’dstopifitwaskillingus，Iconvincedthefamilytotaketheleapintofrugality.Theruleswerethatwewouldbuynothingfor30daysexceptabsolutelyessentials.Ouradventurebeganwithagreatstart.By9a．m.，mywife，Ruth，hadalreadymadecakesfromoldstrawberriesandpickedflowersIdidn’tevenknowwehadinthegarden.Iclearedthecarbyhandforthefirsttimeforyears.Ireadandreturnedtheneighbor’snewspaperbeforehewokeup.Totalspendingonthefirstday：$0.Asdaysturnedintoweeks，webecamesoproficient(熟練的)atlivingfrugally.Westartedridingourbikestosavegas.Mychild’sfingerpaintingwasrecycledasgiftwrapforthehome-madepresents.WestartedtouseanInternetapplicationlikeSkypeforfreephonecallsandaskneighborswithgardensforextravegetablesandherbs.Intheend，wesavedmorethan$2,000bynotspendingforamonth.Whenwebegan，Iimaginedwewouldrushoutthemomentweweredoneandbuyalotofthingsinthesupermarket.Thenmaybehitthemallorgotothemovies.語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者一家發(fā)現(xiàn)一些無意義的花銷后，嘗試一個月除了絕對的必需品外不買東西，然后省下了兩千多美元的故事。1．Whatcanweinferfromthepassagebeforethatveryafternoon?A．Thefamilyhadoftenspentmoneyrandomly.B．Thefamilyhadhadhigherincomeandlivingstandard.C．Thefamilyhadadoptedanadvisablehabitofsavingmoney.D．Thefamilyhadn’texpectedtheywouldhavefinancialproblems.A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可推知，在那天下午之前，這個家庭經(jīng)常亂花錢。故選A。2．Howmanythingswerementionedaboutwhatthefamilydidtosaveonthefirstdayofthe“30days”？A．Two. B．Three.C．Four. D．Five.B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二、三、四句可知，早上9點，作者的妻子露絲已經(jīng)用草莓做了蛋糕，還摘了一些花，作者甚至都不知道花園里有。多年來作者第一次手動清理汽車。在鄰居醒來之前，作者看完并把報紙還給了他。由此可知，第一天提到了家庭為節(jié)省開支所做的三件事情。故選B。3．Theendofthestorysuggeststhatthefamily.A．stoppedhalfwaybecauseofunexpectedthingsB．couldbarelyputupwiththelifeoffrugalityC．wouldreturntonormalafterthe“30days”D．succeededinsavingandchangedtheirspendinghabitD【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句可知，作者他們節(jié)省了不少錢，根據(jù)最后一段最后兩句“當(dāng)我們開始的時候，我想象著當(dāng)我們完成任務(wù)的時候，我們會沖出去，在超市里買很多東西，然后可能去購物中心或者去看電影”可知，作者只是一開始的時候這樣想象的，由此可推知，故事的結(jié)尾表明，這個家庭成功地節(jié)省了開支并改變了他們的消費習(xí)慣。故選D。4．Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?A．Anewideacominguptosavegas.B．Afamily’smanagingtheirdailylife.C．Afamily’sattemptnottobuyanything.D．Afamily’swayofsolvinglifeproblems.C【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，尤其是第二段第二、三句可知，文章主要講述了作者一家發(fā)現(xiàn)一些無意義的花銷后，嘗試一個月除了絕對的必需品外不買東西，然后省下兩千多美元的故事。故選C。題組C培優(yōu)拔尖練CClassifyingthingsiscriticalforourdailylives.Forexample，wehavetodetectspammails(垃圾郵件)，falsepoliticalnews.WhenweuseAI，suchtasksarebasedon“classificationtechnology”inmachinelearning—havingthecomputerlearn，usingtheboundaryseparatingpositiveandnegativedata.Forexample，“positive”datawouldbephotosincludingahappyface，and“negative”dataphotosthatincludeasadface.Onceaclassificationboundaryislearned，thecomputercandeterminewhetheracertaindataispositiveornegative.However，thedifficultywiththistechnologyisthatitrequiresbothpositiveandnegativedataforthelearningprocess，andnegativedataarenotavailableinmanycases.Forinstance，whenaretailer(零售商)istryingtopredictwhowillmakeapurchase，theycaneasilyfinddataoncustomerswhohavepurchasedfromthem(positivedata)，butitisbasicallyimpossibletoobtaindataoncustomerswhohaveneverpurchasedfromthem(negativedata)，sincetheydonothaveaccesstotheircompetitors’data.AccordingtoleadauthorTakashiIshidafromRIKENAIP，“Previous