獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的用法

獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的用法獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)是一個名詞或代詞（作為邏輯主語），加上一個形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、分詞、不定式、名詞等構(gòu)成，在句中常作狀語。一、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的特點1、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子主語不同，它獨立存在。2、名詞或代詞與后面的形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、分詞、不定式等存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。3、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般是用逗號與主句分開，但與主句之間不能使用任何連接詞。二、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成1、名詞或代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞Thechildrenplayingintheroom,Icouldn’tgetdownstudying.孩子們在屋里玩，我沒法學習。Motherbeingill,Ihadtostayathomelookingafterher.母親病了，我只好待在家里照顧她。Therebeingnobus,wehadtowalkhome.由于沒有公共汽車，我們只好走回家。2、名詞或代詞+過去分詞Fiveyearslater,hereturnedhome,hischaractergreatlychanged.五年后他返回家鄉(xiāng)，性格大變了。Theywalkedalongholdinghands,theirfingersinterlocked.他們手指交錯，攜手而行。Thejobfinished,wewenthome.工作結(jié)束后我們就回家了。Everythingconsidered,hisplanseemsbetter.從各方面考慮，他的計劃似乎好一些。Thatdone,heputonhissweaterandwentout.做完這事他穿上毛衣出去了。Thequestionsettled,theywentbacktotheirrespectiveposts.問題解決了，他們就各自回到了他們的工作崗位。Thisdone,wewenthome.做完這事，我們就回家了。3、名詞或代詞+不定式在“名詞/代詞+動詞不定式”這類獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，動詞不定式和它前面的名詞或代詞如果存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，動詞不定式則用主動的形式；如果是動賓關(guān)系，則用被動形式，如：Wedividedthework,hetodeanthewindowandItosweepthefloor.我們分了工，他擦窗戶，我掃地。Heisleavingfortheconferencenextweek,allexpensestobepaidbyhiscompany.下個星期他會去參加會議，所有費用歸公司出。Manytrees,flowers,andgrasstobeplanted,ournewly-builtschoolwilllookevenmorebeautiful.學校種上了許多樹、花和草，我們新建的學?？雌饋碓絹碓狡亮?。4、名詞或代詞+形容詞Heenteredtheroom,hisfacepale.他走進屋來臉色蒼白。Computersverysmall,wecanusethemwidely.電腦雖小，我們卻能廣泛地利用它們。Hesatinthefrontrow,hismouthhalfopen.他坐在前排，嘴半開著。TheTrojansasleep,theGreeksoldierscreptoutofthehollowwoodenhorse.特洛伊睡著了，于是希臘士兵從中空的木馬里悄悄爬了出來。5、名詞或代詞+副詞在“名詞或代詞+副詞”這類獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，其中的副詞主要是over,on,off,up,down等這類小品詞，一般不用-ly這類方式副詞。如：Themeetingover,ourheadmastersoonleftthemeetingroom.散會了，校長很快就離開了會議室。Thelightsoff,wecouldnotgoonwiththework.燈熄了，我們不能繼續(xù)工作了。6、名詞或代詞+名詞Hisfirstshotfailure,hefiredagain.他第一槍沒擊中，又打了一槍。Twohundredpeoplediedintheaccident,manyofthemchildren.兩百人死于事故，其中有許多小孩。Hisbooknowabestseller,hefeltpleasedwiththeworld.他的書成了暢銷書，他對一切都滿意了。7、名詞或代詞+介詞短語Hewaswaiting,hiseyesonherback.他在等著，眼鏡望著她的背影。Thesoldiersdashedin,rifleinhand.士兵們端著槍沖了進來。Theoldwomansatdown,tracesoftearsstillonhercheeks.老太太坐了下來，面頰上還帶著淚痕。Wewalkedout,onebehindtheother.我們一個接一個地走了出來。Agirlcamein,bookinhand.一個少女進來了，手里拿著書。三、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的用法它表示謂語動詞的發(fā)生時間、原因、條件或伴隨情況等，相當于一個狀語從句或并列句。1、作時間狀語Theworkdone(=Aftertheworkhadbeendone),wewenthome.Thisdone,wewenthome.Thequestionsettled,wewenthome.Myshoesremoved,Ienteredalow-ceilingedroom,treadingcautiouslyonthesofttatamimatting.2、作條件狀語Weatherpermitting(=Ifweatherpermits),theywillgoonanoutingtothebeachtomorrow.Weatherpermitting,we’llhavethematchtomorrow.Otherthingsbeingequal,Iwouldbuytheblackdressnotthewhiteone.A.anotherB.otherC.theotherD.theothers11.Weather___,we’llgototheGreatWall.A.permitsB.permittedC.permittingD.permit12.“Mama!”hecriedsuddenly,tears___downhischeeks.A.rollB.rollingC.rollsD.rolled13.Nobody___intheroom,Ididn’tgoin.A.isB.wasC.beingD.were14.Hertea___,shewentonwithherwork.A.finishedB.wasfinishedC.finishingD.hadbeenfinished15.Allthetickets___,wewentawaydisappointed.A.havebeensoldoutB.havingbeensoldoutC.havesoldoutD.weresoldout16.Themeeting___over,hewenthome.A.isB.wasC.beingD.hasbeen17.Alltheguests___,themeetingwasdeclaredopen.A.havearrivedB.arrivedC.havingarrivedD.beingarrived18.___,hecan’tgooutforawalkasusual.A.WithsomuchworktodoB.WithsomuchworkdoingC.WithsomuchworkdoneD.Withoutsomuchworktodo19.It’squitestrangethatthemansleepswithhismouth___andhiseyes___.A.closed;openB.closed;openedC.closing;openD.closing;opening20.Allthings___,theplantripwillhavetobecalledoff.A.beconsideredB.consideredC.consideringD.havingconsidering21.___,wehavetogetdowntobusinessrightaway.A.AstherewasnotimeleftB.ThereisnotimeleftC.TherebeingnotimeleftD.Theretobenotimeleft22.____yesterday,wewentoutforawalk.A.AsafinedayB.ItwasafinedayC.ItbeingafinedayD.Foritwasafineday23.Theoldmanstoodthere,___.A.withbackagainstthewallB.withhisbackagainstthewallC.withbackagainstwallD.hisbackagainstwall24.___,I’llgotherewithyoutomorrowafternoon.A.TimepermitsB.IftimepermittingC.TimepermittingD.Time’spermitting25.___,weallwenthomehappily.A.GoodbyewassaidB.GoodbyehadbeensaidC.GoodbyesaidD.Whengoodbyesaid26.___,weallwentswimminginhighspirits.A.ItbeingfineweatherB.ItfineweatherC.ItwasfineweatherD.Itbeingafineweather27.___,thebusstartedatonce.A.ThesignalwasgivenB.ThesignalgivingC.ThesignalgivenD.Whenthesignalgiven28.Shestoodthere,___fromhercheeks.A.tear’srollingdownB.tearsrolleddownC.withtearsrolleddownD.tearsrollingdown29.___,theleavesareturninggreen.A.WhenspringcomingonB.SpringcomingonC.SpringcameonD.Springbeingcomeon30.___,Ihadtobuyanewone.A.MydictionarylosingB.MydictionaryhavingbeenlostC.MydictionaryhadbeenlostD.Becausemydictionarylose31.Iusedtosleepwiththewindow___.A.openedB.openC.openingD.toopen32.___,thehunterwentintotheforest.A.AgunonshoulderB.AgunwasonhisshoulderC.GunonshoulderD.Agunbeingonshoulder33.___productionupby60％,thecompanyhashadanotherexcellentyear.A.AsB.ForC.WithD.Through34.Withalotofwork___,Ihavetosituptonight.A.doB.doingC.doneD.todo35.Hestoodtheresilently,hislips___.A.tremblingB.trembledC.weretremblingD.wastrembling36.___,hersuggestionisofgreatervaluethanyours.A.Allthingsconsidering