2021-2022學(xué)年廣東省深圳第七高級(jí)中學(xué)高三（上）第一次月考英語(yǔ)試卷（附答案詳解）

2021-2022學(xué)年廣東省深圳第七高級(jí)中學(xué)高三（上）第一

次月考英語(yǔ)試卷

一、閱讀理解（本大題共15小題，共37.5分）

A

UniversityRoomRegulationsApprovedandProhibitedItems

Thefollowingitemsareapprovedforuseinresidential（住宿的）rooms：electricblankets,hair

dryers,personalcomputers,radios,televisionsandDVDplayers.Itemsthatarenotallowedin

studentroomsinclude：candles,ceilingfans,fireworks,waterbeds,sunlampsandwireless

routers.PleasenotethatanyprohibiteditemswillbetakenawaybytheOfficeofResidence

Life.

AccesstoResidentialRooms

Studentsareprovidedwithacombinationfortheirroomdoorlocksuponcheck-in.Donotshare

yourroomdoorlockcombinationwithanyone.TheOfficeofResidenceLifemaychangethe

doorlockcombinationatanytimeattheexpenseoftheresidentifitisfoundthatthestudent

hassharedthecombinationwithothers.Thefeeis$25tochangearoomcombination.

CookingPolicy

Studentslivinginbuildingsthathavekitchensareonlypermittedtocookinthe

kitchen.Studentsmustcleanupaftercooking.Thisisnottheresponsibilityofhousekeeping

staff.Kitchensthatarenotkeptcleanmaybeclosedforuse.Withtheexceptionofusingasmall

microwaveoventoheatfood,studentsarenotpermittedtocookintheirrooms.

PetPolicy

Nopetsexceptfisharepermittedinstudentrooms.Studentswhoarefoundwithpets,whether

visitingorownedbythestudent,aresubjecttoaninitialfineof$100andacontinuingfineof$

50adayperpet.Studentsreceivewrittennoticewhenthefinegoesintoeffect.If,oneweekfrom

thedateofwrittennotice,thepetisnotremoved,thestudentisreferredtotheStudentCourt.

QuietHours

Residentialbuildingsmustmaintainanatmospherethatsupportstheacademicmissionofthe

University.Minimumquiethoursinallcampusresidencesare11：00pmto8：00amSunday

throughThursday.QuiethoursonFridayandSaturdaynightsare1：00amto8：00am.Students

whoviolatequiethoursaresubjecttoafineof$25.

1.Whichofthefollowingitemsareallowedinstudentrooms?

A.Ceilingfansandwaterbeds.B.Wirelessroutersandradios.

C.Hairdryersandcandles.D.TVsandelectricblankets.

2.Whatdoweknowaboutthecookingpolicy?

A.Amicrowaveovencanbeused.

B.Cookinginstudentroomsispermitted.

C.Ahousekeeperistocleanupthekitchen.

D.Studentsaretoclosekitchendoorsaftercooking.

3.Ifastudenthaskeptacatinhisroomforaweeksincethewarning,hewillface.

A.parentvisitsB.afineof$100

C.theStudentCourtD.awrittennotice

B

OnenightinMarch,fiveyearsago,duringhappyhouratabarinmyhometown,!madea

suipriseannouncementtomyfriends：Iwasgoingtoshutdownmylawpracticeandattemptto

travelaroundtheglobeinayear.What'smore,!woulddoitwithouttakinganyflightsor

makingasingleadvancereservationofanykind.Myannouncementdrewmixedreactionsfrom

myfriends.Someofferedsupportandencouragement,whileothersweremoredoubtful.

OnceI'dsaidthewords,therewasnoturningback.Ittookmonthstoshutdownmylawpractice

andgetthingsinorder.OnceIsetoffonmyadventureinOctober2016,Ifoundthattravelling

withoutusingplaneswasnoteasy.Tryingtocircletheglobein16months(ittookmeabit

longerthantheinitial12monthsIplanned)madeiteventougher.Evenso,travellingoverland

wasthemostawe-inspiringwaytotrulyunderstandtheimmensityofourwonderfulplanet.

Itookthreeconsecutiveovernightbusestotravel3,000kmthroughArgentina,from

Ushuaia,theworld*ssouthernmostcity,tothecapitalBuenosAires.Iwouldlookoutthe

windowsforhoursonendatthecompletelyunspoiledplains,asifhumanshadnevertouchedit.

IttooksevenconsecutivedaysandnightsontrainstogetfromMoscowtoBeijing,eachday

spentgazingoutthewindowsforhoursastheWestSiberianPlainsweptby.Sometimes,I

wouldn'lseeavillageorahumanbeingfor10hours.Laterinmyjourney,ittook22daysona

cargofreightertogetfromNewZealandthroughthePanamaCanalandbacktoPhiladelphia,to

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finishmyround-the-worldadventure.

ItturnedoutthattravellingwithnoreservationswasfarlessdifficultthanIhad

imagined.Pullingintoacityonabuswithabackpack,lookinginaguidebookforafew

suggestionsofaccommodations,andthenfindinganemptyroomwasnevermuchofaproblem

anywhere.ltalsokeptmeflexibleandopenaboutallmytravelplans,whichisadviceIgive

everyonewhoasks-planfarlessthanyouthinkyoushould.

4.Theauthor'stripwasspecialinthat.

A.hemadeitattheexpenseofgivinguphisjob

B.ithardlycosthimanything

C.hedidnotmakeadvancebookingortravelbyair

D.itwasaglobaltrip

5.TheauthormostprobablyreturnedtotheUnitedStatesin.

A.June2017B.December2018C.October2017D.February2018

6.Whafsthecorrectorderoftheplacesthattheauthortravelledto?

①M(fèi)oscow

?Philadelphia

③NewZealand

④Ushuaia

⑤Beijing

⑥Buenos

A.⑤④①⑥③②B.④⑥①⑤③②C.④⑤①⑥③②D.⑤①⑥④③②

7.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofhisaround-the-worldtour?

A.challengingbutpleasingB.dangerousbutwonderful

C.boringanddisappointingD.costlyandpainful

c

Transportationshapestheworld：alongwithcommunications,itformsaglobalnetthat

connectspersontoperson,citytocity,andcountrytocountry.Transportationroutesaswellas

vehiclesarevitaltothefunctioningandspreadofeverycivilization.

Acountry'seconomydependsonreliabletransportation.Citiesspreadoutalong

roads,rivers,andrails,sodoesinformation.Untilthe20thcentury,theserouteswereconfinedto

landorwater.Withtheinventionofpoweredflight,theairbecameanopenroadaswell.The

earliestwayoftravelingwasundoubtedlybyfoot,andhumans'earliestmeansoftransporting

goodswascaiTyingloadsontheirbackorhead.By4000B.C.,peoplewereusingdomesticated

animalsfortransportsmethodgreatlyimprovedinsomepartsoftheworldbytheinventionof

thewheel,probablyfirstdevelopedaround3500B.C..

Untilthe19thcentury,animalsweretheenginesoflandtransportation.Butwiththeinventionof

thesteamengineandtheinternalcombustionengine,railroadsandautomobilesrevolutionized

travelandtrade.Morethan600millioncarsandtruckstraveltheworldtoday.

Waterhasalwaysbeenafastandefficientmodeoftravel,andeventodayitremainsaprimary

moverofheavygoods.Theimportanceofwaterwaystohumancivilizationcanbeseenonany

map：almostalloftheworld'smajorcitiesarelocatedoncoastlinesorrivers.Asearlyas7000

B.C.,peoplewerebuildingcanoes；long-distanceshipswerecommonby3000B.C.Untilthe

1950s,shipswerethechiefmeansofoverseaspassengertravel.

AlthoughtheMontgolfierbrotherstookflightinballoonsinthe18thcentury,airtravelwasnot

practicaluntiltheinventionofpoweredflightbytheWrightbrothersin1903.Withinten

years,thecommercialairtransportationbusinesshadbegun.

Sincethe20thcentury,high-speedrailhasbecomeanotherconvenientwayof

travel.Today,two-thirdsoftheworld'shigh-speedrailtrackisinChina,whichmeasuresnearly

30,000kms,andthisisexpectedtoreach38,000kmsby2025.

8.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Technologicaladvancementsintransportovertime.

B.Theinfluenceofeconomicactivitiesontransportation.

C.Therelationshipbetweentransportationandinformationflows.

D.Reasonswhylandandseatransportationrouteswereimportant.

9.Whydoesthewritermentionthelocationoftheworld'smajorcities?

A.Toencouragemorepeopletomovetobigcities.

B.Toexplainwhyboatsandshipscontinuetobeirreplaceable.

C.Torecommendwaterasaconvenientandcheapformoftransportation.

D.Toemphasizethecontributionofwatertransporttohumandevelopment.

10.Whatcanwelearnaboutairtravel?

A.Balloonsusedtobeonepopularwayofairtravel.

B.TheMontgolfierbrothersinventedpoweredflight.

C.Theinventionofairplaneshelpedpopularizeairtravel.

D.Airtravelbecamewidespreadsoonaftertheballoonwasinvented.

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11.Whatisthetotallengthofhigh-speedrailtrackintheworldtoday?

A.About57,000kms.B.About45,000kms.

C.About38,000kms.D.About30,000kms.

D

Decliningmentalfunctioniswidelyregardedasaproblemofoldage,butcertainaspectsof

brainfunctionactuallybegintheirdeclineinyoungadulthood,anewstudysuggests.

Thestudy,whichfollowedmorethan2,000healthyadultsbetweentheagesof18and60,

foundthatcertainmentalfunctions—includingmeasuresofabstractreasoning,mentalspeed

andpuzzle-solving—startedtodullasearlyasage27.Thedjpinmemory,meanwhile,generally

becameapparentaroundage37.

Ontheotherhand,indicatorsofaperson'saccumulatedknowledge—likeperformanceontests

ofvocabulary—keptimprovingwithage,accordingtothefindings.

Theresultsdonotmeanthatyoungadultsneedtostartworryingabouttheirmemories.Most

people'smindsfunctionatahighlevelevenintheirlateryears,accordingtoresearcherTimothy

Salthouse.

"Thesepatternssuggestthatsometypesofmentalflexibilitydecreaserelativelyearlyin

adulthood,butthattheknowledgeonehas,andtheeffectivenessofintegrating（整合）itwith

one*sabilities,mayincreasethroughoutallofadulthoodiftherearenodiseases,'1Salthousesaid.

Thestudyincludedhealthyeducatedadultswhotookstandardtestsofmemoryandreasoning

overaperiodofsevenyears.Ingeneral,Salthouseandhiscolleaguesfound,certainaspectsof

cognition（認(rèn)知能力）generallystartedtodeclineinthelate20sto30s.

Thefindingsthrewlightonnormalage-relatedchangesinmentalfunction,whichcouldaidin

understandingtheprocessofdementia（癡呆）."Byfollowingindividualsovertime,“Salthouse

said/'wegaininsightincognitionchanges,andmaypossiblydiscoverwaystoslowtherateof

decline.1'

Theresearchersarecurrentlyanalyzingthestudyparticipants*healthandlifestyletoseewhich

factorsmightinfluenceage-relatedcognitivechanges.

12.Whatisthecommonviewofmentalfunction?

A.Itvariesfrompersontoperson.

B.Itgraduallyexpandswithage.

C.Itweakensinone'slateryears.

D.Itindicatesone'shealthcondition.

13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"dip"inParagraph2probablymean?

A.Improvement.B.Decline.C.Difference.D.Breakthrough.

14.Foradultsintheir40s,whichofthefollowingmayimproveastheyage?

A.Theirdecision-makingabilities.

B.Theirabstractreasoningabilities.

C.Thesympathytheyshowpeoplearound.

D.Theamountofknowledgetheyhave.

15.AccordingtoSalthouse,theirstudymayhelpus.

A.findwaystoimproveourmemories

B.findwaystoslowdownourmentaldecline

C.understandthecomplexprocessofmentalfunctioning

D.understandtherelationbetweenphysicalandmentalhealth

二、閱讀七選五(本大題共5小題，共12.5分)

Movingintoanewhomeinanewneighborhoodisanexcitingexperience.Ofcourse,youwant

tomakesurethatyoubecomeanacceptedandvaluablepartofyournewneighborhood.The

easiestwaytoaccomplishthisistomakesureyouconductyourselfasagoodneighbor.(1)

Perhapsoneofthemostimportantthingsyoucandoasagoodneighboristokeepyour

property(房產(chǎn))neat,clean,andingoodrepair.(2)Bychoosingtokeeptheoutsideofthehome

ingreatshape,youwillhelptoimprovethelookandfeelofthearea.

Secondjaketheoverallappearanceoftheneighborhoodseriously.Whengoingforawalk,take

alongasmallgarbagebag.(3)Thissmallactwillletyourneighborsknowthatyoucareabout

thearea.

(4)Ifaneighborisgoingtobeoutoftown,offertocollectmailandnewspapers.Ifaneighbor

suffersanillness,offertodothegroceryshopping.Letthemknowthatyouaretheretohelpin

anywaythatisacceptable,whilestillrespectingtheprivacyofyourneighbor.

(5)Byfollowingthebasicrulesofrespectingothers,takingcareofwhatbelongstoyou,and

takingprideintheappearanceoftheneighborhoodingeneral,youwillquicklybecomeagood

neighborthateveryoneappreciates.

A.Ingeneral,keepaneyeontheirpropertywhiletheyaregone.

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B.Agoodneighborisalsoonewholikestohelpoutinsmallways.

C.Beingagoodneighborismoreorlessaboutconsideratebehavior.

0.Sometimesneighborsmaygotothesupermarkettogethertodoshopping.

E.Shouldyoucomeacrosswastepaperthrownoutofapassingcar,pickitup.

F.Peopletendtotakeprideinkeepingeverythingintheirstreetfreshandinviting.

G.Hereareafewtipstohelpyouwinovereveryoneintheneighborhoodquickly.

16.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

17.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

18.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

19.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

20.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

三、完形填空（本大題共15小題，共15.0分）

JarrettLittlewasroadtestinghismountainbikeoutsideofColumbus,Georgia,whenhisriding

partner,ChrisDixon,stoppedsuddenly.Something(21)inthedistanceamongthetreeshad

caughtherattention.It(22)outtobeasandy-coloredfive-month-oldpuppy.

“Hewasreallythin,hisribswereshowing,andhehadabrokenleg,1'LittletoldJohnParks,a

reporterfromCBSNews.Thecyclists(23)thefriendlypupandsharedtheirwater.Theyalso

quicklyrealizedthatthedogwascomingwiththem,althoughtheyhadnoideahow.Theywere

morethansevenmilesfromdowntownandridingbikes.MWecouldn,t(24)himj,Littlesaid.

"Outthere,nexttotheOxbowMeadows,hewasgoingto(25)asthefoodofalligatorslivingin

theriver.

Little,a31-year-oldbusinessman,hadanidea.Hecarefullypickeduphisnew(26)andslipped

the38-pounddog'shindlegsintothebackpocketsofhiscyclingcoat.Thenheputthedog's

frontpaws(27)hisshoulders.

"Hewas(28),sohewasn'ttryingtofight,*'Littlesays.nHewasalso(29)thatwewere

there,touchinghim,andhadn'tlefthimbehind.'*

Thegroup's30-minute(30)intotownendedatabikestore,wheretheygotmorewaterandfood

forthedog.ThatwaswhenAndreaShaw,anaccountantfromMaineintownon

business,happenedtocomeby."Thedograntoherstraight,lickingandrubbingagainsther,"

saysDixon.Shawwasalittlesurprised.⑶),learningwhathadhappened,shedeclaredher(32)；

"Iamkeepingthisdog.”

ShawcalledhimColumboafterthetownwherethey'd(33)andscheduledan(34)onhis

leg.TodayColumboislivingahappylifeonafarmwithahorse,apony,asix-year-oldboy,to

keephimcompany.AsDixontoldJohnParks,"Heisliterallythe(35)dogalive.n

21.A.jumpingB.movingC.yellingD.flying

22.A.cameB.ranC.turnedD.found

23.A.fedB.seizedC.pickedD.caught

24.A.leaveB.takeC.possessD.save

25.A.giveupB.eatupC.endupD.lookup

26.A.giftB.friendC.coatD.bike

27.A.aroundB.againstC.beyondD.over

28.A.abandonedB.beatenC.boundD.injured

29.A.happyB.upsetC.calmD.scared

30.A.walkB.marchC.rideD.tour

31.A.FinallyB.AfterwardsC.MoreoverD.Still

32.A.adventureB.emotionC.approachD.intention

33.A.foughtB.metC.livedD.knew

34.A.investigationB.planC.experimentD.operation

35.A.luckiestB.bestC.richestD.coolest

四、語(yǔ)法填空(本大題共1小題，共15.0分)

36.TheSongDynastywasanexcitingperiodinChinesehistory.Attheheightof(1)

(it)power,thecountry*spopulationdoubled.Afastgrowingeconomyandstrong

support(2)Chineserulershelpedthedevelopmentoftechnologyandthe

expansionofknowledge.Duringthisperiod,ahugenumberoftechnologicalinnovations

emerged.Manyofthemhadsignificantpractical(3)(apply).

Oneparticularinventionfromthisperiodmadeamarkontheworld：moveabletype(活

字印刷術(shù))-thatis,individualblocksthatcouldprintasingleletterandthen(4)

(use)again.ThistechnologyfinallyendedupinEuropeseveralcenturieslater.The

Chineselanguageusesahugenumberofcharacters,(5)mostEuropean

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languagesuseindividuallettersthatcombineintowords.Printingtextsmadeupof

individualletters(6)(require)fewerblocks.Thisinventionproducedan

enormouschangein(7)(write)communicationinEuropeandmadeiteasier

fora(8)(grow)numberofpeopletolearntoread.

TheChinesewerealsothefirsttoinventthecompass,(9)changedhowsailors

navigatedtheseas.Togetherwithstarcharts-anotherChineseinvention-andmaps,the

compassmadeseatravelmuch(10)(safe).

五、書(shū)面表達(dá)(本大題共2小題，共40.0分)

37.假如你是李華，你的美國(guó)朋友Peter被選為2022年北京冬奧會(huì)志愿者，他向你寫(xiě)

信請(qǐng)教如何學(xué)好漢語(yǔ)，請(qǐng)你給他回信，要點(diǎn)如下：

1.表示祝賀；

2.提出建議；

3.表達(dá)祝福。

注意：1.寫(xiě)作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；

2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

38.閱讀下面材料?，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫(xiě)兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。

AsimpleTHANKSInmythirty-yearteachingprofession,oneofthebestteachersIhave

everknownisMrRowe.Iwasluckyenoughtoteachfourthgradetogetherwithhim.

Mr.RowehadendlesspatienceandunderstandingandIlearnedsomuchfromwatching

him.Hecouldperformmiracles,liketheoneheperformedwithSteven,oneofthe

unhappiestkidsIhadeverseen.Stevencouldn'tstandschool.

Hedidn'tlikebeingpickedlastforkickball.Hedidn'tlikethekidswhoraisedtheirhands

andknewalltheanswers,andmostimportantly,hedidnftlikehimself.

ThefirstdayhewalkedintoMr.Rowe'sclassroom,heignoredtheotherstudents,looking

angryandannoyed,andslidintohischair,knockingacoupleoftextbooksontothefloor.

Mr.RowewalkedovertohimandtouchedSteven'sshoulder,butStevenpulled

away.Nevertheless,Mr.Rowewelcomedhim：MHi,Steven.I'mhappyyouareinmy

class.Wearegonnahaveagreatyear."StevenlookedaroundtheroomasifMr.Rowe

mustbemistaken.NoteacherinhisrightmindwouldwantSteventobepartofhis

classroom.So,whileMr.Roweseemedcheerfulandrelaxedthatdayofschool,itseemed

likeStevenwasangryandconfused.

Thatdayafterclasses,Mr.RowechoseSteventopitch(投球)thekickballduringthebreak.

"Hey,Steven,"Mr.Rowecommented,"Youaregoodatpitching.Letmeshowyoumy

secrettrick."Mr.RowetaughtStevenoneofthetricksthatnotasinglekidcould

perform.Stevenlearnedfastanddidquitewell!Everyonecheeredforhim!

Afterthekickball,StevensatasclosetoMr.Roweinclassesashecould.Whenaquestion

wasasked,Stevenlitup；whenheknewtheanswer,heraisedhishand；whenheanswered

thequestion,hisvoiceshook.However,hegottheanswerright!Hesaid,withMr.Rowe,his

daysofthefourthgradepromisedwonderful.ltwasobviousthatStevengrewtolove

Mr.Rowemoreandmorewitheachpassingday.

注意：1.續(xù)寫(xiě)詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；

2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

Timepassedquicklythatyear,andbeforeweallknewit,itwasthelastdayof

school..

Manyyearslater,Mr.RoweandIweresurprisedwhenahandsomeyoungmanwalkedinto

ourclassroom,dressedinthearmyuniform..

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答案和解析

1.【答案】

【小題1】D【小題2】A【小題3】C

【解析】（1）D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一部分中的"Thefollowingitemsareapprovedforuse

inresidential（住宿的）rooms：electricblankets,hairdryers,personal

computers,radios,televisionsandDVDplayers"下列物品經(jīng)批準(zhǔn)可用于住宅房間：電熱毯、

吹風(fēng)機(jī)、個(gè)人電腦、收音機(jī)、電視和DVD播放機(jī)?？芍?，在學(xué)生宿舍里允許使用電熱

毯、電吹風(fēng)、個(gè)人電腦、收音機(jī)、電視和DVD播放器，故選D。

（2）A.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三部分中的"Withtheexceptionofusingasmallmicrowaveoven

（微波爐）toheatfood,studentsarenotpermittedtocookintheirrooms"除了用小微波爐

加熱食物外，學(xué)生們不準(zhǔn)在房間里做飯。可知，可以使用小的微波爐，故選A。

（3）C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四部分中的If,oneweekfromIhedateofwrittennotice,thepet

isnotremoved,thestudentisreferredtotheStudentCourt.如果在書(shū)面通知之日起一周內(nèi)，

寵物仍未被移走，學(xué)生將被提交學(xué)生法庭?？芍?，如果學(xué)生在接到書(shū)面通知后的一星期

里沒(méi)有移走寵物，他將被送交學(xué)生法庭處理，故選C。

本文是一篇應(yīng)用文一大學(xué)校內(nèi)宿舍使用規(guī)則。簡(jiǎn)明扼要地介紹了在國(guó)外大學(xué)生宿舍里

學(xué)生應(yīng)該遵守的一些規(guī)章制度。

1.直接信息題：直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中找到信息，選項(xiàng)在語(yǔ)言表達(dá)上與原

文基本一致的題目。2.間接信息題：間接信息題是能夠從原文中找到信息，但在語(yǔ)言

表達(dá)上與原文有差異，做題時(shí)需要對(duì)原文信息進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。3.綜合信息題：綜合信息題

是指這類題目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句話，可能是原文的幾句話，或者是散落在

文章不同的地方，要求學(xué)生把原文所提供的信息綜合起來(lái)分析，而不能斷章取義。

4.【答案】

【小題1]C【小題2】D【小題3】B【小題4】A

【解析】（1）C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的"What'smore,Iwoulddoitwithouttakingany

flightsormakingasingleadvancereservationofanykind.（止匕夕卜，我也不會(huì)乘坐任何航班，

也不會(huì)提前預(yù)訂任何種類的機(jī)票。）可知，作者旅行的特別之處是沒(méi)有提前預(yù)定，也沒(méi)

有坐飛機(jī)。故選C。

（2）D.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中"OnceIsetoffonmyadventureinOctober2016,Ifound

thattravllingwithoutusingplaneswasnoteasy.Tryingtocircletheglobein16months（ittook

meabitlongerthantheinitial12monthsIplanned）madeiteventougher.（當(dāng)我在2016

年10月開(kāi)始我的冒險(xiǎn)之旅時(shí)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)不使用飛機(jī)旅行并不容易。試著在16個(gè)月內(nèi)繞地

球一周［這比我最初計(jì)劃的12個(gè)月要長(zhǎng)一些］讓事情變得更加困難。）”由此可知，作者

2016年10月出發(fā)，16個(gè)月后返回，即作者最有可能在2018年2月回到美國(guó)。故選D。

（3）B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句"1tookthreeconsecutiveovernightbusestotravel3,

000kmthroughArgentina,fromUshuaia,theworld'ssouthernmostcity,tothecapitalBuenos

Aires.（我連續(xù)乘坐了三趟通宵巴士，從世界最南端的城市烏斯懷亞到首都布宜諾斯艾

利斯，穿越阿根廷3000公里。）、第四段第一句"Ittooksevenconsecutivedaysandnights

ontrainstogetfromMoscowtoBejjing（從莫斯科到北京坐了連續(xù)七天的火車。）”及第

四段最后一句"Laterinmyjourney,ittook22daysonacargofreightertogetfromNew

ZealandthroughthePanamaCanalandbacktoPhiladelphia』。finishmyround-the-world

adventure.（在我后來(lái)的旅程中，我用了22天的時(shí)間乘坐貨輪從新西蘭穿過(guò)巴拿馬運(yùn)河

回到費(fèi)城，完成了我的環(huán)球冒險(xiǎn)。）”可知，作者的旅行路線是烏斯懷亞，布宜諾斯艾

利斯，莫斯科，北京，新西蘭，費(fèi)城。故選B。

（4）A.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“1foundtravellingwithoutusingplaneswasnoteasy.

（我發(fā)現(xiàn)不用飛機(jī)旅行并不容易）”可知，作者在2008年12月開(kāi)始他的冒險(xiǎn)之旅時(shí)，

他發(fā)現(xiàn)不坐飛機(jī)旅行并不容易；結(jié)合最后一段中“Itturnedoutthattravellingwithno

reservationswasfarlessdifficultthanhadimagined.Pullingintoacityonabuswitha

backpackjookinginaguidebookforafewsuggestionsofaccommodations,andthenfindingan

emptyroomwasnevermuchofaproblemanywhere.（沒(méi)有計(jì)劃的旅行遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)有想象中那么

困難，帶著背包坐公交車進(jìn)城，在旅游指南上尋找一些住宿建議，然后找到一個(gè)住處在

任何地方都不是什么大問(wèn)題。）”可推知，作者的態(tài)度是積極的，認(rèn)為雖然旅行有一定

挑戰(zhàn)性，但總體上是愉快的。A.challengingbutpleasing具有挑戰(zhàn)性但令人愉快的；

B.dangerousbutwonderful危險(xiǎn)但精彩的；C.boringanddisappointing無(wú)聊又令人失望的；

D.costlyandpainful代價(jià)高昂且痛苦的。故選A。

本文是記敘文。文章主要講了作者在沒(méi)有任何計(jì)劃的前提下進(jìn)行了環(huán)球旅行，結(jié)果證明

筆無(wú)準(zhǔn)備地旅行比想象的要容易得多。

1.直接信息題：直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中找到信息，選項(xiàng)在語(yǔ)言表達(dá)上與原

第12頁(yè)，共22頁(yè)

文基本一致的題目。2.間接信息題：間接信息題是能夠從原文中找到信息，但在語(yǔ)言

表達(dá)上與原文有差異，做題時(shí)需要對(duì)原文信息進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。3.綜合信息題：綜合信息題

是指這類題目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句話，可能是原文的幾句話，或者是散落在

文章不同的地方，要求學(xué)生把原文所提供的信息綜合起來(lái)分析，而不能斷章取義。

8.【答案】

【小題1】A【小題2】D【小題3】C【小題4】B

【解析】（1）A.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第—?段"Transportationsh叩estheworld：alongwith

communications,itformsaglobalnetthatconnectspersontoperson,citytocity,andcountryto

country.Transportationroutesaswellasvehiclesarevitaltothefunctioningandspreadof

everycivilization."（交通塑造了世界：與通訊一起，它形成了一個(gè)連接人與人、城市與

城市、國(guó)家與國(guó)家的全球網(wǎng)絡(luò)。交通路線和交通工具對(duì)每一種文明的運(yùn)作和傳播都至關(guān)

重要。）結(jié)合文章主要說(shuō)明了交通隨著技術(shù)的發(fā)展而進(jìn)步，列舉了水路、火車、航空以

及高鐵這幾種交通方式隨著時(shí)間推移而進(jìn)步。由此可知，這篇文章的主要內(nèi)容是隨著時(shí)

間的推移，交通技術(shù)的進(jìn)步。故選A。

（2）D.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中"Waterhasalwaysbeenafastandefficientmodeof

travel,andeventodayitremainsaprimarymoverofheavygoods.Theimportanceofwaterways

tohumancivilizationcanbeseenonanymap：almostalloftheworld'smajorcitiesarelocated

oncoastlinesorrivers."（水一直是一種快捷高效的運(yùn)輸方式，即使在今天，它仍然是重

型貨物的主要運(yùn)輸方式。水路對(duì)人類文明的重要性可以在任何地圖上看到：兒乎所有的

世界主要城市都位于海岸線或河流上。）由此可推知，作者提到世界主要城市的位置，

是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)水運(yùn)對(duì)人類發(fā)展的貢獻(xiàn)。故選D。

（3）C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段"AlthoughtheMontgolfierbrotherstookflightin

balloonsinthe18thcentury,airtravelwasnotpracticaluntiltheinventionofpoweredflightby

theWrightbrothersin1903.Withintenyears,thecommercialairtransportationbusinesshad

begun."（盡管18世紀(jì)的時(shí)候，蒙哥菲耶兄弟就用氣球飛行了，但是直到1903年萊特兄

弟發(fā)明了動(dòng)力飛機(jī)，航空旅行才變得實(shí)用起來(lái)。不到十年，商業(yè)航空運(yùn)輸業(yè)務(wù)開(kāi)始了。）

由此可知，飛機(jī)的發(fā)明促進(jìn)了航空旅行的普及。故選C。

（4）B.數(shù)字計(jì)算題。根據(jù)最后一段中"Today,two-thirdsoftheworld'shigh-speedrailtrack

isinChina,whichmeasuresnearly30,000kms,andthisisexpectedtoreach38,000kmsby

2025.”（如今，世界上三分之二的高速鐵路在中國(guó)，總長(zhǎng)近3萬(wàn)公里，預(yù)計(jì)到2025年，

這一數(shù)字將達(dá)到3.8萬(wàn)公里。）由此可知，當(dāng)今世界高速鐵路的總長(zhǎng)度約（3除以2/3）

4.5萬(wàn)公里。故選B。

這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了交通隨著技術(shù)的發(fā)展而進(jìn)步，且列舉了水路、火車、

航空以及高鐵這兒種交通方式隨著時(shí)間推移而進(jìn)步。

做這類題材閱讀理解時(shí)要求考生對(duì)文章通讀一遍，做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對(duì)性的找

出相關(guān)語(yǔ)句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案。做題時(shí)要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上

合理的分析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測(cè)，一定要做到有理有據(jù)。

12.【答案】

【小題1】D【小題2】B【小題3】D【小題4】B

【解析】（1）D.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第五段"Thesepatternssuggestthatsometypesof

mentalflexibilitydecreaserelativelyearlyinadulthood,butthattheknowledgeonehas,andthe

effectivenessofintegrating（整合）itwithone'sabilities,mayincreasethroughoutallof

adulthoodiftherearenodiseases,"Salthousesaid.（"這些模式表明，某些類型的心理靈活

性在成年期的早期相對(duì)下降，但如果沒(méi)有疾病，一個(gè)人所擁有的知識(shí)