(22)-6.2 發(fā)展中國家的貿(mào)易政策

6.2TradePoliciesfortheDevelopingNations6.2發(fā)展中國家的貿(mào)易政策TradePoliciesfortheDevelopingNationsThecoreissuesofdevelopingcountries：

Industrializationandeconomicgrowthimportsubstitutiontradestrategy?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbecopied,scanned,orduplicated,inwholeorinpart,exceptforuseaspermittedinalicensedistributedwithacertainproductorserviceorotherwiseonapassword‐protectedwebsiteforclassroomuse2EconomicGrowthStrategiesImportsubstitutionExtensiveuseoftradebarriersToprotectdomesticindustriesfromimportcompetitionInward-orientedTradeandindustrialincentivesfavorproductionforthedomesticmarketovertheexportmarket?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbecopied,scanned,orduplicated,inwholeorinpart,exceptforuseaspermittedinalicensedistributedwithacertainproductorserviceorotherwiseonapassword‐protectedwebsiteforclassroomuse3EconomicGrowthStrategiesAdvantagesofimportsubstitutionLowrisksofestablishingahomeindustrytoreplaceimportsEasierforadevelopingnationtoprotectitsmanufacturersagainstforeigncompetitorsThantoforceadvancednationstoreducetheirtraderestrictionsForeignershaveanincentivetolocatemanufacturingplantsinthenation?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbecopied,scanned,orduplicated,inwholeorinpart,exceptforuseaspermittedinalicensedistributedwithacertainproductorserviceorotherwiseonapassword‐protectedwebsiteforclassroomuse4EconomicGrowthStrategiesDisadvantagesofimportsubstitutionDomesticindustriesNoincentivetoincreasetheirefficiencyManufacturerscannottakeadvantageofeconomiesofscaleDiscriminatesagainstallotherproducersIncludingpotentialexportingonesVerydifficulttoremovetherestrictionsBreedscorruption?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbecopied,scanned,orduplicated,inwholeorinpart,exceptforuseaspermittedinalicensedistributedwithacertainproductorserviceorotherwiseonapassword‐protectedwebsiteforclassroomuse5EconomicGrowthStrategiesExport-ledgrowthExport-orientedpolicyOutwardoriented-linksthedomesticeconomytotheworldeconomyPromotegrowththroughtheexportofmanufacturedgoodsTradecontrols-nonexistentorverylowIndustrializationNaturaloutcomeofdevelopment?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbecopied,scanned,orduplicated,inwholeorinpart,exceptforuseaspermittedinalicensedistributedwithacertainproductorserviceorotherwiseonapassword‐protectedwebsiteforclassroomuse6EconomicGrowthStrategiesAdvantagesofexport-orientedpoliciesEncourageindustriesinwhichdevelopingnationsarelikelytohaveacomparativeadvantageAllowdomesticmanufacturersgreaterscopeforexploitingeconomiesofscaleImposeacompetitivedisciplineondomesticfirmsthatforcesthemtoincreaseefficiency?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbecopied,scanned,orduplicated,inwholeorinpart,exceptforuseaspermittedinalicensedistributedwithacertainproductorserviceorotherwiseonapassword‐protectedwebsiteforclassroomuse7Duringthe1980sand1990s,developingnationsthatweremoreopentotheinternationaleconomygrewfasterthanthoseremainingmoreclosed.?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbecopied,scanned,orduplicated,inwholeorinpart,exceptforuseaspermittedinalicensedistributedwithacertainproductorserviceorotherwiseonapassword‐protectedwebsiteforclassroomuse8OpennessandeconomicgrowthChina’sReformandOpeningup1970sValueofexportsandimportsLessthan$15billion30thlargestexportingnationNegligibleparticipantinworldfinancialmarkets2017World’ssecondlargesteconomyNationaloutputOvertwothirdsoftheU.S.ThreetimesasmanyasJapan’s?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.M