英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)復(fù)習(xí)題

英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)復(fù)習(xí)題(一)I.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.CircleTorFasyouseefitonyouranswersheet.(10%)1.

Thebasicwordstockofalanguageischangingrapidlyallthetime.2.

Afreemorphemeisawordinthetraditionalsense.3.

ThetotalnumberoffunctionalwordsisverylimitedinEnglish.4.

EveryEnglishwordhasitsmotivation.5.

AlltheaffixesinEnglishareveryproductive.6.

Themeaningofaword,especiallythatofapolysemousword,isoftendeterminedbythecontextinwhichitappears.7.

Somesynonymsareconnectedwitheuphemismsandvulgarisms.8.

TheinteractionbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglishislargelyfromwesttoeastnowadays.9.

Ifanativewordhasaborrowedsynonym,theforeignwordisalwaysmoreliterarythanthenativeone.10.

Asynchronicdictionaryisadictionaryofcontemporarywords.II.Thefollowingaremultiple-choicequestions.MarkyouranswerbycirclingA,B,CorDonyouranswersheet.(20%)11.

ThehistoryoftheEnglishlanguagebeganwiththeconquestandsettlementofwhatisnowEnglandbythe_________.(A)

Romans(B)

Danish(C)

Angles,SaxonsandJutes(D)Normans12.

Thesentence“Feelingfatigued,Tomretiredearly”isstylistically__________.(A)

colloquial(B)

slangy(C)

literary(D)neutral13.

Amorphemeisatwo-facetlanguageunit,whichpossessesboth________.(A)

functionandmeaning(B)

lettersandmeaning(C)

syllableandmeaning(D)soundandmeaning14.

Ahybridisawordmadeupofelementsbelongingtotwoormore_________.(A)

foreignlanguages(B)

differentlanguages(C)

Germaniclanguages(D)Romancelanguages15.

InEnglishthemostproductivetypeofconversionisconversion__________.(A)

fromverbtoadjective(B)

fromadjectivetonoun(C)

fromnountoadjective(D)fromnountoverb16.

Themajorityofback-formedwordsare___________.(A)

nouns(B)

adjectives(C)

verbs(D)adverbs17.

“Statesman”isanappreciativewordwhereas“politician”isa_________.(A)

colloquialword(B)

derogatoryword(C)

purrword(D)neutralword18.

“Happy”and“unhappy”are____________.(A)

non-gradableantonyms(B)

rootantonyms(C)

derivationalantonyms(D)conversives19.

ThelanguagebroughttoNorthAmericabytheBritishexplorersintheseventeenthcenturybelongstotheearlystageof_______.(A)

OldEnglish(B)

MiddleEnglish(C)

ModernEnglish(D)ContemporaryEnglish20.

“Corpse”originallymeantthehumanbody.Nowitmeansadeadbody.Thisisacaseof_______.(A)

restrictionofmeaning(B)

extensionofmeaning(C)

degenerationofmeaning(D)elevationofmeaningIII.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingwordsisaA)simpleword,B)compoundword,C)derivedwordorD)shortenedform.Markyouranswerontheanswersheet.21.taxi 22.lady23.modernize 24.eager25.friendship 26.warship27.German 28.Frenchman29.crocodile 30.photoIV.Explainthefollowingtermswithappropriateexamples.Doitontheanswersheet.(10%)31.allomorph32.derivationV.Giveashortanswertothefollowingquestions.Doitontheanswersheet.(30%)33.Themeaningofaploysemouswordisoftendeterminedbythelinguisticcontextinwhichitappears.Illustratethispointwithexamples.34.Whatarethefourcommonesttendenciesofthechangeofwordmeaning?VI.Givealongeranswer(150-200words)tothefollowingquestion.Doitontheanswersheet.(20%)35.HowareantonymsclassifiedinEnglish?英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)參照答案(一)I.Someofthefollowingstatementsaretrue,theothersfalse.MarkyouranswerbycirclingTorFonyouranswersheet.(10%)1F2T3T4F5F6T7T8T9F10FII.Thefollowingaremultiple-choicequestions.MarkyouranswerbycirclingA,B,CorDonyouranswersheet.(20%)11C12C13D14B15D16C17B18C19C20AIII.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingwordsisaA)simpleword,B)compoundword,C)derivedwordorD)shortenedform.Markyouranswerontheanswersheet.21.D

22.A23.C

24.A25.C

26.B27.A

28.B29.A

30.DIV.Explainthefollowingtermswithappropriateexamples.Doitontheanswersheet.(10%)31.Anallomorphisanyofthevariantformsofamorphemeasconditionedbypositionoradjoiningsounds.Forexample,theallomorphs“–ion/-tion/-sion/-ation”arethepositionalvariantsofthesamesuffix.32.Derivationoraffixationisaprocessofformingnewwordsbyadditionofawordelement,suchasaprefix,suffixorcombiningformtoanalreadyexistingword.Forexample,theword“unfair”isformedbyaddingtheprefix“un-“tothealreadyexistingword“fair”.V.Giveashortanswertothefollowingquestions.Doitontheanswersheet.(30%)33.Themeaningofapolysemouswordisoftendeterminedbythelinguisticcontextinwhichitappears,includingthelexical,grammatical,andverbalcontextinitsbroadsense.Forinstance,theverbmakecanbeusedinmanydifferentsenseswhenitiscombinedwithdifferentlexicalitems,e.g.:Theregulationsweremade(enacted)toprotectchildren.Wemade(had)agoodlunchbeforeleaving.Thetrainwasmaking(travelingataspeedof)70milesanhour.34.Thefourcommonesttendenciesofthechangeofwordmeaningare:1)Restrictionofmeaning/Specialization:awordofwidemeaningacquiresanarrower,specializedsensewhichisapplicabletoonlyoneoftheobjectsithadpreviouslydenoted.E.g.thewordmeatoriginallymeant“food”,butnowmeans“thefleshofanimalsusedasfood,excludingfishandbirds”.2)Extensionofmeaning/Generalization:thewideningofaword’ssenseuntilitcoversmuchmorethanwhatitoriginallyconveyed.E.g.thewordbirdmeantayoungbirdbefore,butnowmeans“featheredcreatureswithtwolegsandtwowings”.3)Degenerationofmeaning/Pejoration:Degenerationofmeaningisaprocesswherebywordsofgoodoriginfallintoillreputationornon-affectivewordscometobeusedinderogatorysense.E.g.“accident”oncemeantanoccuranceoranevent,butnowitmeansonly“badoccurance”.4)Elevationofmeaning/Amelioration:Elevationofmeaningreferstotheprocessbywhichwordsrisefromhumblebeginningtopositionsofimportance,orawordmeaningtakesaturnforthebetterinthecourseoftime.E.g.“minister”oncemeantaservant,itnowmeans“apersonattheheadofaDepartmentofState”.VI.Givealongeranswer(150-200words)tothefollowingquestion.Doitontheanswersheet.(20%)35.Antonymsmaybeclassifiedonthebasisofsemanticcontrastorofmorphologicalstructure.Semanticallyantonymsfallintothreetypes:1)Contraries/Contraryterms:theydisplayatypeofsemanticcontrast,illustratedbysuchpairsasrichandpoor;heavyandlight;deepandshallow,etc.Theyaregradableantonyms.2)Complementaries/Contradictories:theyrepresentatypeofbinarysemanticopp