沃爾瑪培訓機械安全machine safety

Istoprovideasafeandhealthyworkplacefortheiremployees;whichisfreefromrecognizedhazardslikelytocausedeathorphysicalharmIngeneral,Ingeneral,commonworkplaceinjuriesbymovingmachineryparts,Canemployersprotect/preventworkersfromworkplaceinjuries?企業(yè)是否MACHINESAFETY- IdentifyingMachinerySafetyHazards確定機械安全危險源ControloreliminateMachineryHazards控制或排除機械危險源SafetyPersonalProtectiveMACHINESAFETY-THE 4BestManagementMachineIncommonusage,themeaningisthatofadevicehavingpartsthatperformorassistinperforminganytypeofworkAnyfactorthatbringsaboutnegativechangeinahealthconditionorotherdefinedcharacteristics.任何會對健康狀況造成負面改變的因素。Anyeventthatresultsininjury,illhealth,disease,damageorlosswheretheworkplaceactivityisasignificantcontributingfactor.AnincidentmaybeanaccidentoraNearAnoccasionwhenanaccidentorinjuryalmosthappens,butdoes(SlightAccident)(Propertyloss

(LackofcontrolormanagementsystemControlsystemmeanssensors,manualinputandmodeselectionelements,interlockinganddecision-makingcircuitry,andoutputelementstotheoperatingmechanism.Primemoversmeanseveryengine,motor,orotherappliancewhichprovidesmechanicalenergyreceivedfromsteam,water,electricity,thecombustionoffuelorothersource.Transmissionmachinerymeanseveryshaft,wheeldrum,pulley,systemofpulleys,coupling,clutch,drivingbeltorotherdevicebywhichthemotionofaprimemoveristransmittedtoanymachineorGuardingbyfixedphysicalbarriersthataremountedon,oraround,amachinetopreventaccesstomovingparts.PointofOperationmeansthatpointatwhichthematerialispositionedinthemachineforcutting,shaping,boring,orforming.Ahazardareacreatedbytwoormoremechanicalcomponentsrotatinginoppositedirectionsinthesameplaneandincloseconjunction,proximity,orinteraction.ShearPointsAhazardareacreatedbyareciprocal(sliding)movementofamechanicalcomponentpastastationarypointonamachineMachineshavemovingparts.Theactionofmovingpartsmayhavesufficientforceinmotiontocauseinjurytopeople.CommonCommonmechanicalhazardsandassociatedrisksformachineryandequipmentareshownbelow以下是常見的機械傷害以及相關的機械設備:CausedbybetweenpartandCausedwhenRoboticarmsandmobilemachinerypartstruck(butnotpenetrated)bymovingRotatingshafts,andgears

Causedwhenbodypartbecomescaughton/inmachineparts.HardsurfacesSharpedge–movingor

partsmovetowardseachotherandbodypartiscaughtinpartpuncturedbymovingpartTheTheRootCauseOfMechanicalHazards:ThedangerousandhazardfactorsfromtheproductThedangerousandhazardfactorsfrommachine,equipment,facilityandEnvironmentFactors環(huán)境因素ThedangerousandhazardfactorsduetolackofmanagementandmanagementWhenreviewingmachineryandequipmentforpossiblemechanicalhazards,considerMachineryandequipment在尋找可能的機械危險源的時候，請關注以下StablemachinethatcanbereachedbyWithmovingpartsthatcanbereachedbyThatcanejectobjects(parts,components,productsorwasteitems)thatmaystrikeapersonwithsufficientforcetocauseharm可以彈射出物件（部件，零件，產(chǎn)品或者廢料）而WithmovingpartsthatcanreachpeoplesuchasboomsormechanicalMobilemachineryandequipment,suchasforklifts,palletjacks,earthmovingequipment,operatedinareaswherepeoplemaygainaccess.UnderstandingcommonhazardsbytypeofworkplacePeopleoperatingmachinesandequipmentcould操作機器設備的人員Berequiredtoplacetheirhandsclosetothemechanismofthemachineryorequipmentthatdoesthework,andmaybeinjuredifcaughtortrappedbymovingparts被要求將雙手放在靠近機器設備的工作點，可能受到移動部件的傷害Beexposedtoconstantharmfulnoise,radiatedenergyorfumesbeingemittedfrommachineryandequipmenttheyareoperatingorarecloseto暴露于持續(xù)的有害Inadvertentlybumporknockpoorlyplacedcontrolleversorbuttons不小心地觸碰Berequiredtomakeadjustmentstothemechanismofmachineryandequipmentwhilethemachineisinmotion被要求在運作的機械設備上進行調試BerequiredtoclearawayscrapPeoplewhoinstallordismantlemachinesandequipmentWorkinisolationWorkonmachinesandequipmentatheightorovermachineryorequipmenttoconnectservices(suchaselectricityairorwater)在機械頂部或者在高處的機械設備WorkinlowlightorwithbrightdirectionallightAccessmachineryandequipmentfromthetop,sidesorWorkwith/nearcranes,forkliftorriggingtoliftmachineryandWorkinconfinedspacesUsepowertools,welders,extensionleads,whichpresentelectricalhazardsifdamagedorwet如果設備損壞或者潮濕使用電動工具,電焊,延長導線可能帶來電氣危險Peopleprovidingmaintenanceorrepairservicescould維護維修設備的人員AccessmachinesandequipmentfromtherearsidesNeedtoenterconfinedspacesoflargermachineryandBetrappedbymechanismofthemachineryandequipmentthroughpoorisolationofenergysourcesorstoredenergy,suchasspringloadedorcounterbalancemechanisms,compressedairorfluidsorpartsheldinpositionbyhydraulicsorpneumatic(air)ramsDisableorremovenormalsafetysystemstoaccessmachinesandequipmentAccessmachinesandequipmentfromtherearofsidesorinunexpectedways從ClimbonmachinesandequipmentEnterconfinedspacesoflargermachinesandWorkwithchemicalsOperateelectricalequipmentinwetareasFactoryshouldhavemachinesafetycommittee,constitutedofmanagement,workerrepresentativesandmaintenanceteamtoaddressconcernsrelatedtomachinesafety.Newpurchaseofmachinery/modificationsorchangesmustbesubjecttoaChangeControlProcedureandriskassessment.Measuresshouldbeinplacetobringthemachinetoa‘zeroenergystate’beforeaccesstothedangerzone.Machineoperatingproceduresdisplayedandorientedtomachineoperatorsandmaintenanceteams.AllWal-MartfacilitiesandsuppliersMUST所有沃爾瑪?shù)墓┴浬瘫仨欳onductriskassessmentswithrespecttomachineandequipmentMechanicalHazardsNonMechanicalHazardsAccessHazardsUnderstandcommonhazardsbytypeofworkplaceFactoryshouldhavemachinesafetycommittee,constitutedofmanagement,workerrepresentativesandmaintenanceteamtoaddressconcernsrelatedtomachinesafety.Engineering

Inordertominimizeorisolatethereachofworkertohazardarea;barrierssuchasmachineguardsorsafeguarddevicesisputinplace. ThefirststeptoimprovemachinesafetyistoeliminateorThefirststeptoimprovemachinesafetyistoeliminateorPersonalProtectiveEquipment

Information&policies&procedures書Safeworkpractices安&MedicalMACHINESAFETY- TheProcesstocontrolthemechanical(Control(Control(EliminatetheBestManagementAbarrierthatpreventsexposuretoanidentifiedSafeguardingdevice安全防護裝置AdevicethatdetectsorpreventsinadvertentaccesstoaAbarrier,signalorsignthatwarnsindividualsofanapproachingorpresentSafeguardingmethod安全防護措施Safeguardingimplementedtoprotectindividualsfromhazardsbythephysicalarrangementofdistance,holding,openings,orpositioningofthemachineormachineproductionsystemtoensurethattheoperatorcannotreachthehazard.Introduction介紹-Controlofmachineryhazards控制機械危險源Separationisasimpleandeffectivemachineryandequipmentriskcontrol.Separationmaybeachievedbydistance,barrierorDistanceseparationmeansapersoncannotreachthehazardduetoBarrierseparationmeansaneffectivebarrierorguarddeniesaccessandcontrolsejectionofparts,producesorwaste.Timeseparationmeansatthetimeofaccess,themachineryorequipmentisPhysicalbarriersandguardssuchasfences,screensorfixedpanelsofvariousSafeguardingisessentialforprotectingemployeesfromneedlessandpreventableinjuryAgoodruletorememberis安全防護對于保護員工免受可Anymachinepart,function,orprocessthatmaycauseinjurymustbeIntermsofcontrollingamputationhazards,employeesareprotectedfromhazardousmachineworkactivitieseitherbyeffectivemachinesafeguardingorLockOut/TagOutwheresafeguardsarerenderedineffectiveordonotprotectemployeesfromhazardousenergyduringservicingandCONTROLOFMACHINEHAZARDSBYUSEOFMACHINECONTROLOFMACHINEHAZARDSBYUSEOFSAFEGUARDCONTROLOFMACHINEHAZARDSBYCONTROLLINGHAZARDOUSENERGY[LOTO]CONTROLOFMACHINEHAZARDSBYTRAININGCONTROLOFMACHINEHAZARDSBYUSEOFAGuardcanperformseveralfunctions:itcandenybodilyaccess,containejectedparts,toolsoff-cutsorswath,preventemissionsescapingorformpartofasafeworkingplatform.GuardingiscommonlyusedwithmachineryandequipmenttopreventaccessRotatingshaftsMovingpartsthatdonotrequireregularadjustmentMachinetransmissionssuchapulleyandbeltdriveschaindrivesexposeddriveAnydangerousmovingpartsmachinesorequipment.以BarrierthatallowsforstockfeedingbutdoesnotpermitCanbeconstructedtosuitmanyWhereaccessisnotanticipated,afixedguardcanbepermanentlyoperatortoappliedbybindingthedangerweldingorsecuredenclosesthepointone-wayscrews.operationor域BarrierthatadjustsforavarietyofCanbeconstructedtosuitmanyIncorporatesmovablesectionsorpanelsoftheguardandallowsmaterialorpartstobeintotheguardedareaCanbeadjustedpreventingbodilyBarrierthatmovesaccordingtothesizeofthestockenteringpointofOfftheselfguardsareoftenApplicationonbandsaw,circularsaw,radialarmsaw,tablesawetc..安裝于ShutsoffordisengagespowerandpreventsmachinefromstartingupwhenAllowsaccessforsomeminorservicingwork,inaccordancewiththelock-out/tagoccurswhentheactofmovingtheguard(opening,slidingorremoving)toallowaccessstopstheactionoftheguardisopen.timeremovalofFIXED

Interlockguardingworksby聯(lián)鎖防護起Mechanicallydisconnectingthedrivemechanism(appliesabrakeordisengagesaclutchorgearedIsolatingthepowersourceofthedrivemechanism(stopsthemotor)斷開驅動系Acombinationofmechanicalandpowerdisconnection.組合以上兩種方式Interlockguardingisgenerallyachievedviamechanicalorelectricalmeans,butmayalsoincludehydraulicorpneumaticcontrol CONTROLOFMACHINEHAZARDSBYUSEOFSafeguardingdevicesarecontrolsorattachmentsthat,whenproperlydesigned,appliedandusedusuallypreventinadvertentaccessbyemployeestohazardousmachineareasby安全防護裝置是一種控制器或者附件，通過合理設計安裝和使用，Preventinghazardousmachinecomponentoperationifyourhandorbodypartisinadvertentlyplacedinadangerarea如果手部或者身體意外地處于危險區(qū)域，自動阻RestrainingorwithdrawingyourhandsfromthedangerareaduringRequiringtheuseofbothofyourhandsonmachinecontrols(ortheuseofonehandifthecontrolismountedatasafedistancefromthedangerarea)thataremountedatapredeterminedsafetydistance需要使用雙手同時控制機器或者在控制器安裝在一個預設的安全距離的情況下，單手控制機器;orProvidingabarrierwhichissynchronizedwiththeoperatingcycleinordertoprevententrytothedangerareaduringthehazardouspartofthecycle采用一個和機METHODOFAllowsthehandstoenterthepointofoperationforfeedingandProvidesprotectionevenintheeventofmechanicalrepeat.themachineautomaticallypointofoperationduringWristsareconnectedbycordsSimple,fewmovingparts;securedtoafixedanchorpointreachingthepointofoperationOperatorcannotreachtheanyLittleriskofmechanicalprovidesprotectioneveninthe點EFFECTIVEEFFECTIVEsystemtostopoperationwhenthesensingfield(photoelectric,radiofrequency,orelectro-magnetic)isAdjuststofitdifferentstockAllowsaccesstoloadandunloadthemachine.允許進行送料和取料Allowsaccesstotheguardedareaformaintenanceandset-upactivities.Operator’shandsareatauseofbothhands,themfromenteringdangersafetyOperator’shandsarefreetopickuppartsaftercompletionoffirstpartofApplicabletomechanicalpowerApplicabletomechanicalpowerdangerareaandoperatoruntilcompletionofmachinecycle.Preventsoperatorfromreachingintodangerareaduringmachinecycle.

EFFECTIVEPROCESSCONTROLOFMACHINEHAZARDSBYHAZARDOUSENERGY[LOTO]通過控制危險能量源來控制機器危險Theenergystoredinmovingparts(momentum)cancausethemechanismofthemachineorequipmenttorunonforsometimeafterthesourceofdrivingenergyhasbeenremoved.Alsoaccidentalstart-upormovementofamachinemechanismcanoccurifcontrolleversorbuttonsarebumpedorifashortcircuitofthecontrolsystemwhenhydraulicorairpressureiswhenundoingorretainingLockout-tagout(LOTO)orlockandtagSafetyprocedurewhichisusedinindustrytoensurethatdangerousmachinesareproperlyshutoffandnotstartedupagainpriortothecompletionofmaintenanceorservicingwork.Itrequiresthathazardousenergysourcestobe"isolatedandrenderedinoperative"beforeanyrepairprocedureisstarted.ProcedurerequiresthatatagbeaffixedtothelockedindicatingthatitshouldnotbeturnedThefollowingoverviewofthelockout–tagoutShutdownthemachineryandIdentifyallenergysourcesandotherIdentifyallisolationpoints識別Isolateallenergysources切斷Lockoutallisolationpoints鎖閉Tagmachinerycontrols,energysourcesandotherhazards上牌標識Testby‘tryingtoreactivatetheplantwithoutexposingthetesterorotherstorisk(failuretoreactivateensuresthatisolationproceduresareeffectiveandallstoredenergieshavebeendissipated).核實能源隔離CONTROLOFMACHINEHAZARDSBYTRAININGAdequateinstructioninthesafeuseandcareofmachinesandsupervisedon-the-jobtrainingareessentialinpreventingamputationinjuries.Onlytrainedemployeesshouldoperatemachinery.Allhazardsintheworkarea,includingmachine-specificMachineoperatingprocedures,lockout/tagoutproceduresandsafeworkpractices;機器操作流程，鎖定標識程序以及安全工作指引ThepurposeandproperuseofmachinesafeAllproceduresforrespondingtosafeguardingproblemssuchasimmediatelyreportingunsafeconditionssuchasmissingordamagedguardsandviolationsofsafeoperatingpracticestosupervisors.Effectivemachineryandequipmentriskcontrolsreflectthefollowingcharacteristics:有效的機械設備風險控制具備以下特點：ThehazardiscontrolledatitsContactoraccesstothehazardisSturdyconstruction(correctmaterialswithfewpointsofpotential結構堅固（使用正確的材料把可能故障降到最低Fail-safe(failureofthecontrolsystemtobeeffectivewillresultinmachineryshut–down)失靈安全（一旦控制系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)故障，機械設備會自動停機Tamper-proofdesign(asdifficultaspossibleto防干擾設計（使機械設備無法跳過控制系統(tǒng)運行PresentsminimumimpedimenttomachineryandequipmentEasytoinspectandDoesnotintroducefurtherhazardsthroughactionofriskAsanemployer,youneedtoconsiderhousekeepingpractices,employeeapparelandemployeeImplementgoodhousekeepingpracticestopromotesafeworkingconditionsaroundmachinerybydoingthefollowing:Removeslip,tripandfallhazardsfromthesurroundingmachines清楚機器周圍可能會導致發(fā)生RemovewastestockasgeneratedMaketheworkarealargeenoughformachineoperationandmaintenance;Placemachinesawayfromhightrafficareastoreduceemployeedistraction.不要把機器布置在Employeesshouldnotwearloosefittingclothing,jewelry,orotheritemsthatcouldbecomeentangledinmachineryandlonghairshouldbewornunderacaporotherwisecontainedtoprevententanglementinmovingmachinery.CleaningLubricationTighteningandInspection(CLTI)CheckDefinesthefrequencyofMachine/EquipmentGuideshowtoclean,Lubricant,inspectandTightentheThroughthischecksheetwecansetthetimedurationforthecleaningofeachandeverypartinstalledinthemachinery.ThissheetalsoguideshowtoinspectthemachinebeforeandaftertheWecansetthestandardofcleaningofanyequipmente.g.(Brush,VacuumCleaner,Bloweretc.)可以設置清潔部件的不同標準（刷子，吸塵器，吹風機等Quantityofeachpartisalsomentionedinthissheetwhichhelpsmemorizetheno.ofpartstoberequiretoreassemble/Fixintothemachineaftermaintenance.CleaningLubricationTighteningandInspection(CLTI)清 潤 檢AUTONOMOUSMAINTENANCESTANDARD(Cleaning,Lubricating,Inspection&Tightening)

Bosch

Tag

LinearFeederFeedBucketsUpperShedLowerShed

Total14DoubleClipTotal14Total4DoubleClipDoubleClipClampingTotal4Bolts&BeltOpeningTotal28Bolts,1

NoDust,NoDirtNoDust,NoDirtNoDust,NoDirtNoDust,NoDirtNoDust,NoDirtNoDust,NoNoDust,No

NN

*EnclosureandMainCompleteStructureNoDust,NoDirtDozerAssembly

N

N

Total2

NoDust,No

N Brush,N

Total2Total2Bolts

NoDust,NoNoDust,NoDirtNoDust,No

Brush,NNBrush,

Clean *******2*2**5*2**

Jaws

4lubricationplacesNoDust,No4lubricationplacesNoDust,No

N

Clean&NBrush,NoDust,NoN2*MachineSpillTray4wheelsattachmentNoDust,No N *KeefCleaning

2Clips

NoDust,NoDirtNoDust,No

N N

Cover,2Boltsand2NoDust,NoDirtCipsOpening2lubricationplacesNoDust,No

NN

Clean&

5Suction NoDust,No N Brush,MetallicrodDismantleReel25MovingRollers&NoDust,NoDirtReel

N VacuumPumpFilterClipOpeningFilterNoDust,No N *2***5* 2Clips NoDust,No N *2***5*Exit

Belt

Belt2Rollers,

NoDust,NoNoDust,NoDirtNoDust,No

NININ

Brush,

CleanConveyerSpillTrays3Spill NoDust,No

NI

BinwithCoverNoDust,NoDirtNoDust,No

NmNm

Allproductionequipmentandmachinery(Rotatingparts,dangerouscuttingareas)atfactoriesshallberoutinelymaintained,equippedwithguardsorotherprotectivedevicesandsafelyoperated.Factoryshouldmaintainmaintenancerecords(SafeMachineoperation,LockOutTagOut(LOTO)Systems,CleaningLubricationTighteningandInspection(CLTI)checklist,MachineMaintenancerecord,RootCauseAnalysis(RCA)offrequentincident/accidents.)ofallmachinery.工廠應保留所有機械設備的維護保養(yǎng)記錄 equipments(Forklifts,cranes,derricksorothermaterialhandlingequipment)shouldbeinspectedbeforeuse.使用適當?shù)奈锪习徇\方式以預防意外傷害。相關設備（叉車，起重機等）Allemployeesshouldbetrainedrelatedtomachineoperatingprocedures,lockout/tagoutprocedures,safeworkpracticesandreportingofunsafemachineconditions/violations.SAFETYSAFETYBestManagementWhatissafetyItisanattempttochangehowthingsaredoneinordertoimproveWithintheworkplaceitcouldbeanynewprogram,practice,orinitiativeintendedtoimprovesafety(e.g.,engineeringintervention,trainingprogram,administrativeprocedure).MACHINESAFETYORGANIZATIONALSTRUCTURE(EG.SAFETYCOMMITTEES,INSPECTIONSSCHEDULES,PERFORMANCEINCENTIVES….) IdentifyproblemanddecidetoimplementDefinepurpose,timeline,budgetforevaluation設定評估目標，時間表及Identifyrecruittechnicalexpertise.Formulateevaluationplananddevelopevaluation Initiate/develop/refinemachinebreakdownmeasurementSelectanalyticalmethodtoframeworkrateofmachinefailureandaccidentcausedPre-interventionstage:Needsassessmentandevaluation AnalyzereportanddisseminateQuantitativeandqualitativedataanalysisforrootcauseofaccidents,injuries.DrawconclusiontoimplementsystemforlongtermReportandpublishsafetyselectionshort-termevaluation短期評估指標selectionshort-termevaluation短期評估指標AttitudesBehaviorsOtherproductionInterventioncomponent-specificperceivedqualityandeffectivenessselectionLongertermevaluation長期評估指標Alwayshaveformalwrittensafetypolicyandprocedure.有正式/HaveSafetycommitteestructure,inspectionschedules,hazardassessmentprocedures,safetyperformanceincen