高三英語限時訓練卷4

試卷第=page11頁，共=sectionpages33頁試卷第=page11頁，共=sectionpages33頁高三英語限時訓練卷4考試時間：命題人：審題人：英語組一、閱讀理解Whatmakesawordreal?Whohasthepowertomakethosekindsofofficialdecisionsaboutwords?Thosearethequestionsmanypeoplehaveinmind.Whenmostpeoplesayawordisn’treal,whattheymeanisthatitdoesn’tappearinadictionary.That,ofcourse,raisessomeotherquestions,including,whowritesdictionaries?Now,dictionariesaregoodresources,buttheyarechangeable.Ifyouaskdictionaryeditors,whatthey’lltellyouisthatthey’rejusttryingtokeepupwithpeopleaspeoplechangethelanguage.They’rewatchingwhatpeoplesayandwhatpeoplewriteandtryingtofigureoutwhat’sgoingtostickandwhat’snotgoingtostick.EveryJanuary,dictionaryeditorsgototheAmericanDialectSocietyMeetingeveryyear,whereamongotherthings,theydecideonthewordoftheyear.Thereareabout200or300peoplewhocome.Someofthemarethebestknownlinguists(語言學家)intheUnitedStates.Inthepast,someofthewinnershavebeen“staycation”todescribeavacationspentathomeand“tweet”todescribeapostmadeonthesocialnetworkingserviceTwitter.Sohowdoesawordgetintoadictionary?Itgetsinbecausepeopleuseitandpeoplekeepusingit,anddictionaryeditorsarepayingattentiontopeople.Ifacommunityofspeakersisusingawordandknowswhatitmeans,it’sreal.Thatwordmightbeinformalandthatwordmightbeawordthatyouthinkisillogical(不合邏輯的)orunnecessary,butaslongaspeopleareusingtheword,itisreal.Ihopethatwhatyoucandoistofindlanguagechangenotannoyingbutfunandinteresting,justthewaydictionaryeditorsdo.Ihopeyoucanenjoybeingpartofthecreativitythatiscontinuallyremakingourlanguageandkeepingitalive.1．Whydodictionarieschangeovertime?A．Speakerskeepchanginglanguage.B．Linguistsoftenmakeupnewwords.C．Dictionaryeditorschangeeveryyear.D．Wordsinthedictionaryareoutofdate.2．Whohastherighttodecidethewordoftheyear?A．Newwordsinventors. B．AmericanOfficials.C．Dictionaryeditors. D．Famouslinguists.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“staycation”meaninparagraph3?A．Takingaholidaywhileworking. B．Workingonlineathome.C．Stayingathomeforthemoment. D．Goingonavacationathome.4．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardslanguagechanging?A．Worried. B．Positive. C．Uninterested. D．Confused.二、七選五Thewordaddictionusuallymakesyouthinkofalcoholordrugs,butinmodern-daysocietyweareseeingsomenewkindsofaddictions.Somepeoplearecompulsive(難以自制的)shoppers.Othersfinditimpossibletopullthemselvesawayfromtheirwork.6Overtheyears,shoppinghasbecomeaverycommonactivity.Manypeopleenjoygoingtomallsorstoresmoreandmoreeveryday,butit’smorethanacommonhobbyforsomeofthem.Theyhaveturnedintoshopaholics.7Theyarehookedon(迷上)shoppingandusuallybuythingsthattheydon’tneed.Eventhoughtheydon’thaveenoughmoney,theybuyeverythingtheywant.8Thereisn’taspecificanswer.Somepeoplegoshoppingwhentheyaresad,worried,upsetorlonelyandtheywanttofeelbetter.Theyusethisactivityasawaytoforgettheirproblems.Shopaholicssaythattheyfeelmoreimportantandbetteraftertheybuysomething.Theyalsotendtohavethisaddictionwhentheyfeelguilty.9Someofthemcanbepsychological.Ifthisisthecase,peopleaddictedtoshoppingshouldgotoasupportgrouptohelpthembreakthishabit.However,theprocess,likeformostaddictions,islong,andtheysufferalot.10Theyjustthinkaboutsatisfyingtheirfeelings,sotheyspendmoneytheydon’thave.Theygetdeepindebt,andtheycanevengobankrupt(破產)andgetsenttoprison.A．Shopaholismseemstobeaharmlessaddiction,butitcanresultinmanyproblems.B．StillothersspendcountlesshourswatchingTVorplayingcomputergames.C．Theyarepeoplewhosimplyenjoyshoppingandwalkingaroundspendingmoneywithoutbeingabletostopdoingit.D．Thequestionis:whydotheyhavethisaddiction?E．Itcanalsocausefinancialproblems.F．Accordingly,theseshopaholicsshouldturntoacertainorganizationforhelpsothattheycanstopcompulsiveshopping.G．Herearesomewaystohelpyoudealwithshoppingaddiction.三、完形填空Asabusinesswoman,Icaredeeplyaboutmycustomers.Butlikeanyoneforwhomyoufeelaffection,11canalsodriveyoumad.They’llcomerushingin,12theirhandbag’sbeenstolen.They’ll13thattheyleftitinthechangingroom,createchaos（混亂）andthen14ithadbeenintheircarallthetime.Idoknowhowupsettheshopstaffcanget,butItrytopersuadethemtokeep15.Irememberthefirstreally16customerwehadatCoventGarden.Shewas17absolutelyeverything,nothingwasrightandIwasrathersurprisedthatshebecamea“regular”.Afterawhile,she18forthewayshebehavedatthebeginning.Shehadsplitupwithherhusbandtheweekbefore,waslivinginaflatbyherself,andsinceshe’dfoundittoomuchtocopewith（應對）,she’dtakenitoutonotherpeople.Thattaughtmeavaluable19andIpassitontothepeoplewho20inthemarket.Don’ttakeit21.Ifacustomerisrudeordifficult,justthink"Maybeshe’shadarowwithherhusband.Maybeherchild’snot22.”Alwayswateritdownanddon’tletyourego（自我）get23.Ifyoudo,youwon’beableto24itandthewholethingdevelopsintoanunpleasantsceneandthat25everyone’sday.11．A．shopkeepers B．customers C．salespersons D．receptionists12．A．saying B．pretending C．guessing D．replying13．A．agree B．promise C．imagine D．swear14．A．forget B．decide C．discover D．assume15．A．fighting B．smiling C．waiting D．changing16．A．generous B．polite C．careless D．difficult17．A．curiousabout B．displeasedwith C．patientwith D．uncertainabout18．A．searched B．argued C．prayed D．apologized19．A．lesson B．trick C．skill D．trade20．A．work B．shop C．meet D．quarrel21．A．kindly B．secretly C．personally D．casually22．A．ready B．away C．up D．well23．A．outofsight B．intheway C．behindthescene D．abovethelaw24．A．stress B．expect C．handle D．blame25．A．ruins B．makes C．starts D．saves四、用單詞的適當形式完成短文閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內單詞的正確形式。Aseedbankstoresseedstopreservegeneticdiversity;henceitisatypeofgenebank.Manypeoplemaywonder____36____theseedsarestored.Oneofthemajorreasonsistopreservethegenesthatplantgrowersneedtoincreaseyield(產量),diseaseresistance,droughttolerance,nutritionalquality,andthetasteofcrops.Anotheristoprevent____37____(lose)ofgeneticdiversityinrareorendangeredplantspeciesin____38____efforttoconservebiodiversity.Manyplants____39____(grow)centuriesagobyhumansareusedlessfrequentlynow;seedbanksofferawaytopreservethathistoricalandculturalvalue.Collectionsofseedsstored____40____constantlowtemperatureandlowwaterlevelareguardedagainstreductionofgeneticresourceswhichareotherwisemaintainedinfieldcollections.Thesealternative“l(fā)iving”collectionscan____41____(damage)bynaturaldisasters,outbreaksofdisease,____42____war.Containingvaluableinformationaboutevolvedstrategiestoreduceplantstress,seedbanksareconsideredseed____43____(library),andcanhelptocreategeneticallymodified(調整過的)versionsof____44____(exist)seeds.Theworkofseedbanksoftenspandecadesandevencenturies.Mostseedbanksare_____45_____(public)fundedandseedsareusuallyavailableforresearchthatbenefitsthepublic.答案第=page11頁，共=sectionpages22頁答案第=page11頁，共=sectionpages22頁參考答案：1．A2．C3．D4．B【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了語言會隨著人們的使用而變化，進而字典也會發(fā)生變化，并介紹了新詞是如何進入字典的。1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Now,dictionariesaregoodresources,buttheyarechangeable.Ifyouaskdictionaryeditors,whatthey’lltellyouisthatthey’rejusttryingtokeepupwithpeopleaspeoplechangethelanguage.”（現(xiàn)在，字典是很好的資源，但它們是可變的。如果你問字典編輯，他們會告訴你，他們只是在努力跟上人們改變語言的步伐。）故可推知，字典的變化是根據(jù)人們語言一直發(fā)生的變化而變化。故選A項。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“EveryJanuary,dictionaryeditorsgototheAmericanDialectSocietyMeetingeveryyear,whereamongotherthings,theydecideonthewordoftheyear.”（每年一月，詞典編輯們都會參加美國方言協(xié)會會議，在那里，他們會決定年度詞匯。）可知，每年的一月，字典編纂者會去美國方言協(xié)會參加年度會議，他們會決定年度詞匯。故選C項。3．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞該句中的“…todescribeavacationspentathome”（用來形容在家度過的假期）故可猜測，staycation為表示“在家度假”的意思。結合選項D項Goingonavacationathome“在家里度假”意思一致。故選D項。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Ihopethatwhatyoucandoistofindlanguagechangenotannoyingbutfunandinteresting,justthewaydictionaryeditorsdo.”（我希望你能做的是發(fā)現(xiàn)語言的變化不是煩人的，而是有趣的，就像字典編輯所做的那樣。）可知，作者希望你能夠意識到：語言變化不是令人煩惱的，而是有趣的，所以作者對于語言變化的態(tài)度是積極的。故選B項。6．B7．C8．D9．A10．E【導語】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了購物上癮及其危害。5．上文“Somepeoplearecompulsiveshoppers.Othersfinditimpossibletopullthemselvesawayfromtheirwork.”（有些人是強迫性的購物者。其他人發(fā)現(xiàn)自己無法脫離工作）提到了兩種新的成癮類型，B項(還有一些人花無數(shù)個小時看電視或玩電腦游戲)與上文構成并列關系，接著介紹一種成癮類型，故選B。6．空處與下文“Theyarehookedonshoppingandusuallybuythingsthattheydon’tneed.”（他們沉迷于購物，通常會買他們不需要的東西）并列，舉例說明上文提到的shopaholics（購物狂）的具體表現(xiàn)，C項（他們只是喜歡購物，到處亂花錢，停不下來）符合語境，故選C。7．下文“Thereisn’taspecificanswer.”（沒有一個具體的答案）表明此處需要提到一個問題，D項（問題是：為什么他們會有這種癮？）符合語境，故選D。8．根據(jù)下文“Someofthemcanbepsychological.Ifthisisthecase,peopleaddictedtoshoppingshouldgotoasupportgrouptohelpthembreakthishabit.”（其中一些可能是心理上的。如果是這樣的話，購物成癮的人應該去找一個支持小組來幫助他們改掉這個習慣）可知，購物上癮也會帶來一些問題，A項（購物上癮似乎是無害的，但它會導致許多問題）符合語境，故選A。9．根據(jù)下文“Theyjustthinkaboutsatisfyingtheirfeelings,sotheyspendmoneytheydon’thave.Theygetdeepindebt,andtheycanevengobankruptandgetsenttoprison.”（他們只是想滿足自己的感受，所以他們會花掉自己沒有的錢。他們債臺高筑，甚至可能破產入獄）可知，購物上癮可能會導致財務問題，E項（它還可能導致財務問題）符合語境，故選E。11．B12．A13．D14．C15．B16．D17．B18．D19．A20．A21．C22．D23．B24．C25．A【導語】這是一篇記敘文。講述了作者以自身營商的經歷，向人們傳遞寬以待人并保持樂觀心態(tài)的重要性。10．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但就像任何你喜歡的人一樣，客戶也會讓你發(fā)瘋。A.shopkeepers店主；B.customers顧客；C.salespersons售貨員；D.receptionists接待員。

根據(jù)上文“Icaredeeplyaboutmycustomers.”和“Butlikeanyoneforwhomyoufeelaffection”可推知，此處應表示，但就像任何你喜歡的人一樣，客戶也會讓你發(fā)瘋。故customers符合語境，為原詞復現(xiàn)。故選B項。11．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他們會沖進來，說他們的手提包被偷了。A.saying聲稱，說；B.pretending假裝；C.guessing猜測；D.replying回復。根據(jù)空前的“They’llcomerushingin”和設空處后的“theirhandbag’sbeenstolen.”及“l(fā)eftitinthechangingroom”并結合常識可知，此處應指，顧客們會沖進店里，聲稱自己的手提包被偷了。故saying符合語境。故選A項。12．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他們會肯定地說他們把它忘在更衣室里了，制造了混亂，然后發(fā)現(xiàn)它一直在他們的車里。A.agree同意；B.promise承諾；C.imagine想象；D.swear肯定的說。根據(jù)空處后的“l(fā)eftitinthechangingroom”和“createchaos”并結合選項可知，此處指顧客們很肯定的說他們把手提包落在了更衣室中。故選D項。13．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他們會肯定地說他們把它忘在更衣室里了，制造了混亂，然后發(fā)現(xiàn)它一直在他們的車里。A.forget忘記；B.decide決定；C.discover發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.assume假設，假定。根據(jù)空后處的“ithadbeenintheircarallthetime.”和常識可知，此處應指顧客們很肯定的說他們把自己的手提包落在更衣室了，結果發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的包一直在自己的車上。故選C項。14．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我知道店員會有多生氣，但是我試著說服他們保持微笑。A.fighting戰(zhàn)斗；B.smiling微笑；C.waiting等待；D.changing改變。根據(jù)上文“Idoknowhowupsettheshopstaffcanget”店員會生氣，以及該句中的but轉折可推知，此處表示作者會試著說服店員保持微笑。故選B項。15．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我還記得我們在科文特花園遇到的第一個難纏的顧客。A.generous慷慨的；B.polite禮貌的；C.careless粗心的；D.difficult難以取悅的，困難的。

根據(jù)下文“nothingwasright”可知，這位顧客很難打交道，故此處描述的應該是作者記得自己遇到的第一位真正難打交道的顧客。故選D項。16．考查固定短語辨析。句意：她對一切都很不滿意，覺得什么都不對，我很驚訝她竟然成為了一個“?？汀?。A.becuriousabout對……好奇；B.bedispleasedwith

對……不滿意；C.bepatientwith對……有耐心；D.beuncertainabout對……感到不確定。根據(jù)句意以及該句中的“nothingwasright”可推知，此處為表示這位顧客對一切都很不滿意，覺得什么都不對。故選B項。17．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：過了一會兒，她為自己一開始的行為道歉。A.searched

尋找；B.argued爭論；C.prayed祈禱；D.apologized道歉。根據(jù)上文“shebecamea“regular””和設空處后的“thewayshebehavedatthebeginning.”并結合常識可知，此處應表示，過了一短時間，她為自己一開始的行為道歉。apologized意為“道歉”符合語境。故選D項。18．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這給我上了寶貴的一課，我把它傳授給了在商場上工作的人。A.lesson課，道理；B.trick技巧；C.skill技能；D.trade貿易。根據(jù)該句中的“taughtmeavaluable”以及下文“andIpassitontothepeoplewho10inthemarket.”可推知，此處為這位顧客的行為給作者上了寶貴的一課，作者把它傳授給了在市場上工作的人。故選A項。19．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這給我上了寶貴的一課，我把它傳授給了在商場上工作的人。A.work工作；B.shop商店；C.meet遇見；D.quarrel吵架。根據(jù)句意以及該句中的“inthemarket”，結合前文的shopstaff以及作者講述自己作為商人的經歷可知，此處應指作者要把自己學到的這一經驗傳授給在商場工作的人。故選A項。20．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：別把它放在心上。A.kindly親切地；B.secretly秘密地；C.personally就個人而言，當面地，直接地；D.casually隨便地。根據(jù)下文“Ifacustomerisrudeordifficult,justthink"Maybeshe’shadarowwithherhusband.”可知，如果一個顧客很粗魯或者很難相處，你就想“也許她和她丈夫吵架了?！庇纱丝赏浦?，此處應指，不要因為別人的言行針對自己而不快。takesthpersonally意為“因為某人的言行針對自己而不快”。故選C項。21．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：也許她的孩子不舒服。A.ready已完成；B.away離開；C.up向上；D.well好的，狀況好的。根據(jù)上文提到的不要往心里去，以及后面提到的解釋原因，可知，此處應為另一個讓你不要往心里去的原因，即可能她的孩子不舒服。故選D項。22．考查介詞短語辨析。句意：一定要淡化它，不要讓你的自我妨礙你。A.outofsight

看不見的；B.intheway擋路，妨礙；C.behindthescene幕后；D.abovethelaw在法律之上。根據(jù)句意以及上文“Alwayswateritdown”可推知，此處為表示一定要淡化它，不要讓你的自我妨礙你。故選B項。23．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：如果你這樣做，你將無法處理它，整個事情發(fā)展成一個不愉快的場景，這毀了每個人的一天。A.stress強調；B.expect期望；C.handle處理；D.blame責備。根據(jù)下文“andthewholethingdevelopsintoanunpleasantscene”可知，此處應指，如果你讓自我占據(jù)上風，你就無法處理好它，整件事就會演變成讓人不愉快的事件，毀了每個人一天的心情。故選C項。24．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：如果你這樣做，你將無法處理它，整個事情發(fā)展成一個不愉快的場景，這毀了每個人的一天。A.ruins破壞，毀掉；B.makes制造，使得；C.starts開始；D.saves挽救。根據(jù)空前的“thewholethingdevelopsintoanunpleasantscene”可推知，此處為表示整件事演變成不愉快的事件后會毀了大家一天的心情。故選A項。26.why27.loss28.an29.grown30.at31.bedamaged32or33.libraries34.existing35.publicly【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文，文章介紹了“種子銀行”?！?6題詳解】考查名詞性從句。句意：許多人可能想知道為什么要儲存種子?！癬___1____theseedsarestored”在句中作動詞wonder的賓語從句，設空處在從句中作狀語，根據(jù)下文“Oneofthemajorreasonsistopreservethegenesthatplantgrowersneedtoincreaseyield(產量),diseaseresista